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Panova IA, Ikkert O, Avakyan MR, Kopitsyn DS, Mardanov AV, Pimenov NV, Shcherbakova VA, Ravin NV, Karnachuk OV. Desulfosporosinus metallidurans sp. nov., an acidophilic, metal-resistant sulfate-reducing bacterium from acid mine drainage. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34255623 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, spore-forming, acidophilic and metal-resistant sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain OLT, was isolated from a microbial mat in a tailing dam at a gold ore mining site. Cells were slightly curved immotile rods, 0.5 µm in diameter and 2.0-3.0 µm long. Cells were stained Gram-negative, despite the Gram-positive cell structure revealed by electron microscopy of ultrathin layers. OLT grew at pH 4.0-7.0 with an optimum at 5.5. OLT utilised H2, lactate, pyruvate, malate, formate, propionate, ethanol, glycerol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, peptone and tryptone as electron donors for sulfate reduction. Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, nitrate and fumarate were used as electron acceptors in the presence of lactate. Elemental sulfur, iron (III), and arsenate did not serve as electron acceptors. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω7c (39.0 %) and C16 : 0 (12.1 %). The draft genome of OLT was 5.29 Mb in size and contained 4909 protein-coding genes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence placed OLT within the phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia, family Peptococcaceae, genus Desulfosporosinus. Desulfosporosinus nitroreducens 59.4BT was the closest relative with 97.6 % sequence similarity. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain OLT represents a novel species within the genus Desulfosporosinus, for which we propose the name Desulfosporosinus metallidurans sp. nov. with the type strain OLT (=DSM 104464T=VKM В-3021T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna A Panova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Olga Ikkert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Marat R Avakyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | | | - Andrey V Mardanov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Pimenov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Viktoria A Shcherbakova
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Olga V Karnachuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Calapa KA, Mulford MK, Rieman TD, Senko JM, Auler AS, Parker CW, Barton HA. Hydrologic Alteration and Enhanced Microbial Reductive Dissolution of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides Under Flow Conditions in Fe(III)-Rich Rocks: Contribution to Cave-Forming Processes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:696534. [PMID: 34335526 PMCID: PMC8317133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.696534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work demonstrated that microbial Fe(III)-reduction contributes to void formation, and potentially cave formation within Fe(III)-rich rocks, such as banded iron formation (BIF), iron ore and canga (a surficial duricrust), based on field observations and static batch cultures. Microbiological Fe(III) reduction is often limited when biogenic Fe(II) passivates further Fe(III) reduction, although subsurface groundwater flow and the export of biogenic Fe(II) could alleviate this passivation process, and thus accelerate cave formation. Given that static batch cultures are unlikely to reflect the dynamics of groundwater flow conditions in situ, we carried out comparative batch and column experiments to extend our understanding of the mass transport of iron and other solutes under flow conditions, and its effect on community structure dynamics and Fe(III)-reduction. A solution with chemistry approximating cave-associated porewater was amended with 5.0 mM lactate as a carbon source and added to columns packed with canga and inoculated with an assemblage of microorganisms associated with the interior of cave walls. Under anaerobic conditions, microbial Fe(III) reduction was enhanced in flow-through column incubations, compared to static batch incubations. During incubation, the microbial community profile in both batch culture and columns shifted from a Proteobacterial dominance to the Firmicutes, including Clostridiaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae, the latter of which has not previously been shown to reduce Fe(III). The bacterial Fe(III) reduction altered the advective properties of canga-packed columns and enhanced permeability. Our results demonstrate that removing inhibitory Fe(II) via mimicking hydrologic flow of groundwater increases reduction rates and overall Fe-oxide dissolution, which in turn alters the hydrology of the Fe(III)-rich rocks. Our results also suggest that reductive weathering of Fe(III)-rich rocks such as canga, BIF, and iron ores may be more substantial than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Calapa
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Melissa K Mulford
- Integrated Bioscience, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Tyler D Rieman
- Department of Geosciences, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
| | - John M Senko
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States.,Integrated Bioscience, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States.,Department of Geosciences, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
| | | | - Ceth W Parker
- Planetary Protection Center of Excellence, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Hazel A Barton
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States.,Integrated Bioscience, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States.,Department of Geosciences, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
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Agostino V, Lenic A, Bardl B, Rizzotto V, Phan ANT, Blank LM, Rosenbaum MA. Electrophysiology of the Facultative Autotrophic Bacterium Desulfosporosinus orientis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:457. [PMID: 32509745 PMCID: PMC7248197 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroautotrophy is a novel and fascinating microbial metabolism, with tremendous potential for CO2 storage and valorization into chemicals and materials made thereof. Research attention has been devoted toward the characterization of acetogenic and methanogenic electroautotrophs. In contrast, here we characterize the electrophysiology of a sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfosporosinus orientis, harboring the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and, thus, capable of fixing CO2 into acetyl-CoA. For most electroautotrophs the mode of electron uptake is still not fully clarified. Our electrochemical experiments at different polarization conditions and Fe0 corrosion tests point to a H2- mediated electron uptake ability of this strain. This observation is in line with the lack of outer membrane and periplasmic multi-heme c-type cytochromes in this bacterium. Maximum planktonic biomass production and a maximum sulfate reduction rate of 2 ± 0.4 mM day–1 were obtained with an applied cathode potential of −900 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, resulting in an electron recovery in sulfate reduction of 37 ± 1.4%. Anaerobic sulfate respiration is more thermodynamically favorable than acetogenesis. Nevertheless, D. orientis strains adapted to sulfate-limiting conditions, could be tuned to electrosynthetic production of up to 8 mM of acetate, which compares well with other electroacetogens. The yield per biomass was very similar to H2/CO2 based acetogenesis. Acetate bioelectrosynthesis was confirmed through stable isotope labeling experiments with Na-H13CO3. Our results highlight a great influence of the CO2 feeding strategy and start-up H2 level in the catholyte on planktonic biomass growth and acetate production. In serum bottles experiments, D. orientis also generated butyrate, which makes D. orientis even more attractive for bioelectrosynthesis application. A further optimization of these physiological pathways is needed to obtain electrosynthetic butyrate production in D. orientis biocathodes. This study expands the diversity of facultative autotrophs able to perform H2-mediated extracellular electron uptake in Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES). We characterized a sulfate-reducing and acetogenic bacterium, D. orientis, able to naturally produce acetate and butyrate from CO2 and H2. For any future bioprocess, the exploitation of planktonic growing electroautotrophs with H2-mediated electron uptake would allow for a better use of the entire liquid volume of the cathodic reactor and, thus, higher productivities and product yields from CO2-rich waste gas streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Agostino
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Lenic
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bettina Bardl
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Valentina Rizzotto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - An N T Phan
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam A Rosenbaum
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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