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Vera R, Ibarrola-de Andrés C, Adeva J, Pérez-Rojas J, García-Alfonso P, Rodríguez-Gil Y, Macarulla T, Serrano-Piñol T, Mondéjar R, Madrigal-Rubiales B. Expert consensus of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology on the determination of biomarkers in pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Rev Esp Patol 2023; 56:32-44. [PMID: 36599598 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer have a poor prognosis. In recent years, the development of new diagnostic techniques has enabled the identification of the main genetic alterations involved in the development of these tumours. Multiple studies have assessed the ability to predict response to treatment of certain biomarkers, such as BRCA in pancreatic cancer, IDH1 or FGFR2 in biliary tract cancer and microsatellite instability or NTRK fusions in an agnostic tumour fashion. In this consensus, a group of experts selected by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP) reviewed the role played by these mutations in the process of carcinogenesis and their clinical implications. Based on their results, a series of recommendations are made to optimize the determination of these biomarkers and thus help standardize the diagnosis and treatment of these tumours.
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Vila J, Bosch J, Muñoz-Almagro C. Molecular diagnosis of the central nervous system (CNS) infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 39:403-410. [PMID: 34620475 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections such as meningitis and encephalitis are medical emergencies that require rapid diagnosis of the causative pathogen to guide early and adequate treatment since a delay in implementing an adequate antimicrobial therapy can lead to death. The current microbiological diagnostic methods based on culture or antigen detection have important limitations in their capacity to accurately identify the different potential pathogens causing CNS and, in the time, to obtaining results. Rapid syndromic molecular arrays have been developed. The main advantage of using a meningoencephalitis panel based in a multiplex test is that includes bacteria, viruses and fungi, covering the most prevalent microorganisms causing meningitis and encephalitis and the turn-around time is circa 1h. The use of these multiplex-PCR based tools is reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vila
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Global Health of Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases, REIPI, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Bosch
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Global Health of Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases, REIPI, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Infections causes by parasites of the gastrointestinal tract are a global public health problem. In industrialised countries, their particular epidemiological (low general prevalence of enteroparasites), economic (high labour costs) and clinical characteristics (constant increase in the number of samples and diagnostic determinations to be performed) have led molecular techniques to progressively replace conventional microscopy as the first-line diagnostic method of these pathogens in modern clinical laboratories. PCR-based techniques, particularly those developed for the simultaneous detection of the various agents that can cause the same infectious disease (syndromic diagnosis), already represent a cost-effective option that allow process automisation, workflow optimisation, and comparison of results among different laboratories, and facilitate accreditation of diagnostic procedures. This review clearly and concisely discusses the current situation of the molecular diagnosis of the main species of intestinal parasites in humans, particularly the enteric protozoans causing diarrhoea (Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica), the most important members the Microsporidia phyla (Enterocytozoon bieneusi) and Stramenopiles phyla (Blastocystis sp.), as well as the helminths transmitted by soil (Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura) and food (Anisakis spp., Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola spp., Taenia solium, and Trichinella spiralis). Special attention is paid to the description of available techniques and formats, to their diagnostic benefits and the most widely used genetic markers for their detection, both in clinical laboratories and genotyping in referral and research centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dacal
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - David Carmena
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España.
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Fox B, Sabio Paz V, Incardona MA, Elisiri ME, Gonzalez Fraga S, Solana CL, Fernández-Canigia L. Rapid syndromic molecular testing and human parechovirus infection in children: A report of three cases in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2021; 54:31-34. [PMID: 33838970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parechovirus (HPeV) is one of the members of the family Picornaviridae that has been associated with fever of unknown origin, gastroenteritis, clinical sepsis, meningitis, or encephalitis in very young infants. HPeV detection is not routinely performed in most clinical microbiology laboratories in Argentina and, therefore, its real prevalence is unknown. We here report three cases of HPeV CNS infection that presented to our hospital with different clinical features after the implementation of a multiplex PCR meningitis/encephalitis panel. Molecular diagnostic techniques could help improve patient care and understand the real prevalence of this infection in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fox
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Veronica Sabio Paz
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Elisa Elisiri
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Gonzalez Fraga
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Luis Solana
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cobo F, Zaragoza Ó, Navarro-Marí JM. Rhodotorula dairenensis fungemia in a patient with cancer. Rev Iberoam Micol 2020; 37:63-64. [PMID: 32546314 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodotorula species were traditionally considered non-virulent environmental microorganisms, but are nowadays considered important human pathogens, especially in immunocompromised individuals. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 73 year-old man with diarrhea, anorexia and fever. In the blood analyses, both aerobic blood culture bottles yielded the growth of Rhodotorula dairenensis. The MALDI-TOF MS score was inadequate to provide an identification, which was achieved by means of molecular techniques. Treatment with an echinocandin was started, but the patient died. CONCLUSIONS Basidiomycetous yeast genera such as Rhodotorula can cause invasive and severe infections, e.g., fungemia, especially in patients with central venous catheter or another indwelling device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cobo
- Department of Microbiology and Instituto Biosanitario, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
| | - Óscar Zaragoza
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Department of Microbiology and Instituto Biosanitario, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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6
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Vila J, Bosch J, Muñoz-Almagro C. Molecular diagnosis of the central nervous system (CNS) infections. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 39:S0213-005X(20)30168-3. [PMID: 32345489 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections such as meningitis and encephalitis are medical emergencies that require rapid diagnosis of the causative pathogen to guide early and adequate treatment since a delay in implementing an adequate antimicrobial therapy can lead to death. The current microbiological diagnostic methods based on culture or antigen detection have important limitations in their capacity to accurately identify the different potential pathogens causing CNS and, in the time, to obtaining results. Rapid syndromic molecular arrays have been developed. The main advantage of using a meningoencephalitis panel based in a multiplex test is that includes bacteria, viruses and fungi, covering the most prevalent microorganisms causing meningitis and encephalitis and the turn-around time is circa 1h. The use of these multiplex-PCR based tools is reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vila
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Global Health of Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases, REIPI, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Bosch
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Global Health of Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases, REIPI, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-Chiguer DL, Tirado-Mendoza R, Márquez-Navarro A, Ambrosio-Hernández JR, Ruiz-Fraga I, Aguilar-Vargas RE, Lira-Martínez JM, López-Valdés JC. [Detección y caracterización molecular de virus respiratorios causantes de infección respiratoria aguda en población adulta]. GAC MED MEX 2019; 155:S16-S21. [PMID: 31182877 DOI: 10.24875/gmm.19005138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute respiratory infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults and patients with chronic diseases. Among the responsible etiological agents are human respiratory viruses, such as: respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus and metapneumovirus. Objective To carry out a differential diagnostic study of respiratory viruses circulating and co-circulating in an adult population. Methods A pilot study was conducted in patients older than 18 years, who presented signs and symptoms suggestive of acute respiratory infection and whose clinical picture did not exceed 15 days of evolution; end-point polymerase chain reaction assays were performed with the use of specific oligonucleotides for molecular diagnosis. Results 72 specimens of patients with an age of 51.33 ± 19.33 years, with a predominance of females (4.5:1); original inhabitants of Mexico City; only 22 were positive for respiratory viruses, being mostly metapneumovirus infections. Conclusions The knowledge of the circulating viral strains in the population will allow to determine changes that can declare an epidemiological alert leading to the best decision making for the benefit of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Lucía Díaz-Chiguer
- Dirección Médica, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rocío Tirado-Mendoza
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Medicina UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adrián Márquez-Navarro
- Departamento de Medicamentos Nuevos y Genéricos, Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Ismael Ruiz-Fraga
- Dirección Médica, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo Ezequiel Aguilar-Vargas
- Dirección Médica, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Julio César López-Valdés
- Facultad de Medicina de Tampico, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Dr. Alberto Romo Caballero, Tampico, Tamaulipas. México
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Kopacek C, Prado MJ, da Silva CMD, de Castro SM, Beltrão LA, Vargas PR, Grandi T, Rossetti MLR, Spritzer PM. Clinical and molecular profile of newborns with confirmed or suspicious congenital adrenal hyperplasia detected after a public screening program implementation. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:282-290. [PMID: 29715434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the results obtained in a neonatal screening program after its implementation and to assess the clinical and molecular profiles of confirmed and suspicious congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. Newborns with suspected disease due to high 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels and adjusted for birth weight were selected. Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (salt-wasting and simple virilizing forms) was diagnosed by an increase in 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels as confirmed in the retest, clinical evaluation, and genotype determined by SNaPshot and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. RESULTS After 24 months, 15 classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases were diagnosed in a total of 217,965 newborns, with an estimated incidence of 1:14,531. From 132 patients, seven non-classical and 14 heterozygous patients were screened for CYP21A2 mutations, and 96 patients presented false positives with wild type CYP21A2. On retest, increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were found in classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients and showed significant correlation with genotype-related classical genital adrenal hyperplasia. The most frequent mutations were IVS2-13A/C>G followed by gene deletion or rearrangement events in the classical form. In non-classical and heterozygous diseases, p.Val282Leu was the most common mutation. CONCLUSIONS The results underscore the effectiveness of congenital adrenal hyperplasia neonatal screening in the public health system and indicate that the adopted strategy was appropriate. The second sample collection along with genotyping of suspected cases helped to properly diagnose both severe and milder cases and delineate them from false positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Kopacek
- Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas, Unidade de Triagem Neonatal, Laboratório de Triagem Neonatal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mayara J Prado
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudia M D da Silva
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone M de Castro
- Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas, Unidade de Triagem Neonatal, Laboratório de Triagem Neonatal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Escola de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana A Beltrão
- Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas, Unidade de Triagem Neonatal, Laboratório de Triagem Neonatal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula R Vargas
- Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas, Unidade de Triagem Neonatal, Laboratório de Triagem Neonatal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tarciana Grandi
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria L R Rossetti
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Divisão de Endocrinologia, Unidade de Endocrinologia Ginecológica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Muñoz-Ramírez A, López-Monteon A, Ramos-Ligonio A, Méndez-Bolaina E, Guapillo-Vargas MRB. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Human papillomavirus in female sex workers in Central Veracruz, Mexico. Rev Argent Microbiol 2018; 50:351-358. [PMID: 29548730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Female sex workers (FSWs) have been considered a key population for sexually transmitted infections (STIs); therefore, they are periodically screened as a requirement to obtain a work card. However, there is insufficient epidemiological data on STIs among FSWs in Mexico. The detection of Trichomonas vaginalis is limited to microscopic studies and the molecular screening of Human papillomavirus (HPV) is only done to women 35 years of age and older. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis and HPV infections in FSWs in the city of Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico. Samples from 105 FSWs were obtained by cervical swab and analyzed. The identification of T. vaginalis and HPV was performed by molecular methods. HPV DNA was identified in 5.71% of the samples with the presence of HPV16, HPV18, and HPV58. A percentage of 25.7% samples were positive for T. vaginalis for optical microscopy and 23.8% for PCR. The results of the study indicate the need to incorporate more sensitive methods for the timely diagnosis of STIs as well as comprehensive health promotion programs directed to the most vulnerable groups among FSWs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aracely López-Monteon
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Angel Ramos-Ligonio
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Enrique Méndez-Bolaina
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Mario R B Guapillo-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Pinazo-Durán MD, Shoaie-Nia K, Sanz-González SM, Raga-Cervera J, García-Medina JJ, López-Gálvez MI, Galarreta-Mira D, Duarte L, Campos-Borges C, Zanón-Moreno V. Identification of new candidate genes for retinopathy in type 2 diabetics. Valencia Study on Diabetic Retinopathy (VSDR). Report number 3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 93:211-219. [PMID: 29398232 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify genes involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), among which include oxidative stress, extracellular matrix changes, and/or apoptosis, in order to evaluate the risk of developing this retinal disease in a type2 diabetic (DM2) population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was carried out on 81 participants from the Valencia Study on Diabetic Retinopathy (VSDR) of both genders, with ages 25-85years. They were classified into: (i)DM2 group (n=49), with DR (+DR; n=14) and without DR (-DR; n=35), and (ii)control group (GC; n=32). The protocols included a personal interview, standardised ophthalmological examination, and blood collection (to analyse the DNA for determining the gene expression (TP53, MMP9, and SLC23A2) in the study groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS v22.0 program. RESULTS The TP53 and MMP9 genes showed a higher expression in the DM2 group compared to the GC, although the difference was only significant for the MMP9 gene (TP53: 10.40±1.20 vs. 8.23±1.36, P=.084; MMP9: 1.45±0.16 vs. 0.95±0.16, P=.036), and the SLC23A2 gene showed a significant lower expression in the DM2 vs CG (5.58±0.64 vs. 11.66±1.90, P=.026). When sub-dividing the DM2 group according to the presence of retinopathy, the expression of the TP53, MMP9 and SLC23A2 genes showed significant differences between the DM2-RD, DM2+RD and GC groups (TP53: 9.95±1.47 vs. 11.52±2.05 vs. 8.23±1.36, P=.038; MMP9: 1.47±0.20 vs. 1.41±0.27 vs. 0.95±0.16, P=.021; SLC23A2: 5.61±0.77 vs. 5.51±1.21 vs. 11.66±1.90, P=.018). CONCLUSIONS Genes involved in extracellular matrix integrity (MMP9) and/or apoptosis (TP53), could be considered potential markers of susceptibility to the development/progression of NPDR. Interestingly, the SLC232A2 gene (ascorbic acid transporter) can be considered a protector of the risk of the development/progression of the retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pinazo-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica «Santiago Grisolía»/FISABIO y Unidad de Oftalmobiología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Patología ocular OFTARED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España.
| | - K Shoaie-Nia
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica «Santiago Grisolía»/FISABIO y Unidad de Oftalmobiología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - S M Sanz-González
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica «Santiago Grisolía»/FISABIO y Unidad de Oftalmobiología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Patología ocular OFTARED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - J Raga-Cervera
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica «Santiago Grisolía»/FISABIO y Unidad de Oftalmobiología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - J J García-Medina
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica «Santiago Grisolía»/FISABIO y Unidad de Oftalmobiología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Patología ocular OFTARED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, y Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - M I López-Gálvez
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Patología ocular OFTARED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - D Galarreta-Mira
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Patología ocular OFTARED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - L Duarte
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Entre Douro e Vouga, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - C Campos-Borges
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica «Santiago Grisolía»/FISABIO y Unidad de Oftalmobiología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Privado da Boa Nova, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - V Zanón-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica «Santiago Grisolía»/FISABIO y Unidad de Oftalmobiología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Patología ocular OFTARED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
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11
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Abstract
Septicemia remains a major cause of hospital mortality. Blood culture remains the best approach to identify the etiological microorganisms when a bloodstream infection is suspected but it takes long time because it relies on bacterial or fungal growth. The introduction in clinical microbiology laboratories of the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology, DNA hybridization, microarrays or rapid PCR-based test significantly reduce the time to results. Tests for direct detection in whole blood samples are highly desirable because of their potential to identify bloodstream pathogens without waiting for blood cultures to become positive. Nonetheless, limitations of current molecular diagnostic methods are substantial. This article reviews these new molecular approaches (LightCycler SeptiFast, Magicplex sepsis real time, Septitest, VYOO, PCR/ESI-MS analysis, T2Candida).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Marco
- Servicio de Microbiología, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España; ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
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Prieto-Borja L, Rodriguez-Sevilla G, Auñon A, Pérez-Jorge C, Sandoval E, Garcia-Cañete J, Gadea I, Fernandez-Roblas R, Blanco A, Esteban J. Evaluation of a commercial multiplex PCR (Unyvero i60 ®) designed for the diagnosis of bone and joint infections using prosthetic-joint sonication. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 35:236-242. [PMID: 27769681 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of sonication protocols over the last few years has improved the sensitivity of conventional cultures for the diagnosis of prosthetic-joint infection (PJI). However, the development of a new, specifically designed kit for the molecular diagnosis of PJI could provide a major improvement in this field. METHODS Prostheses retrieved from patients who underwent implant removal from May 2014 to May 2015 were sent for culture, and processed according to a previously defined protocol that included sonication. Furthermore, 180 microlitres of sonication fluid were used to carry out the multiplex PCR test (Unyvero i60 system®). A comparison of the sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value, was performed. The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS The analysis included 88 prostheses from 68 patients (1.29 prostheses/patient). The type of prostheses studied were knee (n=55), total hip (n=26), partial hip (n=5), and shoulder (n=2). Twenty-nine patients were diagnosed with a PJI (15 delayed, 12 acute, and 2 haematogenous infections). In 24 cases, the result of the PCR was positive, all but 1 corresponding to patients with clinical criteria of PJI. Nine resistance mechanisms were detected from 5 samples. The Unyvero i60 system® showed slightly better results than traditional culture in terms of specificity and PPV. CONCLUSIONS The Unyvero i60 system® may play a role in rapid diagnosis of PJI, due to its high specificity and PPV. However, despite these results, cultures have to be performed to detect organisms not detected by the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Prieto-Borja
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Graciela Rodriguez-Sevilla
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Auñon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Pérez-Jorge
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Sandoval
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Garcia-Cañete
- Department of Internal Medicine-Emergency, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gadea
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Fernandez-Roblas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Blanco
- Department of Internal Medicine-Emergency, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Martin M, Decker Franco C, Romero S, Carletti T, Schnittger L, Florin-Christensen M. Molecular detection of Sarcocystis aucheniae in the blood of llamas from Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2016; 48:200-5. [PMID: 27615713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcocystis aucheniae are apicomplexan protozoa that infect South American camelids (SACs), giving rise to macroscopic cysts similar to rice grains in skeletal muscles. Visual detection of macrocysts in slaughtered animals hampers commercialization of SAC meat, a highly relevant economic exploitation for Andean rural families. Importantly, the consumption of undercooked S. aucheniae-infested meat causes gastroenteritis. A carnivore definitive host, possibly the dog, acquires the parasite when feeding on infected SAC meat, and later eliminates infective oocysts in its feces. The parasite cycle is completed when SACs ingest contaminated water or pastures. We hypothesized that parasite DNA can be detected in SAC blood using molecular methods. In order to test this hypothesis, a seminested PCR format was specifically designed to target the hypervariable 18S rRNA gene region of S. aucheniae. PCR conditions were optimized using genomic DNA extracted from macrocyst bradyzoites. A detection limit of up to 1 parasite in 10μl of llama blood was established based on DNA samples extracted from aliquots of S. aucheniae bradyzoite-spiked non-infected llama blood. The seminested PCR allowed to detect natural infections of S. aucheniae in llama blood samples originating in the Andean flatlands of Argentina. Specific amplification of S. aucheniae DNA was corroborated by amplicon sequencing. This is the first report of S. aucheniae detection in llama blood, which provides a valuable diagnostic tool for epidemiological studies and for the evaluation of the efficacy of control measures for this parasitosis.
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Casañ C, Ocete MD, Medina R, Gimeno C. Evaluation of the Luminex xTAG ®-GPP (Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel) in the diagnosis of diseases with acute diarrhoea. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017; 35:574-7. [PMID: 27059749 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most Microbiology laboratories use different techniques for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections. Some of which require at least 72 hours to obtain final results. MATERIAL AND METHODS The gastrointestinal panel Luminex (xTAG-GPP, Luminex Molecular Diagnostics, Toronto, Canada) is a qualitative multiplex fast and sensitive assay able to detect and to identify the 15 most common pathogens causing gastrointestinal infection simultaneously. We evaluated this multiplex panel comparing it with conventional methods used in our laboratory. RESULTS We analyzed 225 samples of feces. Through the conventional methods were positive 74 samples (32.9%). Through the Luminex method were positive 137 samples (60.9%). CONCLUSIONS The use of the xTAG® GPP system in Clinical Microbiology can improve the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infectious because it provides results in less than 8 hours. Some pathogens should be applied with caution and should be interpreted based on the patient́s clinical data.
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Abstract
The diagnosis of endemic and invasive fungal disease remains challenging. Molecular techniques for identification of fungi now play a significant and growing role in clinical mycology and offer distinct advantages as they are faster, more sensitive and more specific. The aim of this mini-review is to provide an overview of the state of the art of molecular diagnosis of endemic and invasive fungal diseases, and to emphasize the challenges and current need for standardization of the different methods. The European Aspergillus PCR Initiative (EAPCRI) has made significant progress in developing a standard for Aspergillus polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but recognizes that the process will not be finished until clinical utility has been established in formal and extensive clinical trials. Similar efforts should be implemented for the diagnosis of the other mycoses in order to fully validate the current methods or reinforce the need to design new ones. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz L Gómez
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellin, Colombia.
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