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Wu XT, Zheng YY, Ma SS, Ai SH, Zhou QW, Yang D, Ma C. Synthesis, optical properties, and application of novel chalcone skeleton as pH fluorescent probe: Based AIE + ESIPT strategy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 314:124199. [PMID: 38555822 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A series of "turn off" pH fluorescence probes with chalcone skeleton for basic system have been developed. The molecules emitted bright yellow fluorescence under acidic condition, resulting AIE coupled ESIPT characteristic and ICT process. What's more, the compounds exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity for detecting pH as a facile "On-Off" fluorescence probe, and the fluorescence of them were quenched with the ESIPT process interrupted under alkaline condition. Theoretical calculation for the related compounds also performed to verify the electron effect on photophysical properties and confirm the rational speculation on the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Shu-Heng Ai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, PR China
| | - Qi-Wang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, PR China
| | - Di Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, PR China.
| | - Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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2
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Immanuel David C, Lee J, Ramanagul K, Gothandapani V, Kim BJ, Lee HI. Dual channel chemosensor for successive detection of environmentally toxic Pd 2+ and CN - ions and its application to cancer cell imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1305:342582. [PMID: 38677838 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting and neutralizing Pd2+ ions are a significant challenge due to their cytotoxicity, even at low concentrations. To address this issue, various chemosensors have been designed for advanced detection systems, offering simplicity and the potential to differentiate signals from different analytes. Nonetheless, these chemosensors often suffer from limited emission response and complex synthesis procedures. As a result, the tracking and quantification of residual palladium in biological systems and environments remain challenging tasks, with only a few chemosensing probes available for commercial use. RESULTS In this paper, a straightforward approach for the selective detection of Pd2+ ions is proposed, which involves the design, synthesis, and utilization of a propargylated naphthalene-derived probe (E)-N'-((2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)naphthalen-1-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide (NHP). The NHP probe exhibits sensitive dual-channel colorimetry and fluorescence Pd2+ detection over other tested metal ions. The detection process is performed through a catalytic depropargylation reaction, followed by an excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process, the detection limit is as low as 11.58 × 10-7 M under mild conditions. Interestingly, the resultant chemodosimeter adduct (E)-N'-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide (NHH) was employed for the consecutive detection of CN- ions, exhibiting an impressive detection limit of 31.79 × 10-8 M. Validation of both detection processes was achieved through 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory calculations. For real-time applications of the NHP and NHH probes, smartphone-assisted detection, and intracellular detection of Pd2+ and CN- ions within HeLa cells were studied. SIGNIFICANCE This research presents a novel naphthalene derivative for visually detecting environmentally toxic Pd2+ and CN- ions. The synthesized probe selectively binds to Pd2+, forming a chemodosimeter. It successfully detects CN- ions through colorimetry and fluorimetry, offering a low detection limit and quick response. Notably, it's the first naphthalene-based small molecule to serve as a dual probe for toxic analytes - palladium and cyanide. Moreover, it effectively detects Pd2+ and CN- intracellularly in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Immanuel David
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Industry Research Institution (CIRI), University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Industry Research Institution (CIRI), University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Karthick Ramanagul
- Department of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Velraj Gothandapani
- Department of Physics, CEG Campus, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Industry Research Institution (CIRI), University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Il Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Industry Research Institution (CIRI), University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea.
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Musikavanhu B, Pan T, Ma Q, Liang Y, Xue Z, Feng L, Zhao L. Dual detection of Hg 2+ and Pb 2+ by a coumarin-functionalized Schiff base in environmental and biosystems. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 313:124101. [PMID: 38447440 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent chemosensors are often preferred for tracking toxic ions because of their non-destructive measurement and ease of use in environmental real samples and biosystems. Exploring high selectivity, great sensitivity, and biocompatible fluorophores with facile, accessible and dual-responsive features is currently highly demanding. A coumarin-based naphthol hydrazone Schiff base chemosensor, NaChro, is designed and synthesized in a two-step process to detect toxic metal ions with strong emission. Fluorescence spectra analysis demonstrates that the probe binds to Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions with a 1:1 and a 2:1 stoichiometry, respectively, with high sensitivity, short response time and minimal interference from other metal ions. The observed reversible turn-on reaction was attributed to the inhibition of C = N isomerization and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) processes once the ions were introduced. The practical applications of NaChro are successfully addressed in paper strips, various water samples, HeLa cells and Zebrafish, demonstrating that the probe can detect and track Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions in environmental samples and biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Musikavanhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Quanhong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongdi Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Sun Y, Mu J, Wang Y, Lü C, Zou LW. Rational synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazole based ESIPT-fluorescent probe for detection of Cu 2+ and H 2S in herbs, wine and fruits. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1297:342379. [PMID: 38438245 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Here, 1,3,4-thiadiazole unit was employed as novel excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) structure to prepare favorable fluorescent probe. High selectivity and rapid response to Cu2+ was obtained and the settling reaction was also used to recover ESIPT characteristics of probe to achieve sequential detection of H2S. Remarkable color change of solution from colorless to bright yellow and fluorescence emission from green to dark realized the visual detection of Cu2+ by naked eyes and transition of probe into portable fluorescent test strips. As expected, L-E could be utilized to quantitatively sense Cu2+ and H2S in different actual water and food samples including herbs, wine and fruits. The limits of detection for Cu2+ and H2S were as low as 34.5 nM and 38.6 nM. Also, probe L-E achieved real-time, portable, on-site quantitative detection of Cu2+ via a colorimeter and a smartphone platform with limit of detection to 90.3 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian, 116029, PR China
| | - Jie Mu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yongchen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian, 116029, PR China
| | - Chengwei Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian, 116029, PR China.
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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Wang T, Lv M, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Cai Z, Zhang Y, Song J, Liu J, Yin H, Shang F. TDDFT Study on the ESIPT Properties of 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-Benzothiazole and Sensing Mechanism of a Derived Fluorescent Probe for Fluoride Ion. Molecules 2024; 29:1541. [PMID: 38611820 PMCID: PMC11013366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The level of fluoride ions (F-) in the human body is closely related to various pathological and physiological states, and the rapid detection of F- is important for studying physiological processes and the early diagnosis of diseases. In this study, the detailed sensing mechanism of a novel high-efficiency probe (PBT) based on 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzothiazole derivatives towards F- has been fully investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods. F- attacks the O-P bond of PBT to cleavage the dimethylphosphinothionyl group, and the potential products were evaluated by Gibbs free energy and spectroscopic analyses, which ultimately identified the product as HBT-Enol1 with an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Bond parameters, infrared vibrational spectroscopy and charge analysis indicate that the hydrogen bond is enhanced at the excited state (S1), favoring excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). The mild energy barrier further evidences the occurrence of ESIPT. Combined with frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, the fluorescence quenching of PBT was attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism and the fluorescence turn-on mechanism of the product was attributed to the ESIPT process of HBT-Enol1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Meiheng Lv
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Research Center of Advanced Biological Manufacture, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Zexu Cai
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiaqi Song
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Research Center of Advanced Biological Manufacture, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Hang Yin
- Research Center of Advanced Biological Manufacture, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Fangjian Shang
- College of Aeronautical Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China;
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Reimann LK, Dalberto BT, Schneider PH, de Castro Silva Junior H, Rodembusch FS. Benzazole-Based ESIPT Fluorophores: Proton Transfer from the Chalcogen Perspective. A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03595-y. [PMID: 38507128 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present a comprehensive photophysical investigation of ESIPT-reactive benzazole derivatives in both solution and the solid state. These derivatives incorporate different chalcogen atoms (O, S, and Se) into their structures, and we explore how these variations impact their electronic properties in both ground and excited states. Changes in the UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were analyzed and correlated with the chalcogen atom and solvent polarity. In general, the spectral band of the benzazole derivative containing selenium was redshifted in both the ground and excited states compared to that of its oxygen and sulfur counterparts. Furthermore, we observed that the solvent played a distinctive role in influencing the ESIPT process within these compounds, underscoring once again the significant influence of the chalcogen atom on their photophysical behavior. Theoretical calculations provided a deeper understanding of the molecular dynamics, electronic structures, and photophysical properties of these compounds. These calculations highlighted the effect of chalcogen atoms on the molecular geometry, absorption and emission characteristics, and intramolecular hydrogen bonding, revealing intricate details of the ESIPT mechanism. The integration of experimental and computational data offers a detailed view of the structural and electronic factors governing the photophysical behavior of benzazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Kommers Reimann
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), PO Box 15003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, ZIP Code91501-970, Brazil
| | - Bianca Thaís Dalberto
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), PO Box 15003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, ZIP Code91501-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Schneider
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), PO Box 15003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, ZIP Code91501-970, Brazil
| | - Henrique de Castro Silva Junior
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), PO Box 15003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, ZIP Code91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano Severo Rodembusch
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), PO Box 15003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, ZIP Code91501-970, Brazil.
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Prutskij T, Deriabina A, Vázquez Leon GD, Castillo Trejo L. Excited-state proton transfer based fluorescence in Kaempferol powder and solutions with different concentrations. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 309:123814. [PMID: 38157743 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Kaempferol (KMP) is one of the most common flavonoids, currently being extensively studied for its numerous beneficial health effects. Here we study the fluorescence (FL) emission of KMP powder and of its solutions prepared using different types of solvents (polar and non-polar). In the spectra of KMP powder and KMP solutions with high concentration, the same FL peak with maximum at 1.9 eV is observed. Another FL peak, at higher energy of 2.45 eV, emerges in solutions, its relative intensity increases with decreasing solution concentration. The FL emission of solutions with lowest concentration displays only that peak. To calculate characteristic energies of absorption and emission of KMP molecule in vacuum and in solutions we use time-dependent density functional theory. Comparing the results of computations with measured FL spectra, we associate the FL band at 1.9 eV with the emission due to excited state intramolecular transfer of the proton of -OH5 hydroxyl group. The FL emission at 2.45 eV is related to the -OH3 proton transfer. We measure the FL spectra of KMP powder using two different excitation energies, 3.06 eV and 2.33 eV, and find that its FL spectrum depends on the excitation energy. To understand that dependence, we compare the FL spectra of KMP and Q monohydrate powders. We consider the excited state intermolecular transfer of the proton from -OH3' hydroxyl group to a neighboring molecule in Q crystal and calculate the energy corresponding to the emission of the resulted anion of Q molecule. The spectral feature at 1.69 eV observed only in the FL spectrum of Q hydrate is attributed to the Q anion FL emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prutskij
- ICUAP, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - A Deriabina
- Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Pue, Mexico.
| | - G D Vázquez Leon
- Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - L Castillo Trejo
- ICUAP, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Pue, Mexico
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Qiao T, Shi W, Zhuang H, Zhao G, Xin X, Li Y. Effects of substitution and conjugation on photophysical properties of ESIPT-based fluorophores with the core of 4-aminophthalimide. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 309:123802. [PMID: 38184881 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
4-Aminophthalimide is a highly fluorescent signaling unit with excellent photophysical properties and wide application foregrounds. Based on this, a range of theoretical investigations are conducted on the fluorescent probe (E)-5-((2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino) isoindoline-1, 3-dione (HID) with the core of 4-aminophthalimide using density functional theory (DFT) and time-containing density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods in this paper. The optimized configurations, vertical excitation and emission energies, electronic characteristics and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behaviors of the probe HID are discussed in detail. Furthermore, to enhance the luminescent properties of HID, five novel compounds have been designed based on the structure of HID by introducing amino, methoxy and naphthalene groups (-NH2, -OMe and C10H8). Our work thoroughly explores how the property and position of substituents and conjugation affect photophysical characteristics and ESIPT processes. We find that the ESIPT dynamics can be modulated by the substitution and conjugation effects. Specifically, the introduction of amino and methoxy groups at the ortho-position and the introduction of the naphthalene group promote the ESIPT behavior of HID1, whereas the introduction of amino and methoxy groups at the meta-position exhibits the contrary impact. Therefore, we boldly infer that the introduction of electron-donating groups in the ortho-position and the introduction of the conjugated group make the ESIPT process more effortless to occur, whereas the introduction of substituents with opposing natures in the meta-position makes the ESIPT process more difficult to occur. In addition, the ionization potentials (IP), electron affinities (EA) and reorganization energies (λh and λe) of molecules are calculated to assess their potential as luminescent materials. Our work not only reveals the luminescence and ESIPT mechanism of the probe HID1, but also proposes to modulate the ESIPT process through the substitution and conjugation effects. In particular, the designed molecules have better photoelectric properties as a result of their red-shifted absorption and fluorescence spectra, smaller energy gaps, larger transferred charges and greater charge transferred distances, which offers some valuable ideas for the experimental development of more efficient organic luminescent materials with ESIPT properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Qiao
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Hongbin Zhuang
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Guijie Zhao
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xin Xin
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Yongqing Li
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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Pramanik A, Das R, Jyoti Boruah P, Majumder S, Mohanta S. A very rare fluorescent chemosensor of zinc(II) exhibiting AIEE, ESIPT and TICT: Spectroscopic, crystallographic and theoretical exploration. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 308:123780. [PMID: 38142491 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The basic systems in this study are HL (1; 1:2 condensation product of 2,6-diformyl-4-ethylphenol and o-anisidine) and its ZnII and CdII complexes of composition [ZnII(LH)Cl2]·CH3OH (2) and [CdII(LH)Cl2] (3), all of which are synthesized and characterized by CHN elemental analyses, single crystal X-ray crystallography, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. It has been established from the following experimental and theoretical studies that 1 is a fluorescent turn on sensor of ZnII ion and it exhibits all of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), photoinduced electron transfer (PET), twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIEE): (i) Detailed absorption and emission (steady state / time resolved) studies in various single solvents, in solvent mixtures, with pH variation, with various single metal ions, with mixtures of metal ions, on varying temperature and on varying viscosity; (ii) dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in solvent mixtures; (iii) density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations in ground and excites states of 1-3. It is shown that 1 can be efficaciously applied in inkless writing with the "write - erase - write" facility. The mechanisms/reasons of the observed properties have been addressed. The difference in fluorescence of ZnII and CdII complexes, unusual case of crystal structures of probe and complexes with ZnII and CdII, unusual features in the structures of 2 and 3 as well as a structure-property correlation have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Rampada Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Palash Jyoti Boruah
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793003, India
| | - Samit Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Bhairab Ganguly College, Feeder Road, Belghoria, Kolkata 700056, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sasankasekhar Mohanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
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Deriabina A, Prutskij T, Morales Ochoa HD, Gonzalez Jimenez E, Deriabin S. Comparative Analysis of Fluorescence Emission in Myricetin, Kaempferol, and Quercetin Powders and Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2558. [PMID: 38473805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Myricetin is a flavonol with high antioxidant properties. In this research, the fluorescence emission of myricetin powder and its solutions in different solvents were measured and analyzed by comparing with the results of calculations. Comparison of the calculated and measured characteristic wavelengths allowed the identification of all the spectral features in the fluorescence spectra of myricetin powder and solutions with different concentrations. The computation was based on modeling the process of the excited state intermolecular proton transfer, which predicts the formation of tautomeric forms of the flavonol molecule. Characteristic emission wavelengths were obtained using TDDFT/M06-2X/6-31++G(d,p). To understand the influence of the hydroxyl groups in the B-ring of the flavonol molecule on the emission spectrum, we also compared the fluorescence spectra of myricetin with those of kaempferol and quercetin. Moreover, based on the analysis of the changes in the shape of the FL spectra with the concentration of the solution, a criterion for the complete dissolution of the flavonol powders was established, which is important for bioavailability of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Deriabina
- Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Prutskij
- Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Gonzalez Jimenez
- Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Sergei Deriabin
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino 142290, Russia
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11
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Oguz M, Erdemir S, Malkondu S. Engineering a "turn-on" NIR fluorescent sensor-based hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole with a cinnamoyl unit for hydrazine and its environmental and in-vitro applications. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123193. [PMID: 38142810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine (N2H4), a chemical compound widely used in various industrial applications, causes significant environmental and biological hazards. Therefore, it is crucial to develop methodologies for the visualization and real time tracking of N2H4. In this regard, we have constructed a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe (HBT-Cy) that can effectively detect N2H4 in various samples. HBT-Cy contains 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT), cinnamoyl (Cy), and pyridinium (Py) moieties. Importantly, HBT-Cy exhibits a rapid, selective, and highly sensitive response to N2H4. This response results in the release of HBT-Py and the generation of considerable colorimetric changes along with a significant NIR (near infrared) fluorescence signal, peaking at 685 nm. Advantages of this system include turn on NIR fluorescence with large Stokes shift, (approximately 171 nm), low limit of detection (LOD = 0.11 μM) and quantum yield (0.211). The probe with low cytotoxic behavior demonstrates strong NIR fluorescence imaging capabilities to visualize endogenous and exogenous N2H4 in live cells. This mitochondria-targetable probe shows effective subcellular localization. These results suggest that HBT-Cy is a valuable probe for tracking and investigating the behavior of N2H4 in biological systems and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Oguz
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Konya 42250, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Erdemir
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Konya 42250, Turkey
| | - Sait Malkondu
- Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Giresun 28200, Turkey
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12
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Dai H, Zeng H, Li H, Long J, Wei Ng K, Wang Y, Xu B, Shi G, Chi Z, Liu C. Manipulation of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer by electron-donor substitution for high performance fluoride ions sensing. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 306:123530. [PMID: 37931495 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) molecules has been using as a variety of functionalityled molecular systems. To investigate the relationship between the electron-donor substitution and luminescent properties of ESIPT luminogens, four 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole derivatives with donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A)-structured were synthesized. The distinct fluorescence properties of them were found to be highly dependent on the electron-donor moiety (triphenylamine and anthracenyl), its substituent position (para and meta position) and solvent polarity. The M-TPA, P-En, and M-En showed ESIPT emission in organic solvents, while the P-TPA showed intramolecular charge transfer process (ICT) emission. It is due to the synergistic effect of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and ESIPT, that M-TPA and M-En exhibited high solid-state quantum yields and large Stokes shifts. They were used as a probe for detecting F-, which resulted in rapid colorimetric, high sensitivity and good selectivity. The M-TPA was a turn-on fluorescent probe, which had the best detection property, and the limit of detection was as low as 11 nM. Because M-TPA displayed phenol anion emission in DMSO and F- causes the deprotonation of the M-TPA, which led to significant red shift of the absorption band and enhancement of fluorescence emission. This work provides a reliable strategy for designing high-performance fluorescent sensor via ESIPT manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dai
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huiwen Zeng
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hualiu Li
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Long
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kar Wei Ng
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, PR China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bingjia Xu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang Shi
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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13
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Wu Y, Huang H, Jing F, Wang Y, Chen S, Wang L, Li Y, Hou S. A fluorescent probe based on the ESIPT (excited state intramolecular proton transfer) mechanism for rapid detection of endogenous and exogenous H 2O 2 (hydrogen peroxide) in cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 304:123394. [PMID: 37714104 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the important reactive oxygen species in the body and can be used as a marker of some diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop fluorescent probes that can detect H2O2 in living organisms for early diagnosis of diseases. However, slow response time and low fluorescence quantum yield limit the application of many probes. In this study, using 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) as the fluorophore, the introduction of weakly absorbing bromine atoms can accelerate the speed of electron transfer during the recognition process. Three ESIPT (excited state intramolecular proton transfer) fluorescent probes JLO/JLM/JLP were designed and synthesized. The detection of H2O2 can be achieved with all three probes, and we screened a probe JLO with the fastest response time (30 min) and highest fluorescence quantum yield (Ф = 0.731). The probe also has a large Stokes shift, which can reduce fluorescence self-absorption and background interference, and also has a high sensitivity, which is designed to accurately detect endogenous and exogenous H2O2 in living cells, which has great potential for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hanling Huang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fengyang Jing
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shijun Chen
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yiyi Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shicong Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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14
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Peng HY, Zhang G, Sun R, Xu YJ, Ge JF. ESIPT-based fluorescent enhanced probes prompted by methylated β-cyclodextrin for the detection of thiophenols. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 302:123012. [PMID: 37329832 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiophenol and its derivatives are compounds with high toxicity to organisms and environmental pollution, so it is necessary to detect the level of thiophenols in the environment and biological samples. The probes 1a-b were obtained by introducing the 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether group into diethylcoumarin-salicylaldehyde based compounds. And they can form host-guest compounds with methylated β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD), the association constants of inclusion complexes are 49.2 M-1, 125 M-1 respectively. The fluorescence intensities of probes 1a-b at 600 nm (1a) and 670 nm (1b) increased significantly in thiophenols detection. Meanwhile, with the addition of M-β-CD, the hydrophobic cavity of M-β-CD significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of probes 1a-b, thus the detection limits of probes 1a-b to thiophenols were reduced from 410 nM, 365 nM to 62 nM, 33 nM respectively. Whereas, the good selectivity and short response time of probes 1a-b towards thiophenols was not affected in the presence of M-β-CD. Moreover, probes 1a-b were used for further water sample detection and HeLa cell imaging experiments due to their good response to thiophenols and the results suggested that probes 1a-b had the potential to detect the content of thiophenols in water samples and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Peng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ru Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian-Feng Ge
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
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15
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Dangi V, Kandhal J, Gupta A, Baral M, Kanungo BK. Pyrogallol-based dipodal optical probe as new smart analytical tool for sustainable detection of cobalt in biosystem. Methods 2023; 220:79-89. [PMID: 37956725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research focuses on the micro-level detection of cobalt ions in biological and environmental samples using a new probe. The probe is a multifunctional symmetrical dipodal molecule with two pyrogallol binding units attached to the malonate scaffold through a propylene spacer. It was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, electronic spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The molecule's binding, thermodynamic, and photophysical properties are also described. The designed probe demonstrates an excellent sensing ability for Co(II) based on the ESIPT "OFF-ON" fluorescence mechanism. The experiments explore the high selectivity of the ligand for cobalt sensing over a wide range of metal ions of biological and environmental importance. The fluorescence intensity shows a linear response to Co(II) in 5-100 μM concentration with a detection limit of 8.75 x 10-5 and a 2.65-fold enhancement in the intensity. These results establish its potential application as a fluorescence sensor. The probe is also employed as a colorimetric sensor for the qualitative determination of cobalt ions in DMSO solution. The interesting behavior of the probe motivated us further to study its coordination properties with divalent cobalt in solution. The pre-organized assembly with an appropriate cavity size favors the ligand for an efficient Co(II) encapsulation by coordinating through imine-Ns and aromatic ring-Os donors, giving high formation constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Dangi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
| | - Jyoti Kandhal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Dronacharya Govt. College, Gurgaon 122001, India
| | - Minati Baral
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India.
| | - B K Kanungo
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Insititute of Engineering & Technology, Punjab, India
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16
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Zhu D, Yao W, Ren A. A Reaction-Based ESIPT Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Hg 2+ with Large Stokes Shift. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03508-5. [PMID: 37987982 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel reaction-based fluorescent probe 1 for Hg2+ was designed and synthesized. 1 was almost nonfluoresent due to inhibition of the ESIPT process between hydroxy group and imid carbonyl oxygen by diphenylphosphinothioate group. After reacting with Hg2+, the fluorescence intensity of 1 exhibited significant enhancement owing to recovery of the ESIPT process via Hg2+-promoted desulfurization-hydrolysis of the diphenylphosphinothioate moiety and cleavage of the P-O bond. 1 not only showed rapid response, high sensitivity, excellent selectivity for Hg2+ over other metal ions, but also could detect Hg2+ with large Stokes shift (165 nm), which was attributed to the ESIPT process. Moreover, the reaction mechanism was fully validated by absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, fluorescence color as well as ESI-MS analysis. 1 is the reaction-based ESIPT fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg2+ with large Stokes shift, rapid response, high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqin Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, People's Republic of China
| | - Aishan Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Sarkar S, Shil A, Maity S, Jung YL, Dai M, Acharya A, Ahn KH. A General Strategy Toward pH-Resistant Phenolic Fluorophores for High-Fidelity Sensing and Bioimaging Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311168. [PMID: 37700529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Aryl alcohol-type or phenolic fluorophores offer diverse opportunities for developing bioimaging agents and fluorescence probes. Due to the inherently acidic hydroxyl functionality, phenolic fluorophores provide pH-dependent emission signals. Therefore, except for developing pH probes, the pH-dependent nature of phenolic fluorophores should be considered in bioimaging applications but has been neglected. Here we show that a simple structural remedy converts conventional phenolic fluorophores into pH-resistant derivatives, which also offer "medium-resistant" emission properties. The structural modification involves a single-step introduction of a hydrogen-bonding acceptor such as morpholine nearby the phenolic hydroxyl group, which also leads to emission bathochromic shift, increased Stokes shift, enhanced photo-stability and stronger emission for several dyes. The strategy greatly expands the current fluorophores' repertoire for reliable bioimaging applications, as demonstrated here with ratiometric imaging of cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Suman Maity
- Department of Chemistry and Bioinspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Yun Lim Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingchong Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Atanu Acharya
- Department of Chemistry and Bioinspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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18
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Singh AK, Mengji R, Nair AV, Shah SS, Avijit J, Singh NDP. Photoactivable AIEgen-based Lipid-Droplet-Specific Drug Delivery Model for Live Cell Imaging and Two-Photon Light-Triggered Anticancer Drug Delivery. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:4372-4382. [PMID: 37791981 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic complex organelles involved in various physiological processes, and their number and activity are linked to multiple diseases, including cancer. In this study, we have developed LD-specific near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nano-drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on chalcone derivatives for cancer treatment. The reported nano-DDSs localized inside the cancer microenvironment of LDs, and upon exposure to light, they delivered the anticancer drug valproic acid in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. The developed systems, namely, 2'-hydroxyacetophenone-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-valproic (HA-DAB-VPA) and 2'-hydroxyacetophenone-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde-valproic (HA-DPB-VPA) ester conjugates, required only two simple synthetic steps. Our reported DDSs exhibited interesting properties such as excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomena, which provided advantages such as AIE-initiated photorelease and ESIPT-enhanced rate of photorelease upon exposure to one- or two-photon light. Further, colocalization studies of the nano-DDSs by employing two cancerous cell lines (MCF-7 cell line and CT-26 cell line) and one normal cell line (HEK cell line) revealed LD concentration-dependent enhanced fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, systematic investigations of both the nano-DDSs in the presence and absence of oleic acid inside the cells revealed that nano-DDS HA-DPB-VPA accumulated more selectively in the LDs. This unique selectivity by the nano-DDS HA-DPB-VPA toward the LDs is due to the hydrophobic nature of the diphenylaminobenzaldehyde (mimicking the LD core), which significantly leads to the aggregation and ESIPT (at 90% volume of fw, ΦF = 20.4% and in oleic acid ΦF = 24.6%), respectively. Significantly, we used this as a light-triggered anticancer drug delivery model to take advantage of the high selectivity and accumulation of the nano-DDS HA-DPB-VPA inside the LDs. Hence, these findings give a prototype for designing drug delivery models for monitoring LD-related intracellular activities and significantly triggering the release of LD-specific drugs in the biological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakesh Mengji
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asha V Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk Sheriff Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Jana Avijit
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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19
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Li W, Wang Y, Zhou P. Theoretical Investigation on the "ON-OFF" Mechanism of a Fluorescent Probe for Thiophenols: Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Intramolecular Charge Transfer. Molecules 2023; 28:6921. [PMID: 37836764 PMCID: PMC10574459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the sensing mechanism of (2E,4E)-5-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1-(2-(2,4dinitrophenoxy)phenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one (DAPH-DNP) towards thiophenols was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The DNP group plays an important role in charge transfer excitation. Due to the typical donor-excited photo-induced electron transfer (d-PET) process, DAPH-DNP has fluorescence quenching behavior. After the thiolysis reaction between DAPH-DNP and thiophenol, the hydroxyl group is released, and DAPH is generated with the reaction showing strong fluorescence. The fluorescence enhancement of DAPH is not caused by an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. The potential energy curves (PECs) show that DAPH-keto is less stable than DAPH-enol. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) of DAPH show that the excitation process is accompanied by intramolecular charger transfer (ICT), and the corresponding character of DAPH was further confirmed by hole-electron and interfragment charge transfer (IFCT) analysis methods. Above all, the sensing mechanism of the turn-on type probe DAPH-DNP towards thiophenol is based on the PET mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (W.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenzhi Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (W.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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20
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Rymbai LD, Klausmeyer KK, Farmer PJ. The case for an oxidopyrylium intermediate in the mechanism of quercetin dioxygenases. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112343. [PMID: 37549474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The quercetin dioxygenases (QDOs) are unusual metalloenzymes in that they display ring-opening dioxygenase activity with several different first-row transition metal ions which do not undergo redox changes during turnover. The QDOs are also unique in that the substrate binds as an η1-flavonolate rather than the η2 -bidentate mode seen in all reported model complexes. The flavonol substrates were early examples of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomena, in which photoexcitation causes an H-atom exchange between the adjacent hydroxyl and ketone, generating an oxidopyrylium emissive state. These oxidopyryliums undergo ring-opening dioxygenations analogous to the enzymatic reactions. Our hypothesis is that lability of the divalent metal ion may allow access to a reactive oxidopyrylium intermediate via coordination switching from the oxy to ketone position, which allows reaction with O2. In this report, we use a straight-forward methylation strategy to generate a panel of flavonol and thioflavonol derivatives modeling several η1- and η2-coordination modes. Methylation of 3-hydroxythioflavone generates an air stable η1 hydroxopyrylium salt, which undergoes rapid ring-opening dioxygenation by deprotonation or photoexcitation. By comparison, the η1-methoxyflavonol does not react with O2 under any condition. We find that any of the studied flavonol derivatives, η1 or η2, which demonstrates ESIPT-like oxidopyrylium emissions undergo QDO-like ring-opening reactions with dioxygen. The implications of these results concerning the mechanism of QDOs and related dioxygenases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasien D Rymbai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Kevin K Klausmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America.
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21
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Urbonavičius A, Krikštolaitytė S, Bieliauskas A, Martynaitis V, Solovjova J, Žukauskaitė A, Arbačiauskienė E, Šačkus A. Synthesis and Characterization of New Pyrano[2,3- c]pyrazole Derivatives as 3-Hydroxyflavone Analogues. Molecules 2023; 28:6599. [PMID: 37764375 PMCID: PMC10537540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an efficient synthetic route from pyrazole-chalcones to novel 6-aryl-5-hydroxy-2-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-ones as 3-hydroxyflavone analogues is described. The methylation of 5-hydroxy-2,6-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one with methyl iodide in the presence of a base yielded a compound containing a 5-methoxy group, while the analogous reaction of 5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-6-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one led to the zwitterionic 6-(N-methylpyridinium)pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol derivative. The treatment of 5-hydroxy-2,6-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one with triflic anhydride afforded a 5-trifloylsubstituted compound, which was further used in carbon-carbon bond forming Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions to yield 5-(hetero)aryl- and 5-carbo-functionalized pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles. The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of 5-hydroxypyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles from the 5-hydroxy moiety to the carbonyl group in polar protic, polar aprotic, and nonpolar solvents was observed, resulting in well-resolved two-band fluorescence. The structures of the novel heterocyclic compounds were confirmed by 1H-, 13C-, 15N-, and 19F-NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arminas Urbonavičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (S.K.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (A.Ž.)
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Sonata Krikštolaitytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (S.K.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Aurimas Bieliauskas
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vytas Martynaitis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (S.K.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Joana Solovjova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (S.K.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (S.K.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (A.Ž.)
- Department of Chemical Biology, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eglė Arbačiauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (S.K.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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22
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Beduru S, Kutateladze AG. Complexity-Building ESIPT-Assisted Synthesis of Fused Polyheterocyclic Sulfonamides. Molecules 2023; 28:6549. [PMID: 37764325 PMCID: PMC10534920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT), originally discovered and explored in depth in a number of extensive photophysical studies, is more recently rediscovered as a powerful synthetic tool, offering rapid access to complex polyheterocycles. In our prior work we have employed ESIPT in aromatic o-keto amines and amides, leading to diverse primary photoproducts-complex quinolinols or azacanes possessing a fused lactam moiety-which could additionally be modified in short, high-yielding postphotochemical reactions to further grow complexity of the heterocyclic core scaffold and/or to decorate it with additional functional groups. Given that sulfonamides are generally known as privileged substructures, in this study we pursued two goals: (i) To explore whether sulfonamides could behave as proton donors in the context of ESIPT-initiated photoinduced reactions; (ii) To assess the scope of subsequent complexity-building photochemical and postphotochemical steps, which give access to polyheterocyclic molecular cores with fused cyclic sulfonamide moieties. In this work we show that this is indeed the case. Simple sulfonamide-containing photoprecursors produced the sought-after heterocyclic products in experimentally simple photochemical reactions accompanied by significant step-normalized complexity increases as corroborated by the Böttcher complexity scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei G. Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA;
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23
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Lv M, Gao Y, Cai Z, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Wang T, Li W. A theoretical study on the excited state behavior of a series of novel triazole pyrimidine group fluorophores: ESIPT or ICT. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 297:122706. [PMID: 37054571 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoropurine analogues are a kind of unnatural bases, which are widely used in chemistry, biological science, pharmacy and other fields. At the same time, fluoropurine analogues of aza-heterocycles play an important role in medicinals research and development. In this work, the excited state behavior of a group of newly developed fluoropurine analogues of aza-heterocycles, triazole pyrimidinyl fluorophores, was comprehensively studied. The reaction energy profiles indicate that excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is difficult to happen, which is further proved by fluorescent spectra results. This work proposed a new and reasonable fluorescence mechanism based on the original experiment, and found that the large Stokes shift of the triazole pyrimidine fluorophore is due to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of the excited state. Our new discovery is of great significance for the application of this group of fluorescent compounds in other fields and the regulation of fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng Lv
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zexu Cai
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Wenze Li
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
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24
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Sun G, Fang H. Fluorescent deactivation behaviors based on ESIPT and TICT of novel double target fluorescent probe and its sensing mechanism for Al 3+/Mg 2+: A TD-DFT study. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 297:122718. [PMID: 37054565 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods with integral equation formula polarized continuum model (IEFPCM), the fluorescent behavior and recognizing mechanism of probe N'-((1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)methylene)isoquinoline-3-carbohydrazide (NHMI) for Al3+/Mg2+ ion were investigated in more detail. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process in probe NHMI occurs in the stepwise pattern. The proton H5 of enol structure (E1) firstly moves from O4 to N6 to form single proton-transfer (SPT2) structure, and then the proton H2 of SPT2 transfers from N1 to N3 to form the stable double proton-transfer (DPT) structure. Subsequently, the transformation from DPT to its isomer (DPT1) induces the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process. Two non-emissive TICT states (TICT1 and TICT2) were obtained, and TICT2 state quenches the fluorescence observed in the experiment. With the addition of aluminum (Al3+) or magnesium (Mg2+) ion, TICT process is prohibited by the coordination interaction between NHMI and Al3+/Mg2+, and the strong fluorescent signal is turned on. For probe NHMI, the twisted C-N single bond of acylhydrazone part leads to the TICT state. This sensing mechanism may inspire researchers to develop new probes from a different direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Bhakta V, Shireen Z, Dey S, Guchhait N. Fluorescence detection of Al 3+ ion in aqueous medium and live cell imaging by ESIPT probe (E)-N'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 297:122749. [PMID: 37116277 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecule (E)-N'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide (BHHB) has been synthesized and its photophysical properties have been investigated by using steady state absorption, emission and time resolved emission spectroscopy. The molecule shows excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process with characteristics large Stoke shifted emission. Fluorescence enhancement of BHHB only in presence of Al3+ ion is used as selective aluminium ion sensor in the sub-nano molar scale in aqueous solution. BHHB-Al3+ ion complex can penetrate through live Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cell membranes and is capable for imaging of nucleus of live cells by fluorescence confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viki Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Zofa Shireen
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
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26
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Chen L, He H, Huang X, Xu H, Yu Y. Control of the fluorescence molecule 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole derivatives by introducing electron-donating and withdrawing substituents groups. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 296:122666. [PMID: 37043917 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), we investigate the fluorescence mechanism of (E)-4-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-methylstyryl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium (HBTMY) and the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer process (ESIPT) of hydroxyphenyl. Herein, we introduce two electron-donating (amino and methoxy) and two electron-withdrawing (hydrogen and cyano) groups into HBTMY to study their effects on the fluorescence and the ESIPT process. Structural parameters, infrared vibration frequency, vertical excitation and emission energies as well as frontier molecular orbitals show that the substituents have different impacts on intramolecular hydrogen bonding behavior. The result shows that the fluorescence wavelength of molecules with the amino group could reach the near-infrared area, which favors using this fluorescence in the living cell. As the ability of electron-absorbing groups increases, the forward energy barrier in the potential energy curves decreases sharply making the ESIPT process more familiar to take place. Thus, this work offers a guide for cell imaging and provides strategies to adjust and control fluorescence by introducing substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Haixiang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Xindi Huang
- Guangxi Institute of Metrology and Test, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Honghong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
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27
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Wan Y, Li Q, Zhu L, Wan Y, Yan L, Guo M, Yin H, Shi Y. Reconsideration of the ESIPT off mechanism for fluorescent probe MNC in aqueous solution. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 301:122945. [PMID: 37301029 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes with excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) properties play a significant role in the research of life science and material science. Guo et al. designed 3-hydroxy-2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one (MNC) as a control to achieve the dual-color fluorescence imaging of lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They deemed that the ESIPT process would be turned off in ER with high water content [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 3169-3179]. However, contrary to the conventional ESIPT off case, the enol* state fluorescence intensity that should have been enhanced was severely quenched in water. Here, combined with ultrafast spectrum, steady-state fluorescence spectrum and potential energy surface, the mechanism of ESIPT process of MNC turned off in water is revised. Furthermore, the formation of aggregated states in water is responsible for the quenching of MNC fluorescence. This work is expected to provide broader ideas for the design of hydrophobic fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yongfeng Wan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Meilin Guo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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28
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Zhao J, Li C, Wei S, Lü C, Zou LW. A multifunctional fluorescent probe based on Schiff base with AIE and ESIPT characteristics for effective detections of Pb 2+, Ag + and Fe 3. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 300:122904. [PMID: 37229941 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three Schiff-based fluorescent probes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and excited intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) characters were synthesized by grafting 2-aminobenzothiazole group onto 4-substituted salicylaldehydes. More important, a rare tri-responsive fluorescent probe (SN-Cl) was developed by purposeful variation of substituents in the molecule. It could selectively identify Pb2+, Ag+ and Fe3+ in different solvent systems or with the help of masking agent and show complete fluorescence enhancement without interference of other ions. Meanwhile, the other two probes (SN-ON and SN-N) could only recognize Pb2+ in DMSO/Tris-HCl buffer (3: 7, v/v, pH = 7.4). According to Job's plot, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and NMR analysis, coordination between SN-Cl and Pb2+/Ag+/Fe3+ was determined. The LOD values for three ions were as low as 0.059 μM, 0.012 μM and 8.92 μM, respectively. Ideally, SN-Cl showed satisfactory performance in real water samples detection and test paper experiments for three ions. Also, SN-Cl could be used as an excellent imaging agent for Fe3+ in HeLa cells. Therefore, SN-Cl has the ability to be a "single fluorescent probe for three targets".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Ciqin Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Sihan Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Chengwei Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China.
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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29
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Mehta R, Kumar S. ESIPT-based dual-emissive perimidine derivative as a rapid and sensitive sensor for Cu 2+ and Al 3+: Construction of memory device, 2-to-1 encoder and 1-to-2 decoder. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 293:122471. [PMID: 36801732 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An ESIPT based fluorescent perimidine derivative oPSDAN was developed and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. The study of the photo-physical properties of the sensor unveiled its selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu2+ and Al3+ ions. The sensing of ions was accompanied by colorimetric change (for Cu2+) as well as emission turn-off response. The binding stoichiometries of sensor oPSDAN with Cu2+ ion and Al3+ ions were determined to be 2:1 and 1:1, respectively. The binding constants and detection limits for Cu2+ and Al3+ were calculated from the UV-vis and fluorescence titration profiles as, 7.1 × 104 M-1, 1.9 × 104 M-1 and 9.89 nM, 1.5 × 10-8 M, respectively. The mechanism was established by 1H NMR as well as mass titrations and was supported by DFT and TD-DFT calculations. The UV-vis and fluorescence spectral results were further utilized for construction of memory device, encoder and decoder. Sensor-oPSDAN was also tested for determining Cu2+ ions in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Multani Mal Modi College, Patiala 147001, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Multani Mal Modi College, Patiala 147001, Punjab, India.
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30
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Feng Y, Huang X, Lv M, Yu Y, Jiang G, He H, Liu J. The two-pronged approach of heteroatoms and substituents to achieve a synergistic regulation of the ESIPT process in amino 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 291:122318. [PMID: 36623347 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amino 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzazole derivatives are a class of molecules with excellent photophysical properties. Most of them can be applied as a fluorescent probe via the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. In this work, we focus on the effects of heteroatoms (O, S) and substituents (acetylacetone, hydrogen) in the derivatives. Using DFT/TDDFT methods with the B3LYP-D3BJ functionals, the absorption and emission peaks are in good agreement with the experimental data. Results of optimized structures, infrared vibrational spectra, and reduced density gradient present the existence of the ESIPT process in the S1 state in these molecules, it also indirectly shows that the heteroatom S is more than O, and the substituent acetylacetone is more than hydrogen has stronger hydrogen bonds. The proton transfer (PT) potential energy curves (PECs) qualitatively show that it is easier for the heteroatom S to induce ESIPT than that of O. The same for the substituent acetylacetone than that of hydrogen. Under the joint influence of the simultaneous stacking of heteroatom S and acetylacetone substituent, the energy barrier of the PT process can be effectively lowered, realizing a synergistic strategy, which can provide some guidance for the design of fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xindi Huang
- Guangxi Institute of Metrology and Test, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Meiheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Gaoshang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Haixiang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Jianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
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Kumar V, Kaur P, Singh K. Julolidine based red emitting ESIPT/AIE active material showing luminescence beyond excimer emission: An "on-off" emission response to Cu 2. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 290:122239. [PMID: 36563439 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new julolidine-fluorene based excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)/aggregate induced emission (AIE) active Schiff-base (JDF) has been synthesized and evaluated for its photophysical properties in solution and aggregated/solid states. The correlation between the emission behavior and the solid state crystal packing structure revealed the interplay of ESIPT coupled excimer reaction occurring in the solid state, which is one of the rare examples reported so far. For a comprehensive comparison, we synthesized a non-ESIPT methyl derivative (JDF-Me) of JDF capable of showing excimer emission only in the solid state. Further, JDF exhibits normal as well as keto emission in solution, upon addition of water, its poor solvent, that promotes aggregation, the fluorescence emission shows the preponderance of the excimer band in the low energy region. It was also interesting to note that in the solid state (thin films), JDF shows emission beyond the excimer emission, which is wavelength dependent. This is attributed to the formation of diverse clusters leading to the extended delocalization beyond excimers, and represents a clustering-triggered emission ascribing bright red color to the solid JDF. Such mélange of emission characteristics of JDF are responsible for the multicolor emission covering a broad range of electromagnetic spectrum, which is demonstrated by the confocal microscopy images of the JDF recorded in different states. Further, in its aggregated state, JDF recognized Cu2+ ions, selectively, manifested in the form of emission quenching via the interaction of Cu2+ ions with the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of JDF inhibiting the excimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Paramjit Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| | - Kamaljit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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32
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Cai H, Lu H, Liu B, Sun C, Zhao X, Zhao D. Regulating the photophysical properties of ESIPT-based fluorescent probes by functional group substitution: a DFT/TDDFT study. J Mol Model 2023; 29:126. [PMID: 37016199 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent years, fluorescent probe technology has received more and more attention. However, the photophysical and photochemical properties of probe molecules still need to be further explored. This paper presents the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) processes and photophysical properties of the probe molecule 4-bromo-2-((E)-((Z)-((5-bromo-1H-indol-2-yl) methylene) hydrazono) methyl) phenol (BHPL) and its four derivatives (BHPL2, BHPL3, BHPL4, and BHPL5). Infrared spectra and geometric structure analyses revealed that introducing the -NH2 group on the benzene ring with the hydroxyl group will enhance the intramolecular hydrogen bond, which benefits the ESIPT process. Combining their absorption and fluorescence spectra, it can be concluded that BHPL2 and BHPL4 are both excellent probe candidates due to their large Stokes shift. The hole and electron and root mean square displacement analyses manifest that the fluorescence quenching of BHPL4 may be due to the intramolecular charge transfer process. Potential energy curves of BHPL and its four derivatives noted that ESIPT process of the BHPL2 is the most favorable to occur. The frontier molecular orbital and NBO analyses indicated that besides introducing electron-donating groups to reduce the energy gap and enhance fluorescence emission, introducing double electron-withdrawing groups can also achieve this effect, explaining why the energy barrier of ESIPT process for BHPL2 is lower than BHPL5. This work would provide the theoretical basis for designing novel fluorescence probes with more prominent properties. METHODS The ground (S0) and excited (S1) state structures of all compounds were optimized by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TDDFT) method, with B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level, respectively. The infrared spectra and potential energy curves were simulated at the same theoretical level. The reduced density gradient scatter plots and interaction region indicator isosurfaces were drawn using Multiwfn and VMD programs. The absorption and fluorescence spectra were simulated by the TDDFT/B3PW91/6-311+G(d,p) method. All the calculations in this work are carried out in Gaussian 16 program package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Cai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hui Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Baipei Liu
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Stoerkler T, Retailleau P, Jacquemin D, Ulrich G, Massue J. Heteroaryl-Substituted Bis-Anils: Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Derivatives with Tunable ESIPT Emission Color and pH Sensitivity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203766. [PMID: 36524677 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The two-step synthesis, structural, and photophysical properties of a series of heteroaryl-substituted bis-anil derivatives presenting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) coupled with an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process is described. The fluorescence color of the aggregates can be fine tuned by changing the electronic nature of the peripheral substitution, leading to a wide range of emission wavelengths (from green to the near infra-red). Moreover, upon introduction of strong electron-withdrawing groups such as cyano (CN), a competition between ESIPT and deprotonation is observed leading to the emission of the anionic species at low water percentage. This observation led to the synthesis of an additional mixed AIE fluorophore, functionalized by methoxy groups on one side and cyano groups on the other side. Upon addition of water, this dye displays first anionic emission, followed by typical AIE/ESIPT red fluorescence upon formation of the aggregates. TD-DFT calculations on selected AIE dyes were performed to rationalize the nature of the emissive transitions in these derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Stoerkler
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO) UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Service de Cristallographie Structurale, ICSN-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât. 27, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO) UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Julien Massue
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO) UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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Frizon TEA, Salla CAM, Grillo F, Rodembusch FS, Câmara VS, Silva HC, Zapp E, Junca E, Galetto FZ, de Costa AM, Pedroso GJ, Chepluki AA, Saba S, Rafique J. ESIPT-based benzazole-pyromellitic diimide derivatives. A thermal, electrochemical, and photochemical investigation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 288:122050. [PMID: 36495682 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of new pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) derivatives obtained in good yields from the reaction between pyromellitic dianhydride and aminobenzazoles reactive to proton-transfer in the excited state (ESIPT). In this investigation, a non-ESIPT PMDI was also prepared for comparison. These compounds presented absorption maxima in the ultraviolet region attributed to the allowed 1π-π* electronic transitions. Redshifted absorptions were observed for the ESIPT compounds (3b-3c) due to their π-extended conjugation if compared to the non-ESIPT dye (3a). The compounds presented fluorescence emissions between 300 and 600 nm, dependent on the solvent polarity and their chemical structures. While compound 3a presents a single emission, a dual fluorescence could be observed for compounds 3b-3c. As expected for ESIPT compounds, the emission at higher energies could be related to the excited enol conformer (E*), and the emission with a large Stokes shift was attributed to the keto tautomer (K*). All compounds presented fluorescence emission in the solid state, whereas the ESIPT derivatives presented redshifted emissions with a large Stokes shift, as expected. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of these compounds. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels were estimated at -5.40 to -5.00 eV and -2.84 to -2.62 eV, and good thermal stability (Td > 150 °C) was observed. Quantum chemical calculationsusingTD-DFT and DFT were performed to investigate the electronic and photophysical features of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago E A Frizon
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil.
| | - Cristian A M Salla
- Physics Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Grillo
- Department of Materials and Metallurgy, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Fabiano S Rodembusch
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Viktor S Câmara
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique C Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Zapp
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Junca
- University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fábio Z Galetto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Angélica M de Costa
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela J Pedroso
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Antonio A Chepluki
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Wang Y, Yan Q, Wang Z, Xu H. A flavonol-derived fluorescent probe for highly specific and sensitive detection of hydrazine in actual environmental samples and living zebrafish. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 288:122132. [PMID: 36442340 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine (N2H4) is a significant chemical reagent and widely applied in industrial field, which can bring potential risk to environmental safety and human health due to its high toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. In this paper, a flavonol-derived fluorescent probe named TB-N2H4 was rationally developed for detecting N2H4 based on the excited intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) principle. TB-N2H4 exhibited a remarkable fluorescence turn-on response toward N2H4 with a large Stokes shift of 191 nm. Moreover, TB-N2H4 could selectively recognize N2H4 over other competitive analytes, and displayed high sensitivity toward N2H4 with a low detection limit of 0.117 μM. The sensing mechanism of the probe TB-N2H4 for N2H4 was confirmed by theoretical calculation and HRMS analysis. This probe was able to quantitatively determine N2H4 in environmental water and soil samples. Additionally, TB-N2H4 was also successfully utilized for real-time tracking of the distribution of N2H4 in living zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Qi Yan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Zhonglong Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Haijun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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36
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Wen J, Xia Y, Ding S, Liu Y. Theoretical investigation of the Zn 2+ detection mechanism based on the quinoline derivative of the Schiff-base receptor. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 287:122123. [PMID: 36423505 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sensing mechanism of the quinoline-derived Schiff base HL (concentrated from 8-hydroxyquinoline with 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) as a highly selective fluorescent probe for Zn2+ was investigated by theoretical calculations with DFT and TDDFT. The conformations of the HL molecule, its ketone form and its Zinc complex structure, were optimized in the ground and excited states. The systems have been studied in depth in terms of structural parameters, frontier molecular orbitals, absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as potential energy curves analysis and approximately density gradient analysis. The present theoretical calculations propose a different detection mechanism from that proposed experimentally. The theoretical results predict that the fluorescence quenching in HL is attributed to the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) rather than the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) of benzene to electrons. When Zn2+ is introduced, Zn2+ takes the place of the H atom, creating a complex that blocks the ESIPT reaction and restores fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Wen
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yong Xia
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Sha Ding
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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Wu X, Shi W, Yang Y, Zhao D, Li Y. Multi-targeted fluorescent probes for detection of Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions based on ESIPT mechanism. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 287:122051. [PMID: 36347078 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of industry, it is pretty critical to detect the heavy metals. Recently, the 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole derivatives with different numbers of rotatable phenyl m (m = 1,2,3) fluorescent probes HLm were synthesized. However, the theoretical analysis of the mechanism was still missing. In this work, we have systematically researched the mechanisms of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and the detection of Cu(II), Zn(II) ions for the hydrogen-bond system HLm though quantum chemistry methods. By bond parameters and the minimum energy pathways analyses, the proton of this system was probed directly transfer without barrier. Bond parameters, real space function at bond critical point, the frontier molecular orbital, electron spectra and orbital interaction diagram were carried to elucidate response to Cu(II), Zn(II) ions. In addition, comparing the Gibbs free energy variation of the complexation reaction between fluorescent probes and ions, it can be proved that the number of rotatable benzene rings affects the response ability of the probe to target ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Donghui Zhao
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Yongqing Li
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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Shekhovtsov NA, Nikolaenkova EB, Ryadun AA, Samsonenko DG, Tikhonov AY, Bushuev MB. ESIPT-Capable 4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(Pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-Imidazoles with Single and Double Proton Transfer: Synthesis, Selective Reduction of the Imidazolic OH Group and Luminescence. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041793. [PMID: 36838780 PMCID: PMC9962989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
1H-Imidazole derivatives establish one of the iconic classes of ESIPT-capable compounds (ESIPT = excited state intramolecular proton transfer). This work presents the synthesis of 1-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazole (LOH,OH) as the first example of ESIPT-capable imidazole derivatives wherein the imidazole moiety simultaneously acts as a proton acceptor and a proton donor. The reaction of LOH,OH with chloroacetone leads to the selective reduction of the imidazolic OH group (whereas the phenolic OH group remains unaffected) and to the isolation of 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazole (LH,OH), a monohydroxy congener of LOH,OH. Both LOH,OH and LH,OH demonstrate luminescence in the solid state. The number of OH···N proton transfer sites in these compounds (one for LH,OH and two for LOH,OH) strongly affects the luminescence mechanism and color of the emission: LH,OH emits in the light green region, whereas LOH,OH luminesces in the orange region. According to joint experimental and theoretical studies, the main emission pathway of both compounds is associated with T1 → S0 phosphorescence and not related to ESIPT. At the same time, LOH,OH also exhibits S1 → S0 fluorescence associated with ESIPT with one proton transferred from the hydroxyimidazole moiety to the pyridine moiety, which is not possible for LH,OH due to the absence of the hydroxy group in the imidazole moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A. Shekhovtsov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.A.S.); (A.Y.T.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Elena B. Nikolaenkova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Ryadun
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Denis G. Samsonenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexsei Ya. Tikhonov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.A.S.); (A.Y.T.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Mark B. Bushuev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.A.S.); (A.Y.T.); (M.B.B.)
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Devasia J, Joy F, Nizam A. A Selective Excited-State Intramolecular-Proton-Transfer ( ESIPT) Sensor for Copper(II) Based on Chelation-Enhanced Quenching and "Off-On" Detection of Amino Acids. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203652. [PMID: 36750756 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of 2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl)phenol (TPI-9) as an interesting fluorescent molecule displaying Excited-State Intramolecular-Proton-Transfer (ESIPT) with stokes shift of 120 nm. Phenolic compounds with the ability to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds and subsequent proton transfer are known as ESIPT fluorophores. Proton accepting ability can increase significantly by tailoring electron-donating groups. With the assistance of an environment-friendly organocatalyst, 10-camphor sulfonic acid (10-CSA), TPI-9 was synthesized to introduce substituents with electron-donating abilities to develop an efficient ESIPT mechanism. Factors influencing the emission, such as solvent, pH, and metal ions, are investigated. Quenching of fluorescence by Cu2+ through chelation enhancement quenching effect with a high selectivity allowed the establishment of a Cu2+ sensor with an LoD of 0.57 ppm and a ratiometric estimation with an LoD of 0.73 ppm. Metal binding (2 : 1) stoichiometry and quenching constant (0.0072 mol-1 s-1 ) are calculated from Job's and Stern-Volmer plots. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are in accordance with the experimental results. Competitive replacement of TPI-9 by amino acids restores ESIPT, consequently, the fluorescence. Thus, an "off-on" fluorescence sensor for amino acid estimation is developed under 1 minute incubation. A linear relationship between amino acid concentration and fluorescence intensity is in 0-20 μg/mL range, and the LoD is less than 2.2 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothis Devasia
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur road, DRC post, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Francis Joy
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur road, DRC post, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Aatika Nizam
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur road, DRC post, Bangalore, 560029, India
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Bag R, Sikdar Y, Sahu S, Majharul Islam M, Mandal S, Goswami S. Experimental and Theoretical Exploration of ESIPT in a Systematically Constructed Series of Benzimidazole Based Schiff Base Probes: Application as Chemosensors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203399. [PMID: 36749107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have utilized 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (HBI) to synthesize 3-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzaldehyde (HBIA) followed by three Schiff bases by using -ortho (H2 BIo), -meta (H3 BIdm) and -para (H2 BIp) substituted amino benzoic acids and studied their photophysical properties. We have successfully derived molecular structures of HBI, HBIA and H3 BIdm which reveals that in HBI and HBIA, the phenolic -OH is intramolecularly hydrogen bonded with sp2 N of benzimidazole group whereas in H3 BIdm, it is hydrogen bonded with imine C=N of Schiff base moiety, which is responsible for different solid state emission properties of the reported compounds. Extensive experimental and theoretical studies show that for all three Schiff bases, in solution due to activation of C=N isomerization, ESIPT operates through benzimidazole site and displays different emission from the solid state. Furthermore, H2 BIo, H3 BIdm and H2 BIp selectively sense Cu2+ in semi aqueous medium with nano-molar detection limit and in HuH-7 cells through the inhibition of ESIPT of process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Bag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Yeasin Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
- Department of Chemistry, The Bhawanipur Education Society College, 5, Lala Lajpat Rai Sarani, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Sutapa Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Md Majharul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sanchita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
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Szemik-Hojniak A, Deperasińska I, Erez Y, Gawłowska M, Jerzykiewicz L. Ultrafast excited state dynamics of pyridine N-oxide derivative in solution; femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion and theoretical calculations. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 285:121896. [PMID: 36183536 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have investigated 2-ethylamino-4-nitro-6-methyl pyridine N-oxide (2E6M) molecule that belongs to important group of Proton Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) compounds where both the charge transfer (CT) and proton transfer processes in excited states may proceed. In this case, this is possible due to the donors and acceptors of electrons and protons in this system, as well as due to the presence of intramolecular {N-H… O [2,566(3) Å}, hydrogen bond.Using stationary and time-resolved spectroscopy, as well as quantum chemical calculations on the DFT and TD DFT B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level of theory, a partial CT nature of the S0 → S1 transition in both tautomeric forms (N and T) has been revealed. Additionally, the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process shown to be more favorable in apolar and weakly polar solvents than in strongly polar acetonitrile (EN(S1) > ET(S1). The displacement of charge from the amine group and the ring to the nitro group has been observed on the changing shapes of the HOMO and LUMO orbitals involved in this transition what further quantitatively allowed to realize the increase in the dipole moment of both forms in the electronic excited state. The calculations show that in two solvents with radically different polarity (heptane, acetonitrile), dipole moments of both forms are very similar [in acetonitrile uN(S1) and uT(S1) are 11.0 D and 11.5 D, respectively]. Hence, in polar media both forms can be stabilized in a comparable manner. This made it difficult for us to assign a single fluorescent band in acetonitrile to one of the tautomeric forms. However, it seems that due to application of time-resolved spectroscopy, this problem has been clarified. The TCSPC decay curve in acetonitrile with an ultrafast lifetime assigned to the (N) form, along with the femtosecond up-conversion signals that demonstrated only an ultrafast decay without any rise-time of a new excited (T) species, allowed us to conclude that in 2E6M in strongly polar solvent the ESIPT does not occur.The unique fluorescence band origins from the (N) form. In protic solvents, the significant kinetic isotopic effects have provided us with conclusive evidence for the presence of the solvent-assisted ESIPT process. Furthermore, it was noticed that the fluorescence lifetime in D2O (100-120 fs) estimated from the up-conversion signals is about 40 times shorter relative to methanol. This may suggest that the sine qua non for the ESIPT process in 2E6M in protic solvents is the formation of a complex with a solvent molecule in the hydrogen bridge between the proton donor and proton acceptor, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szemik-Hojniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14 st, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; The Angelus Silesius State University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Health, Zamkowa 4 str 58-300 Wałbrzych, Poland.
| | - Irena Deperasińska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46,02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yuval Erez
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Monika Gawłowska
- The Angelus Silesius State University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Health, Zamkowa 4 str 58-300 Wałbrzych, Poland
| | - L Jerzykiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14 st, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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42
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Jurek P, Jędrzejewska H, Rode MF, Szumna A. Recognition-Induced Enhanced Emission of Core-Fluorescent ESIPT-type Macrocycles. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203116. [PMID: 36214211 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Core-fluorescent cavitands based on 2-(2'-resorcinol)benzimidazole fluorophores (RBIs) merged with the resorcin[4]arene skeleton were designed and synthesized. The cavitands, due to the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and increased acidity, show excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and readily undergo deprotonation to form dianionic cavitands, capable of strong binding to organic cations. The changes in fluorescence are induced by deprotonation and binding events and involve huge Stokes shifts (due to emission from anionic double keto tautomers) and cation-selective enhancement of emission originating from the restriction of intramolecular motion (RIR) upon recognition in the cavity. Ab initio calculations indicate that the macrocyclic scaffold stabilizes the ground state tautomeric forms of the fluorophores that are not observed for non-macrocyclic analogs. In the excited state, the emitting forms for both macrocyclic scaffolds and non-macrocyclic analogs are anionic double keto tautomers, which are the result of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) or excited state double proton transfer (ESDPT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jurek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Jędrzejewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał F Rode
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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Wróblewski T, Ushakou D. Stepwise Excited-state Double Proton Transfer and Fluorescence Decay Analysis. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:103-111. [PMID: 36271973 PMCID: PMC9892138 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This work considers excited state intramolecular proton transfers (ESIPT) occurred in multiple hydroxyl-containing compounds with one proton transfer site in the normal form. If several hydroxyl groups are located close to each other in a molecule, then the ESIPT process can lead to the next one. A proton donor site in the first ESIPT will be a proton acceptor during the second reaction. Therefore, a number of consecutive excited state proton transfers can occur. This work deals with the case of two successive proton transfers occurred in the molecular system. Such process is called as a stepwise excited state intramolecular double proton transfer (stepwise ESIDPT). It leads to the formation of two molecular tautomers. Therefore, fluorescence of such compounds can contain different emission bands correspond to emission of normal form and two tautomers. In this work, a rigorous analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics has been made using the model with three species, including a normal molecular form and two tautomers. The work presents theoretical framework of fluorescence decay analysis of ESIDPT process taking into account three species emission. Theoretically, the stepwise proton transfers can be consisted of more than two ESIPT reactions. It depends on molecular structure and number of involved hydroxyl groups. Here, a formal analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics has been made in the case of a stepwise process consisting of two proton transfers. Moreover, the quantum-chemical calculations have been performed in the case of scutellarein. It is a multiple hydroxyl-containing flavone and, therefore, it can be applied as a model molecule to study stepwise intramolecular proton transfers. The hypothetical scheme of ESIDPT has been proposed for this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wróblewski
- Institute of Exact and Technical Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, str. Arciszewskiego 22b, Słupsk, 76-200, Poland
| | - Dzmitryi Ushakou
- Institute of Exact and Technical Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, str. Arciszewskiego 22b, Słupsk, 76-200, Poland.
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Li Y, Dahal D, Pang Y. Fluorescence Lifetimes of NIR-Emitting Molecules with Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010125. [PMID: 36615319 PMCID: PMC9822172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular probes based on the excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) mechanism have emerged to be attractive candidates for various applications. Although the steady-state fluorescence mechanisms of these ESIPT-based probes have been reported extensively, less information is available about the fluorescence lifetime characteristics of newly developed NIR-emitting dyes. In this study, four NIR-emitting ESIPT dyes with different cyanine terminal groups were investigated to evaluate their fluorescence lifetime characteristics in a polar aprotic solvent such as CH2Cl2. By using the time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) method, these ESIPT-based dyes revealed a two-component exponential decay (τ1 and τ2) in about 2-4 nanoseconds (ns). These two components could be related to the excited keto tautomers. With the aid of model compounds (5 and 6) and low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy (at -189 ℃), this study identified the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as one of the major factors that influenced the τ values. The results of this study also revealed that both fluorescence lifetimes and fractional contributions of each component were significantly affected by the probe structures.
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Zhuang H, Shi W, Zhao G, Yang Y, Li Y. Unveiling the sensing mechanism and luminescence property of a new ESIPT-based fluorescent sensor for detecting Zn 2. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 282:121650. [PMID: 35926285 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, based on the mechanism of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), a new fluorescent probe named 3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-5-bromosalicylaldehyde-4N-phenyl thiosemicarbazone (BTT) was successfully synthesized [Analyst 146 (2021) 4348-4356.]. However, the importance of ESIPT processes of BTT probe and the mechanism of detecting Zn2+ ions have not been studied in detail. In this study, the photochemical behavior of ESIPT-chromophore and the photophysical changes of detecting Zn2+ ions were explained at the molecular level for the first time. The calculated spectral values were in agreement with the experiment. We not only confirmed the excited state hydrogen-bond strengthening by interaction region indicator (IRI), but also scanned the potential energy curves of BTT molecule in different electronic states, which confirmed that the hydrogen proton is easier to transfer in the first excited state. In addition, we had given the reasonable structure of the BTT-Zn2+ complex (L1) by comparing the binding free energies. The hole-electron distribution and interfragment charge transfer (IFCT) methods proved the excitation type of intraligand charge transfer (ILCT). Finally, the photophysical phenomenon of BTT for detecting Zn2+ ions is explained by calculating the electronic spectra and the energy gap (Egap) between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhuang
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Guijie Zhao
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Li
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China.
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Tang Z, Wang X, Liu R, Zhou P. Theoretical Investigations on the Sensing Mechanism of Phenanthroimidazole Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Selenocysteine. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238444. [PMID: 36500535 PMCID: PMC9735982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The level of selenocysteine (Sec) in the human body is closely related to a variety of pathophysiological states, so it is important to study its fluorescence sensing mechanism for designing efficient fluorescent probes. Herein, we used time-dependent density functional theory to investigate the fluorescence sensing mechanism of phenanthroimidazole derivates A4 and B4 for the detection of Sec, which are proposed to be designed based on excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanisms. The calculation results show that the fluorescence quenching mechanism of A4 and B4 is due to the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process with the sulfonate group acts as the electron acceptor. Subsequently, A4 and B4 react with Sec, the sulfonate group is substituted by hydroxyl groups, PET is turned off, and significant fluorescence enhancement of the formed A3 and B3 is observed. The theoretical results suggest that the fluorescence enhancement mechanism of B3 is not based on ICT mechanism, and the charge transfer phenomenon was not observed by calculating the frontier molecular orbitals, and proved to be a local excitation mode. The reason for the fluorescence enhancement of A3 based on ESIPT is also explained by the calculated potential energy curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Runze Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (P.Z.)
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Tomczyk MM, Przypis Ł, Shiraki T, Kusz J, Książek M, Janas D, Kuźnik N. Surprising Solid-State ESIPT Emission from Apparently Ordinary Salicyliden Glycinates Schiff Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited-State Intramolecular Photon Transfer (ESIPT) is known for the geometry-related phenolic and imine groups. The Schiff bases formed upon condensation of salicyl aldehyde and glycine led to the formation of ESIPT models. A series of alkali metal salicyliden glycinates were analyzed by X-ray diffraction of their monocrystals and spectroscopy measurements. The X-ray analysis revealed varied hydration levels between the salts. They adapted trans geometry on the imine groups and mostly anticlinal conformation with the neighboring atoms, which is different from the other structurally-related compounds in literature. Fluorescence of these compounds was found for the crystalline forms only. Protonation of the imine nitrogen atom and further proton distribution was consistent with the ESIPT theory, which also explained the observed fluorescence with the highest Stokes shift of 10,181 cm-1 and 10.1% of fluorescence quantum yield for the sodium salt.
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Rode MF, Nedeltcheva-Antonova D, Antonov L. Long-Range Proton Transfer in 7-Hydroxy-Quinoline-Based Azomethine Dyes: A Hidden Reason for the Low Efficiency. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36500317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the tautomeric Schiff bases, derived from 7-hydroxyquinoline, two competitive channels are possible upon excitation of the enol tautomer, namely proton transfer (PT) through intramolecular hydrogen bonding to the corresponding keto form and trans-cis isomerization around the azomethine double bond. The former leads to switching, based on twist-assisted excited state intramolecular PT, where the long-range proton transfer can occur as a targeted process. The latter, determined by the flexibility of the crane part, reduces the efficiency of the main targeted process. In previously studied molecular switches based on the 7-hydroxyquinoline skeleton, only the intramolecular PT photo-process undergoing from the excited enol form towards the keto tautomer, which is in most cases barrierless, has been discussed. Therefore, in the current study, the ground state PT properties and isomerization of (E)-8-((phenylimino)methyl)quinolin-7-ol and (E)-8-(((pentafluorophenyl)imino)methyl)quinolin-7-ol are investigated in depth using the MP2 methodology, while the excited state energy profiles are calculated with the ADC(2) method. The obtained results are discussed in light of the existing experimental data.
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Huang S, Han X, Liu Y, Huang P, Deng KY, Wu FY. A Reversible Fluorescent Probe Based on a Redox-Switchable Excited-State Intramolecular Proton-Transfer Active Metal-Organic Framework for Detection and Imaging of Highly Reactive Oxygen Species in Live Cells. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:5165-5173. [PMID: 36239223 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Detection and imaging of highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) in biological systems using fluorescent probes are critical for the study of physiological and pathological processes induced by hROS. Herein, we report a redox-active luminescent metal-organic framework (MOF), which incorporates a hydroquinone moiety that can undergo a reversible transformation from the hydroquinone to the quinone by hROS like •OH and ClO-. Moreover, the intrinsic fluorescence originating from the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) property of the organic linker can be finely regulated during this redox-switchable process. A reversible fluorescent probe for hROS is thus developed. The presented probe shows a sensitive, selective, and reversible response to hROS due to the integration of excellent structural characteristics and unique spectral properties of the MOF. The detection limits of •OH and ClO- are 0.22 and 0.18 μM, respectively. Furthermore, with good photostability and super biocompatibility, this simple yet efficient fluorescent probe has been successfully applied to dynamic monitoring of endogenous and exogenous •OH and ClO- in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xinhao Han
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fang-Ying Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Ali R, Ghannay S, Messaoudi S, Alminderej FM, Aouadi K, Saleh SM. A Reversible Optical Sensor Film for Mercury Ions Discrimination Based on Isoxazolidine Derivative and Exhibiting pH Sensing. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:1028. [PMID: 36421146 PMCID: PMC9688351 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new optical sensor for tracing Hg(II) ions. The detection affinity examines within a concentration range of 0-4.0 µM Hg(II). The sensor film is based on Methyl 2-hydroxy-3-(((2S,2'R,3a'S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5,5'-dimethyl-4'-oxotetrahydro-2'H-spiro[cy-clohexane-1,6'-im-idazo[1,5-b]isoxazol]-2'-yl)methyl)-5-methylbenzoate (IXZD). The novel synthesized compound could be utilized as an optical turn-on chemosensor for pH. The emission intensity is highly enhanced for the deprotonated form concerning the protonated form. IXZD probe has a characteristic fluorescence peak at 481 nm under excitation of 351 nm with large Stocks shift of approximately 130 nm. In addition, the binding process of IXZD:Hg(II) presents a 1:1 molar ratio which is proved by the large quench of the 481 nm emission peak of IXZD and the growth of a new emission peak at 399 nm (blue shift). The binding configurations with one Hg(II) cation and its electronic characteristics were investigated by applying the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. Density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) theoretical results were provided to examine Hg(II)-IXZD structures and their electronic properties in solution. The developed chemical sensor was offered based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The sensor film has a significantly low limit of detection (LOD) for Hg(II) of 0.025 μM in pH 7.4, with a relative standard deviation RSDr (1%, n = 3). Lastly, the IXZD shows effective binding affinity to mercury ions, and the binding constant Kb was estimated to be 5.80 × 105 M-1. Hence, this developed optical sensor film has a significant efficiency for tracing mercury ions based on IXZD molecule-doped sensor film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt
| | - Siwar Ghannay
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabri Messaoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaïss Aouadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Sayed M. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43721, Egypt
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