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Otegui MBP, Brauko KM, Oortman MS, Pagliosa PR. Body traits variation of a reef building polychaete across a latitudinal gradient. Mar Environ Res 2024; 194:106334. [PMID: 38176119 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Body size is considered the most important trait in ecology, and as such, helps to understand the species-environment interactions. We explored the relationship between body traits and environmental variables along a gradient range using the polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata, with well-defined and diversified morphological structures. Measurements of five traits (body length, opercular crown, branchiae, tentacles and building organ sizes) were taken at nine sites along the Southwestern Atlantic coast and their relationships to temperature, salinity, tidal range, waves height, and dissolved oxygen were assessed. Our results demonstrate that traits were influenced by the environmental gradient and temperature was the main factor that drives this variation in body traits, while the other variables showed a minor influence on this. The approach showed patterns of variation of body traits in a macroscale context, increasing the understanding of its relationships with environmental variables and eventual shifts in the distribution in the future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B P Otegui
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CCB, Núcleo de Estudos do Mar, Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Kalina M Brauko
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CCB, Núcleo de Estudos do Mar, Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Oortman
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CCB, Núcleo de Estudos do Mar, Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Pagliosa
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CCB, Núcleo de Estudos do Mar, Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CFM, Coordenadoria Especial de Oceanografia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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2
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Nweze JE, Šustr V, Brune A, Angel R. Functional similarity, despite taxonomical divergence in the millipede gut microbiota, points to a common trophic strategy. Microbiome 2024; 12:16. [PMID: 38287457 PMCID: PMC10823672 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many arthropods rely on their gut microbiome to digest plant material, which is often low in nitrogen but high in complex polysaccharides. Detritivores, such as millipedes, live on a particularly poor diet, but the identity and nutritional contribution of their microbiome are largely unknown. In this study, the hindgut microbiota of the tropical millipede Epibolus pulchripes (large, methane emitting) and the temperate millipede Glomeris connexa (small, non-methane emitting), fed on an identical diet, were studied using comparative metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. RESULTS The results showed that the microbial load in E. pulchripes is much higher and more diverse than in G. connexa. The microbial communities of the two species differed significantly, with Bacteroidota dominating the hindguts of E. pulchripes and Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota) in G. connexa. Despite equal sequencing effort, de novo assembly and binning recovered 282 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from E. pulchripes and 33 from G. connexa, including 90 novel bacterial taxa (81 in E. pulchripes and 9 in G. connexa). However, despite this taxonomic divergence, most of the functions, including carbohydrate hydrolysis, sulfate reduction, and nitrogen cycling, were common to the two species. Members of the Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) were the primary agents of complex carbon degradation in E. pulchripes, while members of Proteobacteria dominated in G. connexa. Members of Desulfobacterota were the potential sulfate-reducing bacteria in E. pulchripes. The capacity for dissimilatory nitrate reduction was found in Actinobacteriota (E. pulchripes) and Proteobacteria (both species), but only Proteobacteria possessed the capacity for denitrification (both species). In contrast, some functions were only found in E. pulchripes. These include reductive acetogenesis, found in members of Desulfobacterota and Firmicutes (Bacillota) in E. pulchripes. Also, diazotrophs were only found in E. pulchripes, with a few members of the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria expressing the nifH gene. Interestingly, fungal-cell-wall-degrading glycoside hydrolases (GHs) were among the most abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) expressed in both millipede species, suggesting that fungal biomass plays an important role in the millipede diet. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results provide detailed insights into the genomic capabilities of the microbial community in the hindgut of millipedes and shed light on the ecophysiology of these essential detritivores. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Eyiuche Nweze
- Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Šustr
- Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Andreas Brune
- RG Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roey Angel
- Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czechia.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia.
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Yang Y, Callaham MA, Wu X, Zhang Y, Wu D, Wang D. Gut microbial communities and their potential roles in cellulose digestion and thermal adaptation of earthworms. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166666. [PMID: 37657540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Adaptations to temperature and food resources, which can be affected by gut microbiota, are two main adaptive strategies allowing soil fauna to survive in their habitats, especially for cold-blooded animals. Earthworms are often referred to as ecosystem engineers because they make up the biggest component of the animal biomass found in the soil. They are considered as an important indicator in the triangle of soil quality, health and functions. However, the roles of gut microbiota in the environmental adaptation of earthworms at a large scale remain obscure. We explored the gut bacterial communities and their functions in the environmental adaptation of two widespread earthworm species (Eisenia nordenskioldi Eisen and Drawida ghilarovi Gates) in Northeast China (1661 km). Based on our findings, the alpha diversity of gut bacterial communities decreased with the increase of latitude, and the gut bacterial community composition was shaped by both mean annual temperature (MAT) and cellulose. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes, recognized as the predominant cellulose degraders, were keystone taxa driving gut bacterial interactions. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes were influenced by MAT and cellulose, and had higher contributions to gut total cellulase activity. The optimal temperature for total cellulase in the gut of E. nordenskioldi (25-30 °C) was lower than that of D ghilarovi (40 °C). The gut microbiota-deleted earthworms had the lowest cellulose degradation rate (1.07 %). The cellulose was degraded faster by gut bacteria from the host they were derived, indicating the presence of home field advantage of cellulose decomposition. This study provides a foundation for understanding the biotic strategies adopted by earthworms when they enter a new habitat, with gut microbiota being central to food digestion and environmental adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Mac A Callaham
- USDA, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Forest Disturbance Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Donghui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, 130024, China
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Katsiaras N, Evagelopoulos A, Simboura N, Atsalaki A, Koutsoubas D. Functional traits of polychaetes change between different types of Posidonia oceanica habitats. Mar Environ Res 2022; 181:105731. [PMID: 36075157 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Meadows of Posidonia oceanica harbor rich biodiversity and ecosystem functions, yet Biological Traits Analysis on the resident benthic communities are lacking. This study aims to provide insight on the functional diversity of polychaetes communities, a dominant benthic group, between the different habitat types of P. oceanica (plain meadow, strips/patches and dead matte), as well as pilot indicators of habitat modification. The results showed how specific traits relate to the different habitat types. Plain meadow was different to strips/patches and dead matte in functional composition, diversity and thus, the ecosystem functions involved. However, an overlap was observed in functional composition between dead matte and living P. oceanica, due to the remaining matte structure. This highlights the importance of the former on ecosystem functioning and the serious consequences of its current exclusion from conservational legislation. In addition, the classification of species to ecosystem engineering types showed interesting potential as an indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Katsiaras
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7km Athinon-Souniou Ave, Anavissos, 19013, Greece; Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece.
| | - A Evagelopoulos
- Fisheries Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Nea Peramos, Kavala, 64007, Greece
| | - N Simboura
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7km Athinon-Souniou Ave, Anavissos, 19013, Greece
| | - A Atsalaki
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - D Koutsoubas
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
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Rozwalak P, Podkowa P, Buda J, Niedzielski P, Kawecki S, Ambrosini R, Azzoni RS, Baccolo G, Ceballos JL, Cook J, Di Mauro B, Ficetola GF, Franzetti A, Ignatiuk D, Klimaszyk P, Łokas E, Ono M, Parnikoza I, Pietryka M, Pittino F, Poniecka E, Porazinska DL, Richter D, Schmidt SK, Sommers P, Souza-Kasprzyk J, Stibal M, Szczuciński W, Uetake J, Wejnerowski Ł, Yde JC, Takeuchi N, Zawierucha K. Cryoconite - From minerals and organic matter to bioengineered sediments on glacier's surfaces. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150874. [PMID: 34627905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cryoconite is a mixture of mineral and organic material covering glacial ice, playing important roles in biogeochemical cycles and lowering the albedo of a glacier surface. Understanding the differences in structure of cryoconite across the globe can be important in recognizing past and future changes in supraglacial environments and ice-organisms-minerals interactions. Despite the worldwide distribution and over a century of studies, the basic characteristics of cryoconite, including its forms and geochemistry, remain poorly studied. The major purpose of our study is the presentation and description of morphological diversity, chemical and photoautotrophs composition, and organic matter content of cryoconite sampled from 33 polar and mountain glaciers around the globe. Observations revealed that cryoconite is represented by various morphologies including loose and granular forms. Granular cryoconite includes smooth, rounded, or irregularly shaped forms; with some having their surfaces covered by cyanobacteria filaments. The occurrence of granules increased with the organic matter content in cryoconite. Moreover, a major driver of cryoconite colouring was the concentration of organic matter and its interplay with minerals. The structure of cyanobacteria and algae communities in cryoconite differs between glaciers, but representatives of cyanobacteria families Pseudanabaenaceae and Phormidiaceae, and algae families Mesotaeniaceae and Ulotrichaceae were the most common. The most of detected cyanobacterial taxa are known to produce polymeric substances (EPS) that may cement granules. Organic matter content in cryoconite varied between glaciers, ranging from 1% to 38%. The geochemistry of all the investigated samples reflected local sediment sources, except of highly concentrated Pb and Hg in cryoconite collected from European glaciers near industrialized regions, corroborating cryoconite as element-specific collector and potential environmental indicator of anthropogenic activity. Our work supports a notion that cryoconite may be more than just simple sediment and instead exhibits complex structure with relevance for biodiversity and the functioning of glacial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rozwalak
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland; Geohazards Research Unit, Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Podkowa
- Department of Avian Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Buda
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto S Azzoni
- Department of Earth Sciences, "Ardito Desio", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baccolo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge L Ceballos
- Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies, IDEAM, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Joseph Cook
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Biagio Di Mauro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Venice, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, University Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Dariusz Ignatiuk
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Earth Sciences, Bedzinska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Piotr Klimaszyk
- Department of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Łokas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Masato Ono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ivan Parnikoza
- State Institution National Antarctic Center of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mirosława Pietryka
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Francesca Pittino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ewa Poniecka
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota L Porazinska
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dorota Richter
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Steven K Schmidt
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Pacifica Sommers
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Juliana Souza-Kasprzyk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Stibal
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Witold Szczuciński
- Geohazards Research Unit, Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jun Uetake
- Field Research Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Łukasz Wejnerowski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacob C Yde
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Nozomu Takeuchi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Krzysztof Zawierucha
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
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Pereira F, Piló D, Carvalho AN, Rufino M, Moura P, Vasconcelos P, Gaspar MB. Epibiont assemblages on limpet shells: Biodiversity drivers in intertidal rocky shores. Mar Environ Res 2022; 174:105556. [PMID: 35026724 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Limpet shells can harbour a high diversity of species. Individuals of four limpet species (Patella depressa, Patella ulyssiponensis, Patella vulgata and Siphonaria pectinata) were collected monthly during one year in southern Portugal. Epibiont organisms were identified, counted and the percentage cover of facilitator taxa was also recorded. A total of 86 taxa were identified with abundance reaching 674 epibionts on a single basibiont shell. P. ulyssiponensis showed the highest epibiont species diversity and richness while P. depressa and P. vulgata showed similar diversity and richness. P. depressa had a more even epibiotic community mainly due to higher densities of Chthamalus sp. Overall, basibiont species was the key factor determining the epibiotic community, followed by month/season and erect algae. The presence of erect algae potentiated the epibionts diversity on limpet shells, whereas the occurrence of barnacles tended to decrease it and the presence of crustose algae had no significant effect on epibionts diversity. These findings shed further light on the biological and ecological complex relationships among keystone species inhabiting intertidal rocky shores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pereira
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal.
| | - David Piló
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal; Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - André N Carvalho
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Marta Rufino
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho Nº 6, 1495-006, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Moura
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Paulo Vasconcelos
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Miguel B Gaspar
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal; Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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O'Neill HM, Twiss SD, Stephens PA, Mason THE, Ryrholm N, Burman J. The importance of direct and indirect trophic interactions in determining the presence of a locally rare day-flying moth. Oecologia 2022; 198:531-542. [PMID: 34999944 PMCID: PMC8858923 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ecosystem engineers affect other organisms by creating, maintaining or modifying habitats, potentially supporting species of conservation concern. However, it is important to consider these interactions alongside non-engineering trophic pathways. We investigated the relative importance of trophic and non-trophic effects of an ecosystem engineer, red deer, on a locally rare moth, the transparent burnet (Zygaena purpuralis). This species requires specific microhabitat conditions, including the foodplant, thyme, and bare soil for egg-laying. The relative importance of grazing (i.e., trophic effect of modifying microhabitat) and trampling (i.e., non-trophic effect of exposing bare soil) by red deer on transparent burnet abundance is unknown. We tested for these effects using a novel method of placing pheromone-baited funnel traps in the field. Imago abundance throughout the flight season was related to plant composition, diversity and structure at various scales around each trap. Indirect effects of red deer activity were accounted for by testing red deer pellet and trail presence against imago abundance. Imago abundance was positively associated with thyme and plant diversity, whilst negatively associated with velvet grass and heather species cover. The presence of red deer pellets and trails were positively associated with imago abundance. The use of these sites by red deer aids the transparent burnet population via appropriate levels of grazing and the provision of a key habitat condition, bare soil, in the form of deer trails. This study shows that understanding how both trophic and non-trophic interactions affect the abundance of a species provides valuable insights regarding conservation objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen M O'Neill
- Centre for Environmental Research Innovation and Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, Ireland. O'
| | - Sean D Twiss
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Philip A Stephens
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Tom H E Mason
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, CH-6204, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Nils Ryrholm
- Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and 44 Sustainable Development, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Joseph Burman
- Ecology Research Group, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, England
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McInerney PJ, Doody TM, Davey CD. Invasive species in the Anthropocene: Help or hindrance? J Environ Manage 2021; 293:112871. [PMID: 34058455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Under predicted climate change scenarios many parts of the world will be hotter. Higher temperature extremes present significant physiological challenges to ectothermic freshwater species that cannot regulate body temperature. Willows (Salix spp.) are highly invasive deciduous northern hemisphere shrubs and trees that have colonised riparian zones of southern hemisphere streams. Non-native willows are criticised for their high consumption of water and their capacity to form dense monostands along the margins and within waterways that limit light to streams in summer, alter the timing and quality of allochthonous inputs and modify ecosystem function. As such, governments invest heavily in the removal of willows from streams in order to preserve ecosystem integrity. Although detrimental effects of non-native willows are well documented, little attention has been focussed on consideration of potential ecosystem services that non-native willow infestation may provide under predicted climate warming. Here, we use a case study to illustrate that shading by non-native willows can provide thermal refugia for temperature sensitive endemic taxa and we provide a holistic approach to non-native willow removal that may provide benefits to aquatic species amid changing climate. We present a simple decision matrix for prioritising willow removal activities that may be applied to other invasive species and we discuss traditional views of invasive species management and river restoration and their relevance in a rapidly warming world. The concepts we discuss are of immediate relevance to environmental managers challenged with maintaining and restoring ecosystems that are rapidly changing in structure and function in response to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J McInerney
- CSIRO Land and Water, Thurgoona, NSW, 2640, Australia; Institute of Land Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Thurgoona, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Tanya M Doody
- CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Chris D Davey
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC, 3685, Australia
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Gilson AR, Davies AJ. Habitat modification by Ascophyllum canopy negatively impacts macrofaunal communities on soft-sediment shores. Mar Environ Res 2020; 162:105193. [PMID: 33068921 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Canopy-forming macroalgae are known to act as ecosystem engineers, altering the physical parameters of the local environment, and as a result, driving changes in local biodiversity. Although a large body of evidence exists regarding macroalgal canopies on intertidal rocky shores, little is known regarding attached perennial species in soft sediment environments. The aim of this study was to assess whether the presence of an Ascophyllum nodosum canopy altered physical parameters, leading to the formation of different environmental conditions in the areas around the canopy and whether this led to changes in the local community. Sediment cores were taken in canopy-present and canopy-absent treatments at four sites over four sampling periods covering winter (November and January) through to spring (March and May) to assess modification of seven physical parameters: particle size, sand/silt/clay content, chlorophyll a, organic carbon, pore water content and temperature, as well as for macrofaunal diversity. Results revealed significant differences between treatments for all variables with the exception of clay content. Areas below the canopy were dominated by a high abundance of opportunistic species indicating a more disturbed environment, with increased levels of organic enrichment, anoxia and scouring found to be the principal sources of physical disturbance. In conclusion, differences in abiotic parameters between canopy and non-canopy areas in soft-sediment environments were driven both directly and indirectly by the presence of the algal canopy. This facilitated an alternative community composition that enhanced biodiversity within algal-sediment shores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby R Gilson
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK.
| | - Andrew J Davies
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK.
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10
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Cozzolino L, Nicastro KR, Zardi GI, de Los Santos CB. Species-specific plastic accumulation in the sediment and canopy of coastal vegetated habitats. Sci Total Environ 2020; 723:138018. [PMID: 32213414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste has become ubiquitous in ecosystems worldwide. Few, recent studies report evidence of coastal vegetated habitats acting as sink for plastics, yet assessments have been completed either for macro or microplastics and focussing on just one type of vegetated habitat. Here, we investigated the role of marine coastal vegetated habitats as sinks for macro (≥5 mm) and microplastics (<5 mm) through a comprehensive, multi-habitat approach. We assessed the occurrence, abundance and physical properties of macro and microplastics in the canopy and superficial sediment of two intertidal (seagrass Zostera noltei, saltmarsh Sporobolus maritimus) and two subtidal (mixed seagrass meadows of Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera marina, rhizophytic macroalga Caulerpa prolifera) habitats in the Ria Formosa lagoon (Portugal). Our results showed that coastal vegetated habitats trapped macro and microplastics in the sediment at variable degrees (1.3-17.3 macroplastics 100 m-2, and 18.2-35.2 microplastics kg-1). Macroplastics accumulated in all vegetated habitat but not in nearby unvegetated areas, yet only S. maritimus habitat presented a significant trapping effect. Microplastics occurred in the sediment of all vegetated and unvegetated areas with similar abundances and high variability. Microplastics, all of type fibre, were recorded on all canopies except for S. maritimus. Overall, the trapping capacity of microplastics in the sediment and on the canopy was higher for subtidal than for intertidal vegetated habitats. We conclude that generalizations in the trapping effect of coastal vegetated areas should be done with caution, since it may be highly variable and may depend on the plastic size, habitat and tidal position. Since these habitats support a high biodiversity, they should be included in assessments of plastic debris accumulation and impacts in coastal areas. Further research, including experimental studies, is needed to shed more light on the role of coastal vegetated habitats as plastic sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cozzolino
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences of Algarve, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences of Algarve, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Carmen B de Los Santos
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences of Algarve, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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11
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Tang F, Kemp JS, Aldridge DC. Life on the edge: Compensatory growth and feeding rates at environmental extremes mediates potential ecosystem engineering by an invasive bivalve. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:135741. [PMID: 31791790 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Invasive non-native species (INNS) with marine or brackish origins have become increasingly common occupying freshwater habitats. The transition of INNS from marine or brackish water into physiologically stressful freshwater environments may be facilitated by compensatory growth and elevated feeding rates. In this study, we investigate the capacity of the Gulf wedge clam (Rangia cuneata), a brackish NNS that is spreading quickly across European waterways, to survive in freshwater conditions and consider its resultant impacts as an ecosystem engineer. To investigate the performance of R. cuneata under freshwater conditions, we compared the population structure, the physiological condition, and the growth of R. cuneata collected from its distributional limits in Great Britain. Feeding rate of R. cuneata was quantified by conducting a reciprocal transfer experiment with a two-way factorial design on individuals obtained from the freshwater and saline extremes. R. cuneata density was almost 10-fold higher at its most saline distributional limit (213 individual m-2, 3.1‰) compared to its most freshwater limit (22 individuals m-2, 1.2‰). The impaired physiological condition (18.7% lower relative soft tissue mass and 26.4% lower shell mass) and the lack of juvenile individuals also suggests that the R. cuneata inhabiting the freshwater extreme may not be able to maintain a persistent population over the long term. Although R. cuneata at its freshwater extreme were under stress, the per capita impacts caused by these individuals were not weakened at the suboptimal conditions, evidenced by their elevated growth and over four times as high relative clearance rate (0.28 L-1 g-1 h-1) compared to those from the saline limit (0.06 L-1 g-1 h-1). This study demonstrates that under suboptimal conditions, the physiological responses of INNS may result in elevated per capita effects which may lead to unexpected or under-estimated impacts on recipient ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QY, United Kingdom.
| | - Justin S Kemp
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QY, United Kingdom.
| | - David C Aldridge
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QY, United Kingdom; BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge CB2 1RL, United Kingdom.
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12
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Sadchatheeswaran S, Moloney CL, Branch GM, Robinson TB. Blender interstitial volume: A novel virtual measurement of structural complexity applicable to marine benthic habitats. MethodsX 2019; 6:1728-1740. [PMID: 31388506 PMCID: PMC6676375 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Blender interstitial volume is a novel method that utilizes 3D modeling techniques to accurately and efficiently quantify the volume of interstitial gaps in marine benthic habitats, as well as the space provided by substrate rugosity. This method builds upon the analog methods routinely used on rocky shores and intertidal habitats, including those that measure rugosity, topography, fractals and volume. The method provides a direct Euclidean measurement and uniquely allows retrospective analysis if historical data on species composition are available. Blender interstitial volume allows users to quickly build and measure a large number of samples at no extra cost. The program for Blender is free and opensource, and requires no extra equipment. Once 3D models of species are made, the entire method takes less than ten minutes to complete. Blender interstitial volume is as accurate as Fractal analysis in determining structural complexity on rocky shores, but is more consistent and precise, and better at discerning differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saachi Sadchatheeswaran
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Corresponding author.
| | - Coleen L. Moloney
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - George M. Branch
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Tamara B. Robinson
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Ingrosso G, Abbiati M, Badalamenti F, Bavestrello G, Belmonte G, Cannas R, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Bertolino M, Bevilacqua S, Bianchi CN, Bo M, Boscari E, Cardone F, Cattaneo-Vietti R, Cau A, Cerrano C, Chemello R, Chimienti G, Congiu L, Corriero G, Costantini F, De Leo F, Donnarumma L, Falace A, Fraschetti S, Giangrande A, Gravina MF, Guarnieri G, Mastrototaro F, Milazzo M, Morri C, Musco L, Pezzolesi L, Piraino S, Prada F, Ponti M, Rindi F, Russo GF, Sandulli R, Villamor A, Zane L, Boero F. Mediterranean Bioconstructions Along the Italian Coast. Adv Mar Biol 2018; 79:61-136. [PMID: 30012277 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine bioconstructions are biodiversity-rich, three-dimensional biogenic structures, regulating key ecological functions of benthic ecosystems worldwide. Tropical coral reefs are outstanding for their beauty, diversity and complexity, but analogous types of bioconstructions are also present in temperate seas. The main bioconstructions in the Mediterranean Sea are represented by coralligenous formations, vermetid reefs, deep-sea cold-water corals, Lithophyllum byssoides trottoirs, coral banks formed by the shallow-water corals Cladocora caespitosa or Astroides calycularis, and sabellariid or serpulid worm reefs. Bioconstructions change the morphological and chemicophysical features of primary substrates and create new habitats for a large variety of organisms, playing pivotal roles in ecosystem functioning. In spite of their importance, Mediterranean bioconstructions have not received the same attention that tropical coral reefs have, and the knowledge of their biology, ecology and distribution is still fragmentary. All existing data about the spatial distribution of Italian bioconstructions have been collected, together with information about their growth patterns, dynamics and connectivity. The degradation of these habitats as a consequence of anthropogenic pressures (pollution, organic enrichment, fishery, coastal development, direct physical disturbance), climate change and the spread of invasive species was also investigated. The study of bioconstructions requires a holistic approach leading to a better understanding of their ecology and the application of more insightful management and conservation measures at basin scale, within ecologically coherent units based on connectivity: the cells of ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ingrosso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Abbiati
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Beni Culturali (DBC), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Badalamenti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Marine Ecology Laboratory, Castellammare del Golfo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bavestrello
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Genuario Belmonte
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Cannas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Stanislao Bevilacqua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Nike Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marzia Bo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Boscari
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Frine Cardone
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cau
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Renato Chemello
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chimienti
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Congiu
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corriero
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Costantini
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Francesco De Leo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
| | - Luigia Donnarumma
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Giangrande
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Flavia Gravina
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guarnieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mastrototaro
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Morri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Musco
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Marine Ecology Laboratory, Castellammare del Golfo, Italy
| | - Massimo Ponti
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fulvio Russo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Sandulli
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Villamor
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zane
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Boero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Genova, Italy
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Pickering TR, Poirier LA, Barrett TJ, McKenna S, Davidson J, Quijón PA. Non-indigenous predators threaten ecosystem engineers: Interactive effects of green crab and oyster size on American oyster mortality. Mar Environ Res 2017; 127:24-31. [PMID: 28336053 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-indigenous green crabs (Carcinus maenas) are emerging as important predators of autogenic engineers like American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) throughout the eastern seaboard of Canada and the United States. To document the spreading distribution of green crabs, we carried out surveys in seven sites of Prince Edward Island during three fall seasons. To assess the potential impact of green crabs on oyster mortality in relation to predator and prey size, we conducted multiple predator-prey manipulations in the field and laboratory. The surveys confirmed an ongoing green crab spread into new productive oyster habitats while rapidly increasing in numbers in areas where crabs had established already. The experiments measured mortality rates on four sizes of oysters exposed to three sizes of crab, and lasted 3-5 days. The outcomes of experiments conducted in Vexar® bags, laboratory tanks and field cages were consistent and were heavily dependent on both crab size and oyster size: while little predation occurred on large oysters, large and medium green crabs preyed heavily on small sizes. Oysters reached a refuge within the 35-55 mm shell length range; below that range, oysters suffered high mortality due to green crab predation and thus require management measures to enhance their survival. These results are most directly applicable to aquaculture operations and restoration initiatives but have implications for oyster sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Pickering
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Luke A Poirier
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Timothy J Barrett
- Minnow Environmental Inc., 159 Water Street, St. Andrews, NB, E5B 1A7, Canada
| | - Shawn McKenna
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Jeff Davidson
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Pedro A Quijón
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Kobak J, Poznańska M, Jermacz Ł, Kakareko T, Prądzynski D, Łodygowska M, Montowska K, Bącela-Spychalska K. Zebra mussel beds: an effective feeding ground for Ponto-Caspian gobies or suitable shelter for their prey? PeerJ 2016; 4:e2672. [PMID: 27896025 PMCID: PMC5119280 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregations of the Ponto-Caspian invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) constitute a suitable habitat for macroinvertebrates, considerably increasing their abundance and providing effective antipredator protection. Thus, the overall effect of a mussel bed on particular predator species may vary from positive to negative, depending on both prey density increase and predator ability to prey in a structurally complex habitat. Alien Ponto-Caspian goby fish are likely to be facilitated when introduced into new areas by zebra mussels, provided that they are capable of utilizing mussel beds as habitat and feeding grounds. We ran laboratory experiments to find which prey (chironomid larvae) densities (from ca. 500 to 2,000 individuals m−2) in a mussel bed make it a more beneficial feeding ground for the racer goby Babka gymnotrachelus (RG) and western tubenose goby Proterorhinus semilunaris (WTG) compared to sandy and stone substrata (containing the basic prey density of 500 ind. m−2). Moreover, we checked how food availability affects habitat selection by fish. Mussel beds became more suitable for fish than alternative mineral substrata when food abundance was at least two times higher (1,000 vs. 500 ind. m−2), regardless of fish size and species. WTG was associated with mussel beds regardless of its size and prey density, whereas RG switched to this habitat when it became a better feeding ground than alternative substrata. Larger RG exhibited a stronger affinity for mussels than small individuals. WTG fed more efficiently from a mussel bed at high food abundances than RG. A literature review has shown that increasing chironomid density, which in our study was sufficient to make a mussel habitat an attractive feeding ground for the gobies, is commonly observed in mussel beds in the field. Therefore, we conclude that zebra mussels may positively affect the alien goby species and are likely to facilitate their establishment in novel areas, contributing to an invasional meltdown in the Ponto-Caspian invasive community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Kobak
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poznańska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Łukasz Jermacz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Tomasz Kakareko
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Daniel Prądzynski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Łodygowska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Karolina Montowska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Karolina Bącela-Spychalska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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16
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Miller RJ, Page HM, Reed DC. Trophic versus structural effects of a marine foundation species, giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Oecologia 2015; 179:1199-209. [PMID: 26358195 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Foundation species create milieus in which ecosystems evolve, altering species abundances and distribution often to a dramatic degree. Although much descriptive work supports their importance, there remains little definitive information on the mechanisms by which foundation species alter their environment. These mechanisms fall into two basic categories: provision of food or other materials, and modification of the physical environment. Here, we manipulated the abundance of a marine foundation species, the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, in 40 × 40-m plots at Mohawk Reef off Santa Barbara, California and found that its biomass had a strong positive effect on the abundance of bottom-dwelling sessile invertebrates. We examined the carbon (C) stable isotope values of seven species of sessile invertebrates in the treatment plots to test the hypothesis that this positive effect resulted from a nutritional supplement of small suspended particles of kelp detritus, as many studies have posited. We found no evidence from stable isotope analyses to support the hypothesis that kelp detritus is an important food source for sessile suspension-feeding invertebrates. The isotope composition of invertebrates varied with species and season, but was not affected by kelp biomass, with the exception of two species: the tunicate Styela montereyensis, which exhibited a slight enrichment in C stable isotope composition with increasing kelp biomass, and the hydroid Aglaophenia sp., which showed the opposite effect. These results suggest that modification of the physical habitat, rather than nutritional subsidy by kelp detritus, likely accounts for increased abundance of sessile invertebrates within giant kelp forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Henry M Page
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Heiner B, Drapela T, Frank T, Zaller JG. Stable isotope 15N and 13C labelling of different functional groups of earthworms and their casts: A tool for studying trophic links. Pedobiologia (Jena) 2011; 54:169-175. [PMID: 30976131 PMCID: PMC4459478 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) have substantial effects on the structure and fertility of soils with consequences for the diversity of plant communities and associated ecosystem functions. However, we still lack a clear understanding of the functional role earthworms play in terrestrial ecosystems, partly because easy-to-use methods to quantify their activities are missing. In this study, we tested whether earthworms and their casts can be dual-labelled with 15N and 13C stable isotopes by cultivating them in soil substrate amended with 15N ammonium nitrate and 13C-glucose. Additionally, we also wanted to know whether (i) earthworms from different functional groups (soil-feeders vs. litter-feeders) and their casts would differ in their incorporation of stable isotopes, (ii) if enrichment levels are higher if the same amount of isotopes is applied in one dose or in staggered doses, and (iii) if isotopic enrichment in casts changes when they are stored in a conditioning cabinet or in a pot filled with soil placed in a greenhouse. Our findings show the feasibility of dual-labelling tissues and casts of both litter-feeding (Lumbricus terrestris) and soil-feeding (Aporrectodea caliginosa) earthworms using the same method. The advantage of this method is that earthworms and their casts can be labelled under realistic conditions by cultivating them for only four days in soil that received a one-time addition of commercially available stable isotopes instead of offering labelled plant material. In earthworms, the isotopic enrichment remained at a stable level for at least 21 days; labelled casts could be stored for at least 105 days without significantly decreasing their isotopic signals. This simple and efficient method opens new avenues for studying the role of these important ecosystem engineers in nutrient cycling and their functional relationships with other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Drapela
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
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