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Cermisoni GC, Minetto S, Marzanati D, Alteri A, Salmeri N, Rabellotti E, Nova A, Salonia A, Pozzi E, Candiani M, Papaleo E, Pagliardini L. Effect of ejaculatory abstinence period on fertilization and clinical outcomes in ICSI cycles: a retrospective analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103401. [PMID: 37976657 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does ejaculatory abstinence impact fertilization outcomes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles in infertile couples? DESIGN This single-centre retrospective observational study included 6919 ICSI cycles from 2013 to 2022. The primary outcome was the assessment of oocyte fertilization, measured in terms of the rate of formation of two-pronuclear (2PN), 3PN and 1PN zygotes. Secondary outcomes were blastulation, cumulative positive β-human chorionic gonadotrophin test and clinical pregnancy rates. Relationships between ejaculatory abstinence and fertilization outcomes, and ejaculatory abstinence and clinical outcomes were evaluated with multivariable analysis, including possible confounders. RESULTS A positive association was observed between ejaculatory abstinence and semen sample volume (P < 0.001), sperm concentration (P < 0.001) and total motile sperm count (P < 0.001). No association was found between the 1PN zygote rate and ejaculatory abstinence (P = 0.97). Conversely, for each additional day of ejaculatory abstinence, the likelihood of obtaining 2PN zygotes from all inseminated oocytes decreased by 3% [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.99], whilst the likelihood of obtaining 3PN zygotes from all inseminated oocytes increased significantly by 14% (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.22). No significant associations were found between ejaculatory abstinence and blastulation, cumulative pregnancy or miscarriage rates. CONCLUSIONS A longer ejaculatory abstinence period significantly decreases the rate of 2PN zygotes, and increases the rate of 3PN zygotes without directly affect blastulation and pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Cermisoni
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Minetto
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D Marzanati
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Alteri
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - N Salmeri
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Rabellotti
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Nova
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Salonia
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - E Pozzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Candiani
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - E Papaleo
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Pagliardini
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Patel DV, Patel T, Maheshwari N, Soni S, Patel RG. Retrospective Analysis of the First Collection versus the Second Collection in Severe Oligo-asthenoteratozoospermia Cases in Self-Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Patients. J Hum Reprod Sci 2022; 15:138-142. [PMID: 35928462 PMCID: PMC9345271 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_46_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well established that high-quality semen can lead to an improved fertilisation rate. Ejaculatory abstinence (EA) certainly can influence sperm quality such as volume, count, motility and morphology. However, very few studies have addressed the influence of EA on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome and especially in males with severe oligo-asthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) syndrome. Aim: This study was undertaken with the purpose of evaluating the advantage of shorter abstinence period (1-h sequential ejaculation) in males with severe OAT syndrome on total usable embryo rate and thereby emphasising the potential application of consecutive ejaculate. Study Setting and Design: This retrospective cohort study consisted of all the infertile couples undergoing ICSI cycle with the indicated seminal characteristics who had consulted the tertiary care hospital between January 2021 and July 2021. Materials & Methods: All couples in the study had idiopathic male infertility. Retrospectively, two groups were analysed, i.e., Group A with 56 subjects in which first semen sample was used for ICSI cycle and another Group B with 41 subjects in which second semen sample collected within a shorter abstinence period of 1 h was used. Statistical Analysis: The data were descriptively analysed using GraphPad Prism (vs. 9.2). Unpaired t-test and analysis of variance test were used to determine the significance. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The age of female subjects in Group A was 29.9 ± 3.5 years while it was 29.4 ± 3.4 years in Group B. Similarly, the age of male subjects was 32.2 ± 3.6 years and 31.9 ± 4.1 years in Group A and Group B, respectively, with no statistical differences in any gender between the groups (P > 0.05). Apart from initial progressive motility (P = 0.004), none of the parameters such as total volume, total sperm count and morphology were significantly different (P > 0.05) between Group A and samples of Group B. Similarly, parameters such as volume (P = 0.006) and post-wash motility (P < 0.001) were significantly different between Group A and samples of Group B. However, there was no significant difference in sperm count and morphology (P > 0.05). Grade 1 embryos on day 3 were 345 (62.8%) in Group A and 170 (54.3%) in Group B. Overall, the total usable embryos in Group A and Group B were 222 (40.4%) and 148 (47.3%), respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusion: With regard to compromised sperm parameters, our findings do suggest that the second ejaculate is quite relevant to ‘in vitro’ reproductive treatments and a simple request for a second consecutive ejaculate (shorter abstinence period of 1 h) could provide the same results in terms of fertilisation. We observed the increased chances of usable embryos in the second ejaculate group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deven V Patel
- Department of IVF, Sunflower Women's Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Trupti Patel
- Department of IVF, Sunflower Women's Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Naroda Maheshwari
- Department of Clinical, Sunflower Women's Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shradha Soni
- Department of Clinical, Sunflower Women's Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - R G Patel
- Department of Clinical, Sunflower Women's Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Alyethodi RR, Sirohi AS, Karthik S, Tyagi S, Perumal P, Singh U, Sharma A, Kundu A. Role of seminal MDA, ROS, and antioxidants in cryopreservation and their kinetics under the influence of ejaculatory abstinence in bovine semen. Cryobiology 2021; 98:187-193. [PMID: 33476643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite many cryopreservation techniques in bovine semen, various stressors' detrimental effects remain a significant issue. The present study targeted to assess the role of semen quality parameters, sperm function tests, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and different antioxidants in the cryopreservation of bovine semen. Further, the kinetics of lipid peroxidation, ROS, and antioxidants on repeated semen collection under short ejaculatory abstinence were studied. We designed a comparative study where bulls were grouped into good and low freezable semen groups (Freeze-groups) based on their post-thaw motility. All the bulls included had similar initial motility and qualified minimum standards for initial semen parameters viz. semen volume and sperm concentration. The present study detected a higher lipid peroxidation and ROS viz. superoxide anions (•O2-) and a lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the low freeze-group compared to the good freeze-group. The ROS and antioxidants showed unique kinetics on repeated semen collection at short intervals, and no significant change was detected in semen volume, sperm motility, and sperm concentration. This study detected higher head abnormalities and poor acrosome integrity in the low freeze-groups. The present study results indicated that the sperm head might be the most vulnerable part of the sperm to cryopreservation stress. The present study finds significantly higher lipid peroxidation and ROS levels and reduced antioxidant capacity as the primary reasons for low cryopreservability. Further, repeated semen collection with a shorter or lack of abstinence does not impose any significant change in the semen volume and sperm concentration; moreover, it could be beneficial for higher antioxidant levels and lower lipid peroxidation levels. As seminal plasma has both inhibitory and stimulatory roles in sperm function and cryopreservation, identifying the critical role players of seminal plasma and identifying sperm related changes in cryopreservation could predict the cryopreservability potential of semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafeeque R Alyethodi
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, A&N, India.
| | - Ajayvir Singh Sirohi
- Semen Freezing Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, UP, India
| | - S Karthik
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, A&N, India
| | - S Tyagi
- Semen Freezing Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, UP, India
| | - P Perumal
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, A&N, India
| | - Umesh Singh
- Animal Genetics & Breeding Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, UP, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Semen Freezing Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, UP, India
| | - A Kundu
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, A&N, India
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Kabukçu C, Çil N, Çabuş Ü, Alataş E. Effect of ejaculatory abstinence period on sperm DNA fragmentation and pregnancy outcome of intrauterine insemination cycles: A prospective randomized study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 303:269-78. [PMID: 32902676 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the ejaculatory abstinence period on sperm DNA fragmentation and pregnancy rates in IUI cycles. METHODS One hundred and twenty couples with unexplained infertility were prospectively randomized into two groups on the second day of their cycle. In group A, patients had 1-day ejaculatory abstinence period; in group B patients had 3-day ejaculatory abstinence period. Each patient was stimulated with gonadotropins, and IUI was performed. The primary outcome measure was clinical pregnancy and sperm DNA fragmentation rate. RESULTS The pregnancy rate was 17.3% and 18.5% in group A and group B, respectively. No significant difference was found among the groups (p = 0.803). The sperm DNA fragmentation rate for group A (20.71 ± 11.01) and group B (23.78 ± 12.64) were almost similar (p = 0.187). The sperm DNA fragmentation rate was 24.89 ± 12.89 in pregnant couples and 21.71 ± 11.69 in non-pregnant couples (p = 0.288). CONCLUSION Even after a short abstinence period of 1 day, compared to the standard abstinence period of 3 days, pregnancy rates are similar among unexplained infertility couples undergoing ovarian stimulation and IUI. CLINICALTRIALS The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with ID NCT04361292. Date of registration: 27 April 2020. The study was registered retrospectively.
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Scarselli F, Cursio E, Muzzì S, Casciani V, Ruberti A, Gatti S, Greco P, Varricchio MT, Minasi MG, Greco E. How 1 h of abstinence improves sperm quality and increases embryo euploidy rate after PGT-A: a study on 106 sibling biopsied blastocysts. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1591-1597. [PMID: 31325068 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of different ejaculatory abstinence time frames (several days versus 1 h) on semen parameters, blastocysts ploidy rate, and clinical results in assisted reproduction cycles on sibling oocytes. METHODS This is a prospective study including 22 preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cycles performed between November 2015 and December 2018. Male partners with oligoastenoteratozoospermia produced two semen samples on the day of oocyte retrieval: the first one after several days of abstinence and the second, 1 h after the first one. Oocytes from each patient were divided into two groups: those in group 1 were injected with spermatozoa from the first ejaculate (N = 121) and oocytes in group 2 with spermatozoa from the second one (N = 144). Outcomes of aniline blue test, fertilization, blastocyst formation, ploidy rates, and clinical results were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Semen volume resulted lower in the second sperm retrieval. Sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were similar in the two groups. A total of 106 blasotcysts were biospied. Higher blastocyst euploidy rates resulted in group 2 (43.6%) than in group 1 (27.5%). A higher percentage of mature chromatine was observed in group 2. CONCLUSION Using spermatozoa from samples with a shorter abstinence could be a simple method to select higher quality spermatozoa, reducing aneuploidy rate in blastocysts. Prospective randomized controlled trials should be performed to confirm the potential advantage of using semen samples with short abstinence period to improve the outcome of assisted reproduction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Scarselli
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Via Portuense 700, 00149, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Cursio
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Via Portuense 700, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Saverio Muzzì
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Via Portuense 700, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Casciani
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Via Portuense 700, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruberti
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Via Portuense 700, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gatti
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Via Portuense 700, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Greco
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Via Portuense 700, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Giulia Minasi
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Via Portuense 700, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Ermanno Greco
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Via Portuense 700, 00149, Rome, Italy
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Hanson BM, Aston KI, Jenkins TG, Carrell DT, Hotaling JM. The impact of ejaculatory abstinence on semen analysis parameters: a systematic review. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:213-220. [PMID: 29143943 PMCID: PMC5845044 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate recent publications and determine the impact of ejaculatory abstinence on semen analysis parameters as well as fertility outcomes. METHODS This was a systematic review of 28 recent publications. The focus of this study was the impact of abstinence on semen parameters and fertility outcomes in papers published since the year 2000. The specific parameters evaluated were volume, sperm count, motility, morphology, pH, DNA fragmentation rate, viability, and pregnancy or fertilization rates following assisted reproduction. RESULTS Twenty-eight recent publications met inclusion criteria. Analysis of publications showed that longer abstinence is associated with increases in semen volume and sperm count. Studies evaluating the effect of abstinence on motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation rates are contradictory and inconclusive, although a trend appears to exist toward improvements in semen parameters with shorter abstinence. Semen pH was unaffected by abstinence. The majority of publications found no difference in rates of viability with varying abstinence times, although total number of viable sperm increases with increasing abstinence. Some studies evaluating the impact of ejaculatory abstinence on intrauterine insemination (IUI), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and in vitro fertilization (IVF) demonstrated an association between short abstinence and improved outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The impact of abstinence on sperm quality is complex. While certain semen parameters improve with longer abstinence, others appear to improve with shorter abstinence. No clear recommendations can be made regarding ideal abstinence due to the conflicting nature of current evidence. Going forward, more research is needed to evaluate the impact of abstinence on pregnancy and fertilization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M. Hanson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, 50 N Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA
| | - Kenneth I. Aston
- Department of Surgery–Urology, University of Utah Andrology & IVF Laboratories, 675 Arapeen Drive, Suite 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Tim G. Jenkins
- Department of Surgery–Urology, University of Utah Andrology & IVF Laboratories, 675 Arapeen Drive, Suite 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Douglas T. Carrell
- Department of Surgery–Urology, University of Utah Andrology & IVF Laboratories, 675 Arapeen Drive, Suite 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - James M. Hotaling
- Department of Surgery–Urology, University of Utah Center for Reconstructive Urology and Men’s Health, 675 Arapeen Drive, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
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