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Nithya K, Siddaraman R, Sheelajoice PP, Rajarathinam M, Bhopal Chandra V. Biochemical analysis of methanolic extract from Evolvulus alsinoides. Bioinformation 2023; 19:1173-1178. [PMID: 38250531 PMCID: PMC10794760 DOI: 10.6026/973206300191173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Evolvulus alsinoides is a medicinal plant in the Convolvulaceae family. Traditionally, it is used for different ailments in India and in several other countries. It has a variety of pharmacological qualities, including those that aid wound healing, hepato-protection, cardio-protection, anti-diabetic action, asthma, and epilepsy, memory and learning, and neuroprotection. The whole plant is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine to treat neurological disorders, including amnesia, and it is called the brain tonic by them. Therefore, the use of GC-MS in phytochemical research and chemotaxonomic investigations of medicinal plants containing physiologically active components is critical. Hence, the various secondary metabolites from the methanolic extract of E. alsinoides were analyzed using GC-MS technique. The methanolic extract of E. alsinoides yielded ten compounds. All ten compounds showed the highest number of hits. Those with the highest concentration were chosen to identify the qualitative compound. All compounds are non-toxic. Molecules with specific properties are capable of modulating a variety of proteins, including some enzymes. Thus, these molecules are potential hit-to-lead molecules in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnam Nithya
- Department Of Pharmacology, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem (Deemed to be university), Chinna Seeragapadi, Salem - 636308, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajaram Siddaraman
- Department of Pharmacology, VMKV Medical College, Chinna Seeragapadi, Salem - 636308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - PP Sheelajoice
- Department Of Physiology, VMKV Medical College, Chinna Seeragapadi, Salem - 636 308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Rajarathinam
- Department Of Pharmacology, GMKMC Medical College, Shavapet Salem 636002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shidhi PR, Nadiya F, Biju VC, Vijayan S, Sasi A, Vipin CL, Janardhanan A, Aswathy S, Rajan VS, Nair AS. Complete chloroplast genome of the medicinal plant Evolvulus alsinoides: comparative analysis, identification of mutational hotspots and evolutionary dynamics with species of Solanales. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:1867-1884. [PMID: 34539121 PMCID: PMC8405790 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Evolvulus alsinoides, belonging to the family Convolvulaceae, is an important medicinal plant widely used as a nootropic in the Indian traditional medicine system. In the genus Evolvulus, no research on the chloroplast genome has been published. Hence, the present study focuses on annotation, characterization, identification of mutational hotspots, and phylogenetic analysis in the complete chloroplast genome (cp) of E. alsinoides. Genome comparison and evolutionary dynamics were performed with the species of Solanales. The cp genome has 114 genes (80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes) that were unique with total genome size of 157,015 bp. The cp genome possesses 69 RNA editing sites and 44 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Predicted SSRs were randomly selected and validated experimentally. Six divergent hotspots such as trnQ-UUG, trnF-GAA, psaI, clpP, ndhF, and ycf1 were discovered from the cp genome. These microsatellites and divergent hot spot sequences of the Taxa 'Evolvulus' could be employed as molecular markers for species identification and genetic divergence investigations. The LSC area was found to be more conserved than the SSC and IR region in genome comparison. The IR contraction and expansion studies show that nine genes rpl2, rpl23, ycf1, ycf2, ycf1, ndhF, ndhA, matK, and psbK were present in the IR-LSC and IR-SSC boundaries of the cp genome. Fifty-four protein-coding genes in the cp genome were under negative selection pressure, indicating that they were well conserved and were undergoing purifying selection. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that E. alsinoides is closely related to the genus Cressa with some divergence from the genus Ipomoea. This is the first time the chloroplast genome of the genus Evolvulus has been published. The findings of the present study and chloroplast genome data could be a valuable resource for future studies in population genetics, genetic diversity, and evolutionary relationship of the family Convolvulaceae. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01051-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Shidhi
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - F. Nadiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Inter University Centre for Genomics and Gene Technology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - V. C. Biju
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - Sheethal Vijayan
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - Anu Sasi
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - C. L. Vipin
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - Akhil Janardhanan
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - S. Aswathy
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - Veena S. Rajan
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - Achuthsankar S. Nair
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
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Ketjarun K, Staples GW, Swangpol SC, Traiperm P. Micro-morphological study of Evolvulus spp. (Convolvulaceae): the old world medicinal plants. Bot Stud 2016; 57:25. [PMID: 28597435 PMCID: PMC5430591 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-016-0141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several medicinal properties have been reported for plants in the genus Evolvulus, such as a brain tonic and antifungal from Evolvulus alsinoides, and a sedative and an anthelmintic from Evolvulus nummularius. Therefore, the correct identification of the source plants is critically important. The aim of this research was to investigate the micromorphology of two Evolvulus taxa used for herbal medicines compared with one worldwide ornamental species by using peeling, paraffin embedding, acetolysis, and SEM methods in order to support species identification. RESULTS Our findings indicate that all taxa share several common features, such as a single layer of epidermis on both sides of leaf surfaces, sinuous anticlinal epidermal cell walls, anomocytic, paracytic or laterocytic stomata, and capitate glandular trichomes. Y-shaped hairs were found in two species but not in E. nummularius. Similarly, isobilateral mesophyll occurs in both E. alsinoides and Evolvulus glomeratus, but a dorsiventral mesophyll is present in E. nummularius. Stems consist of a single layer of epidermis, one to four chlorenchyma layers, one to seven layers of cortical cells and a bicollateral bundle with pith in the center. The seed coat epidermal cell shapes were irregular or polygonal with raised and undulated anticlinal boundaries, and folded or flattened to concave periclinal walls. Pollens of all taxa are monads, spheroidally shaped with 28-47 µm diameter, and 15-pantocolpate apertures type with microechinate ornamentation. CONCLUSIONS An identification key to species is constructed based on leaf anatomy and seed coat characters. This data can be used in other subjects such as pharmaceutical botany, organic chemistry, taxonomy and horticulture, in terms of species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanapol Ketjarun
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | | | - Sasivimon C. Swangpol
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Paweena Traiperm
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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Naikawadi VB, Ahire ML, Lahiri A, Nikam TD. In vitro propagation and cell cultures of memory tonic herb Evolvulus alsinoides: a best source for elicited production of scopoletin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:3463-76. [PMID: 26621800 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Evolvulus alsinoides L. is used for preparation of 'Shankhapushpi', an important popular ayurvedic drug that contributes considerably to the improvement of memory power. The improvement is attributed to the presence of furanocoumarin scopoletin, a metabolite with a wide range of biological activities. This report describes, for the first time, an in vitro culture system for propagation and enhanced production of scopoletin. Different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins individually and in combination were used in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium to induce shoot regeneration in cotyledonary nodal explants and callus formation in leaf explants. The best response was achieved in MS medium fortified with 5.0 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) in which 96 % of cultures produced 7.6 ± 0.6 shoots per explant. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium with 5.0 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil. MS medium fortified with 10 μM BA + 5.0 μM IAA showed maximum growth and accumulation of scopoletin in cell cultures. Cell cultures could be maintained over 24 months. The influences of auxins, cytokinins, organic acids, amino acids, and fungal-derived elicitors on production of scopoletin were studied. Presence of either L-arginine, sodium pyruvate, or yeast extract highly promoted scopoletin production as compared with control and achieved 75.02-, 72.13-, and 57.98-fold higher accumulation, respectively. The results presented herein have laid solid foundation for large-scale production of scopoletin and further investigation of its purification and utilization as a novel pharmaceutical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bandu Naikawadi
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Botany, Chandmal Tarachand Bora College, Shirur (Ghodnadi), Tal. Shirur 412 210, Dist., Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahendra Laxman Ahire
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Botany, Yashwantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, 415 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anindita Lahiri
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tukaram Dayaram Nikam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India.
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Abstract
AIM AMany oxidative stress-related diseases occur as a result of the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Free radicals are generated by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions, or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for appropriate physiological function. A lot of studies are going on worldwide directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plant origin. FTIR spectroscopy is used to develop a rapid and effective analytical method for studying the main constituents in medicinal plants. The chemical constituents in the plants were identified and monitored for their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. METHOD Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of E. alsinoides was evaluated by in vitro methods, including total antioxidant assay (FRAP method) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity using ascorbic acid as a standard. The degree of lipid peroxidation was examined by estimating the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) using standard methods and the functional groups were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The IR spectrum in the mid-infrared region 4 000-400 cm(-1) was used for discriminatio and to identify various functional groups present in E. alsinoides. RESULTS The findings indicated the presence of amino acids, amides, amines, carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, organic hydrocarbons, and halogens in the ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides, and the antioxidant activities were significantly increased, when compared with the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The findings indicated promising antioxidant activity of the crude extract of E. alsinoides, and needs further exploration for their potential effective use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Gomathi
- Food Analyst, Post Harvest Technology Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
| | - Ganesan Ravikumar
- Research Associate, Dalmia Centre for Research and Development, Coimbatore
| | - Manokaran Kalaiselvi
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Biotechnology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore
| | | | - Chandrasekar Uma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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Gomathi D, Kalaiselvi M, Ravikumar G, Devaki K, Uma C. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from the whole plant ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:1212-7. [PMID: 25694742 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are at great interest to the researcher in the field of biotechnology, as most of the drug industries depend in medicinal plants for the production of pharmaceutical compounds. Plants are the traditional sources for many chemicals used as pharmaceutical biochemicals, fragrances, food colours and flavours in different countries especially in India. Most herbal medicines and their derivative products were often prepared from crude plant extracts, which comprise a complex mixture of different phytochemical constituents (plant secondary metabolites). The chemical features of these constituents differ considerably among different species. GC-MS method used for the analysis of the obtained extracts can be an interesting tool for testing the amount of some active principles in herbs used in cosmetic, drugs, pharmaceutical or food industry. The aim of this study was to carry out for identification of bioactive compounds from the whole plant ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides by Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GCMS analysis of ethanolic extract was done by standard protocol using the equipment Thermo GC-Trace Ultra Version: 5.0, Thermo MS DSQ II. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various compounds like piperine, octodeconoic acids, hexadecanoic acid and squalene in the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. Hence, the Evolvulus alsinoides may have chemopreventive, anticancer, anti-microbial activity, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract. Due to the presence of esters which can be used as a flavoring agent in food industries. These findings support the traditional use of Evolvulus alsinoides in various disorders. Further studies are needed to isolate active principle of the extract as well as to elucidate their exact mechanism of action in various disorders.
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Gomathi D, Kalaiselvi M, Ravikumar G, Devaki K, Uma C. Evaluation of antioxidants in the kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 29:221-6. [PMID: 24757306 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders. Dual endocrine deficits of impaired insulin action (insulin resistance) and inadequate insulin secretion create an environment of chronic hyperglycemia and general metabolic disarray. Oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic pathogenesis. Oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin (STZ) has been shown to damage pancreatic beta cell and produce hyperglycemia in rats. The present study was made to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of the Evolvulus alsinoides in STZ induced rats. The antioxidant activities were done by using standard protocols. For histopathological analysis, the pancreatic tissues of all experimental groups were fixed with 10 % formalin for 24 h then the samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for the microscopic observation. Our results showed the significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and increases in the antioxidant (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) levels after treatment with standard as well as the E. alsinoides. There is no significant difference between control and plant alone group rats. The histopathology reports also revealed non-toxic effect and protective effect of E. alsinoides in the kidney of STZ induced diabetic rats. Our result indicated that the E. alsinoides extract effectively increased the antioxidant level thereby it prevents oxidative stress during diabetes mellitus and also it showed the protective effect on kidney of STZ induced rats. Hence it can be used to maintain the antioxidant level during diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gomathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, 641 021 India
| | - M Kalaiselvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, 641 021 India
| | - G Ravikumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, 641 021 India
| | - K Devaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, 641 021 India
| | - C Uma
- Biochemistry College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Gomathi D, Kalaiselvi M, Ravikumar G, Sophia D, Gopalakrishnan VK, Uma C. Secondary metabolite credentials of Evolvulus alsinoides by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). J Biomed Res 2012; 26:295-302. [PMID: 23554763 PMCID: PMC3596747 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.26.20110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and plant-based products are the bases of many modern pharmaceuticals that are current in use today for various diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical constituents and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) finger printing of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. Phytochemical screening was done by standard procedures and HPTLC method was also established to analyze alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds from the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that ethanol extracted more secondary metabolites than other solvents. HPTLC fingerprinting analysis showed the presence of various alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols (quercetin) in the ethanolic extract. It can be concluded that Evolvulus alsinoides may serve as a source of potent antioxidants that may be used in the prevention of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases due to the presence of phenolic compounds. HPTLC finger print of Evolvulus alsinoides may be useful in the differentiation of the species from adulterants and act as a biochemical marker for this medicinally important plant in the pharmaceutical industry and plant systematic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Gomathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, India
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Nahata A, Dixit VK. Spectrofluorimetric Estimation of Scopoletin in Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. and Convulvulus pluricaulis Choisy. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:834-7. [PMID: 21369458 PMCID: PMC3040891 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.49139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the analysis of total coumarins calculated as scopoletin in the plants Evolvulus alsinoides and Convulvulus pluricaulis. The fluorescent nature of scopoletin proved to be of immense value in the development of the spectrofluorimetric method. The excitation and emission wavelengths for scopoletin were 430 nm and 460 nm respectively and the instrument was Shimadzu RF 5301 PC spectrofluorophotometer. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision. The proposed spectrofluorimetric method provides a faster and cost effective qualitative and quantitative control for routine analysis of scopoletin in Evolvulus alsinoides and Convulvulus pluricaulis and their formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nahata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar-470 003, India
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