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Herzberg MP, DeJoseph ML, Luby J, Barch DM. Threat experiences moderate the link between hippocampus volume and depression symptoms prospectively in adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101359. [PMID: 38447469 PMCID: PMC10925924 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying neuroimaging risk markers for depression has been an elusive goal in psychopathology research. Despite this, smaller hippocampal volume has emerged as a potential risk marker for depression, with recent research suggesting this association is moderated by family income. The current pre-registered study aimed to replicate and extend these findings by examining the moderating role of family income and three dimensions of environmental experience on the link between hippocampus volume and later depression. Data were drawn from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and were comprised of 6693 youth aged 9-10 years at baseline. Results indicated that psychosocial threat moderated the association between right hippocampus volume and depression symptoms two years later, such that a negative association was evident in low-threat environments (std. beta=0.15, 95% CI [0.05, 0.24]). This interaction remained significant when baseline depression symptoms were included as a covariate, though only in youth endorsing 1 or more depression symptoms at baseline (β = 0.13, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.22]). These results suggest that hippocampus volume may not be a consistent correlate of depression symptoms in high risk environments and emphasize the importance of including measures of environmental heterogeneity when seeking risk markers for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max P Herzberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Meriah L DeJoseph
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Waldfogel J, Kwon SJ, Wang Y, Washbrook L, Casoni VP, Olczyk M, Schneider T, Panico L, Solaz A, Weinert S, Volodina A, de la Rie S, Keizer R, Nozaki K, Yamashita J, Kameyama Y, Akabayashi H. Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education: Evidence from Six Advanced Industrialized Countries. Eur J Popul 2023; 39:37. [PMID: 38064001 PMCID: PMC10709535 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides new evidence on inequalities in resources for children age 3-4 by parental education using harmonized data from six advanced industrialized countries-United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Netherlands, and Japan-that represent different social welfare regime types. We analyze inequalities in two types of resources for young children-family income, and center-based child care-applying two alternative measures of parental education-highest parental education, and maternal education. We hypothesize that inequalities in resources by parental education will be less pronounced in countries where social policies are designed to be more equalizing. The results provide partial support for this hypothesis: the influence of parental education on resources for children does vary by the social policy context, although not in all cases. We also find that the measurement of parental education matters: income disparities are smaller under a maternal-only definition whereas child care disparities are larger. Moreover, the degree of divergence between the two sets of estimates differs across countries. We provide some of the first systematic evidence about how resources for young children vary depending on parents' education and the extent to which such inequalities are buffered by social policies. We find that while early inequalities are a fact of life in all six countries, the extent of those inequalities varies considerably. Moreover, the results suggest that social policy plays a role in moderating the influence of parental education on resources for children.
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Grants
- SCHN 1116/1-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany, SCHN 1116/1-1; WE 1478/12-1)
- WE 1478/12-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany, SCHN 1116/1-1; WE 1478/12-1)
- SCHN 1116/1-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany, SCHN 1116/1-1; WE 1478/12-1)
- WE 1478/12-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany, SCHN 1116/1-1; WE 1478/12-1)
- SCHN 1116/1-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany, SCHN 1116/1-1; WE 1478/12-1)
- WE 1478/12-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany, SCHN 1116/1-1; WE 1478/12-1)
- SCHN 1116/1-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany, SCHN 1116/1-1; WE 1478/12-1)
- WE 1478/12-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany, SCHN 1116/1-1; WE 1478/12-1)
- ES/S015191/1 Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC Grant ES/S015191/1, United Kingdom)
- ES/S015191/1 Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC Grant ES/S015191/1, United Kingdom)
- ES/S015191/1 Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC Grant ES/S015191/1, United Kingdom)
- ES/S015191/1 Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC Grant ES/S015191/1, United Kingdom)
- ES/S015191/1 Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC Grant ES/S015191/1, United Kingdom)
- ANR-18-ORAR-0001 Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR grant ANR-18-ORAR-0001, France)
- ANR-18-ORAR-0001 Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR grant ANR-18-ORAR-0001, France)
- 464.18.102 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO, The Netherlands, grant number 464.18.102)
- 464.18.102 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO, The Netherlands, grant number 464.18.102)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS, Japan)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Waldfogel
- Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, 10027-5927, NY, US.
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, 10027-5927, NY, US
- Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Melanie Olczyk
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | | | - Lidia Panico
- Centre de Recherche Sur Les Inégalités Sociales (CRIS), CNRS, Sciences Po, Paris, France
- Institut National d'études Démographiques (INED), 93300, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Anne Solaz
- Institut National d'études Démographiques (INED), 93300, Aubervilliers, France
| | | | - Anna Volodina
- University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany
- Institute for Educational Quality Improvement at the Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Renske Keizer
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Rahman MM, Hasan MJ, Chandra Deb B, Rahman MS, Kabir AS. The effect of social media entrepreneurship on sustainable development: Evidence from online clothing shops in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19397. [PMID: 37662716 PMCID: PMC10474466 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examines the effect of rural women's participation in social media entrepreneurship on sustainable development in Bangladesh. The study collects 376 responses from the entrepreneurs of online clothing shops employing the simple random sampling technique. The data analysis was conducted using the PLS-SEM technique using Smart PLS 3.3v software. Developing the quantitative research design, the authors test the conceptual model by employing the deductive approach. The study finds a positive effect of women's participation in social media entrepreneurship on sustainable development within online clothing shops in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is capable of creating employment opportunities for rural women through ICT project offerings. Consistently this study also proves social media entrepreneurship increases women's contribution to their family income. Furthermore, this study finds that rural women's family income contribution positively affects sustainable development in Bangladesh. The study can help to achieve SDG 5: Gender Equality and Vision 2041 of Bangladesh at the earliest. Thus, the government, policymakers, and academics can use the study findings as a policy dialogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Business Administration, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jahid Hasan
- Department of Management Studies, Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Bishawjit Chandra Deb
- Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Shajib Rahman
- Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Anower Sadath Kabir
- Department of Business Administration, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Manvelyan E, Abittan B, Shan W, Shahani D, Kwait B, Rausch M, Blitz MJ. Socioeconomic disparities in fertility treatments and associated likelihood of livebirth following in vitro fertilization. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:265-271. [PMID: 37099092 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics are associated with the likelihood of livebirth (LB) following in vitro fertilization (IVF). Specifically, we evaluated neighborhood-level household income, unemployment rate, and educational attainment. DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted for patients undergoing autologous IVF cycles. SETTING Large academic health system. INTERVENTIONS For each patient, ZIP code of residence was used as a proxy for neighborhood. Neighborhood characteristics were compared between patients with and without LB. Generalized estimating model was used to adjust the association between SES factors and likelihood of a live birth with respect to relevant clinical factors. RESULTS A total of 4942 autologous IVF cycles from 2768 patients were included: 1717 (62.0%) had at least one associated LB. Patients who achieved LB from IVF were younger, had higher anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, lower body mass index (BMI), and differed by ethnic background, primary language, and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. In a multivariable model, language, age, AMH, and BMI were associated with a live birth from IVF. None of the neighborhood-level socioeconomic variables were associated with the total number of IVF cycles or cycles required to achieve first LB. CONCLUSION Patients living in neighborhoods with lower annual household income have lower odds of livebirth after IVF compared to those living in more affluent areas, despite undergoing the same number of IVF stimulation cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Manvelyan
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hempstead, NY, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwell Health, South Shore University Hospital, 301 E Main Str., Bay Shore, NY, 11706, USA.
| | - Baruch Abittan
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Northwell Health, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Weiwei Shan
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Disha Shahani
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Brittany Kwait
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Mary Rausch
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Northwell Health, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Blitz
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwell Health, South Shore University Hospital, 301 E Main Str., Bay Shore, NY, 11706, USA
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Anagnostou F, Chalvatzoglou E, Arhakis A, Boka V, Arapostathis K, Kotsanos N. Do Maternal Beliefs, Knowledge and Practices for Own and Young Child Oral Care Reflect on Actual Child Oral Health? J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:147-152. [PMID: 37272124 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether mother's oral health habits and knowledge for child oral care actually reflect on her young child's oral health and hence sought for direct evidence for this association. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred mothers accompanied their children, aged 2-5 years to a University Pediatric Dentistry Clinic and completed a three-arm questionnaire. Child dental caries (decayed, missing, filled surfaces-dmfs) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. Correlations were sought by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS A negative correlation was observed between maternal education and family income with child dmfs (p < 0.01). Additionally, other maternal factors such as age and correct knowledge of the appropriate age for a child's first dental visit, the initiation of toothbrushing, and fluoride exposure were positively associated with lower dmfs and GBI. Additionally, some maternal practices also contributed to these results. CONCLUSION Maternal practices and knowledge are predictors of child oral health. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mothers-to-be, especially those with low socioeconomic characteristics, should be involved in dental education and motivation interventions in order to practice proper oral hygiene for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomeni Anagnostou
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Phone: +30 6936232479, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-4988
| | - Efthymia Chalvatzoglou
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristidis Arhakis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4390-0466
| | - Vasiliki Boka
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-4730
| | - Konstantinos Arapostathis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-199X
| | - Nikolaos Kotsanos
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-8653
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Fomby P, Harvey H, Musick K. Income Sources Across Childhood in Families With Nonresident Fathers. Demography 2023; 60:41-72. [PMID: 36715055 PMCID: PMC10404351 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10424403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Unpartnered mothers rely on formal and informal income sources to support their coresident minor children. Building on work focusing on selective populations and shorter time horizons, we describe the family income sources on which U.S. women and their minor children rely for up to 17 years following an unpartnered birth or union dissolution (Panel Study of Income Dynamics 2001-2017; N = 12,369 person-year records from 3,148 children). Using rich description and fixed-effect models, we treat family income as dynamic, mapping change in the share and amount of family income from multiple sources as children age and women gain employment experience; enter new unions; experience changes in eligibility for public support programs; and receive contributions from kin, friends, and other household members. A patchwork of income sources is the norm throughout childhood, with mothers' earnings nearly universal but insufficient as a sole source of family income. Maternal repartnering increases family income through new partner earnings but is accompanied by offsetting reductions in other income sources, particularly from outside the household. In the context of weak institutional support for U.S. families, families with nonresident fathers rely on a complex mix of income sources to make ends meet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fomby
- Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hope Harvey
- Martin School of Public Policy and Administration, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kelly Musick
- Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Zhang L, Nepomnyaschy L, Simmel C. So close yet so different: Neighborhood inequality and child maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 130:104988. [PMID: 33583625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has documented the importance of neighborhood contextual factors in shaping maltreatment risk. Evidence is limited about the role of economic inequality within neighborhoods, which has increased substantially in the US over the past decade. OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between neighborhood-level inequality and child maltreatment risk, paying particular attention to the cross-level interactions between neighborhood inequality and family income. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A population-based cohort of 4,898 children born in large US cities was sampled in 1998-2000 and followed up at ages 1, 3, 5, and 9. METHOD A set of regression models was analyzed to estimate the associations of family income, neighborhood inequality (operationalized as terciles of the Gini coefficient), and the interaction of these with child maltreatment risk, operationalized as physical abuse, psychological abuse, neglect, CPS involvement, and spanking. RESULTS Low-income was associated with higher risks of neglect and CPS involvement, but not physical abuse, psychological abuse, or spanking. Among low-income families, higher neighborhood inequality was associated with lower likelihood of spanking. Among higher-income families, higher neighborhood inequality levels were associated with higher risks of physical abuse, yet lower risks of psychological abuse. CONCLUSION Our findings align with previous studies showing mixed results on the relationship between neighborhood inequality and health outcomes. Those results may suggest that the effect of low-income itself is more important than the neighborhood context. Further research is needed to identify the determinants of inequality at the neighborhood level and the underlying mechanisms of its association with child maltreatment risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 390 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States.
| | - Lenna Nepomnyaschy
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 390 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States.
| | - Cassandra Simmel
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 390 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States.
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Roddy Á. Income and conversion handicaps: estimating the impact of child chronic illness/disability on family income and the extra cost of child chronic illness/child disability in Ireland using a standard of living approach. Eur J Health Econ 2022; 23:467-483. [PMID: 34499284 PMCID: PMC8426335 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Child chronic illness/ disability can present significant challenges for children, families and society that require appropriate policy responses; yet little is known about the demands placed on families resources from an economics perspective in terms of its impact on household income and the extra income required to achieve the same standard of living as families who do not have a child with a chronic illness/disability. The paper uses data from the Growing Up in Ireland National survey dataset for nine year olds. It is the first study to empirically investigate the impact of child chronic illness/disability on earnings, standard of living and the extra cost of disability together. It is also the first study to explicitly address endogeneity in the standard of living model by using a two-stage process where residuals were harvested to provide efficient estimates. The findings show that families experience significant disadvantage and economic hardship due to reduced household income and a lower standard of living due to the extra cost of disability that would require considerable income to compensate. Policy implications of these findings suggest that a tiered approach to disability support payments which encompass broader criteria for inclusion based on varying severity levels be introduced to alleviate the financial hardship and compromised economic wellbeing of families affected. In addition, more innovative policies are required to implement appropriate timely access to health and social care services and flexi parental employment, which in turn requires the provision of adequate access to high quality educational and care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine Roddy
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics & Political Science, London, UK.
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Kerai S, Almas A, Guhn M, Forer B, Oberle E. Screen time and developmental health: results from an early childhood study in Canada. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:310. [PMID: 35168575 PMCID: PMC8845249 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research has shown that longer hours of screen time are negatively associated with children’s healthy development. Whereas most research has focused on school-age children, less is known about this association in early childhood. To fill this gap, we examined the association between screen time and developmental health in preschool-aged children. Methods This study draws from a data linkage on children (N = 2983; Mean age = 5.2, SD = 0.3 years, 51% male) in British Columbia (BC), Canada, who entered Kindergarten in public elementary schools in 2019. Parent reports on children’s screen time, health behaviors, demographics, and family income collected upon kindergarten entry (09/2019), were linked to teacher reports on children’s developmental health, collected halfway through the school year (02/2020). Screen time was assessed with the Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. Developmental vulnerability versus developmental health in five domains (physical, social, emotional, language and cognition, and communication skills) was measured with the Early Development Instrument. Results Logistic regression analyses using generalized estimating equation showed that children with more than one hour of daily screen time were more likely to be vulnerable in all five developmental health domains: physical health and wellbeing (odds ratio [OR] =1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 - 2.0; p=0.058), social competence (OR=1.60; 95% CI, 1.16 – 2.2; p=0.004), emotional maturity (OR=1.29; 95% CI, 0.96 - 1.73; p=0.097), language and cognitive development (OR=1.81; 95% CI, 1.19 - 2.74; p=0.006) and communication skills (OR=1.60; 95% CI, 1.1 – 2.34; p=0.015) compared to children reporting up to one hour of screen time/day. An interaction effect between income and screen time on developmental health outcomes was non-significant. Results were adjusted for child demographics, family income, and other health behaviors. Conclusions Daily screen time that exceeds the recommended one-hour limit for young children, as suggested by the Canadian 24-h Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (Tremblay et al. BMC Public Health. 17:874, 2017; Tremblay J Physical Activity Health. 17:92–5, 2020) is negatively associated with developmental health outcomes in early childhood. Screen-based activities should thus be limited for young children. Future research needs to examine the underlying mechanisms through which screen time is linked to developmental vulnerabilities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12701-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Kerai
- School of Population and Public Health, the Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, BC, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Alisa Almas
- School of Population and Public Health, the Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, BC, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin Guhn
- School of Population and Public Health, the Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, BC, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Barry Forer
- School of Population and Public Health, the Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, BC, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Eva Oberle
- School of Population and Public Health, the Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, BC, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, Canada
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Hou M, Qing P, Min S. Multiple indicators of household dietary diversity in rural China: Effects of income and dietary knowledge. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111406. [PMID: 34388584 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association among family income, dietary knowledge, their interaction, and the multiple household dietary diversity indices (HDDIs), including dietary diversity score (DDS), entropy index (EI), Shannon equitability index (SEI), Herfindahl index (HI), and Simpson index (SI). METHODS Based on 24-h dietary recall data collected from 1076 rural households in three provinces of Central China, we calculated HDDIs and compared them according to different levels of income and dietary knowledge. A set of multivariate linear regression were further established and estimated to examine the association among family income, dietary knowledge, and household dietary diversity. RESULTS Although the calculation formulas are different, the distributions of the five diversity indices, namely, DDS, EI, SEI, HI, and SI are similar. Family income and dietary knowledge were significantly and positively correlated with various HDDIs (P < 0.01) in addition to HI. Specifically, with a 1-unit (10 000 yuan [US $1545]) income increase, the DDIs respectively changed by 1.70% (DDS), 1.23% (EI), 0.92% (SEI), -0.62% (HI, reverse), and 0.45% (SI). With a 1-point dietary knowledge score increase, the DDIs changed by 0.91% (DDS), 1.33% (EI), 1.29% (SEI), -1.19% (HI, reverse), and 0.81% (SI). The interaction effect of income and dietary knowledge on HDDIs were significantly and negatively correlated with various HDDIs (P < 0.05) in addition to HI. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicated that with an increase in income and dietary knowledge, rural residents in China would consume more diversified foods. There was a substitution effect of family income and dietary knowledge on HDDIs; that is, with an increase in family income, the effect of dietary knowledge on HDDIs would decrease. The findings of this study contributed to a better understanding of issues related to the dietary diversity of rural residents in China in the context of rising income and residents' increasing dietary knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Hou
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Ping Qing
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Shi Min
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, China.
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Kim KM, Chung US. Can Money Buy Happiness for a Family? Family Income, Parenting Style, and Life Satisfaction in Parents and Adolescents. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 26:823-838. [PMID: 33745324 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the associations among family income and life satisfaction in parents, and parenting styles, income, and overall happiness and depression in their adolescents. A total of 1,913 participants comprising adolescents (aged 14-16) and their parents were recruited for this study. Participants were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Monthly household income was recorded by an open-ended question item. The life satisfaction of parents and overall happiness of adolescents were assessed by one item each, rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Three subtypes of parenting style (affectionate, monitoring, over-control) were evaluated by adolescents using an inventory consisting of 21 items on a 4-point Likert scale. Adolescents' depression was assessed with a checklist rated by the adolescents, consisting of 10 items on a 4-point Likert scale. The odds ratio (OR) for life dissatisfaction in adults was significantly higher in the lower (1st and 2nd) quintile groups of household income, by 9.94 (p < .001) and 3.50 (p < .001) folds, respectively, compared to the highest (5th) group. In contrast, household income had no significant association with life unhappiness in adolescents. Further, total household income had no significant association with the adolescent's depression score in linear regression analysis, but parenting style did. While affectionate (β = -0.260; p < .001) and monitoring (β = -0.100; p < .001) parenting styles showed negative associations with adolescents' depression scores, over-control style (β = 0.120; p < .001) showed a positive association. The results indicate the differences in factors impacting the life satisfaction of adults and happiness of adolescents, and the importance of effective parenting for adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Sun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Deer LK, Shields GS, Alen NV, Hostinar CE. Curvilinear associations between family income in early childhood and the cortisol awakening response in adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105237. [PMID: 34004490 PMCID: PMC9286487 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence on cortisol output and socioeconomic status (SES) has been mixed, with studies finding that lower SES can be associated with higher or lower cortisol output, and null associations have also been reported. We hypothesized that these inconsistencies may be due to an underlying curvilinear, inverted-U pattern of association, such that low income is related to increased likelihood of both low and high cortisol output. We tested these curvilinear links among family income and cortisol indices in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 803). Maternal reports of family income when the study children were 33 and 47 months of age were averaged to estimate early-childhood family income. Three cortisol indices were derived from samples collected in adolescence (15.5 years of age): the cortisol awakening response (CAR), area under the curve (AUC) cortisol, and the diurnal cortisol slope. As hypothesized, the CAR exhibited a curvilinear, inverted-U relation with childhood income, with low childhood income being associated with both the lowest and the highest CARs. These findings suggest that discrepancies in prior findings on low SES and the CAR may be due to curvilinear patterns of association. However, childhood income was not significantly associated with adolescent cortisol diurnal slope or AUC. Future work should clarify the factors that might predispose to high versus low CAR given equivalent low SES in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- LillyBelle K Deer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Grant S Shields
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas V Alen
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Camelia E Hostinar
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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13
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Vanzella-Yang A, Veenstra G. Socio-economic resources and adult mental health in Canada: controlling for time-invariant confounders and investigating causal directionality. Can J Public Health 2021; 112:1042-1049. [PMID: 34129215 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether family income and education have a causal effect on psychological distress among Canadian adults. METHODS We executed fixed-effects regression analyses using data from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA). We investigated whether changes in family income and education from wave 2 (2014) to wave 3 (2016) corresponded with changes in psychological distress during this same time period. We also investigated whether changes in these socio-economic resources from wave 1 (2012) to wave 2 (2014) corresponded with lagged changes in psychological distress from wave 2 (2014) to wave 3 (2016). These models controlled for all time-invariant confounders with time-invariant effects, as well as the time-varying factors age, marital status, household size, and employment status. RESULTS Obtaining a postsecondary degree corresponded with lagged decreases in psychological distress among women ages 18 to 32 (b = -1.97; 95% CI = -3.53, -0.42) and men over the age of 32 (b = -1.86; 95% CI = -3.57, -0.15). The effect of postsecondary education was stronger when considering adults who stayed married throughout the three waves (b = -2.29; 95% CI = -4.37, -0.21). CONCLUSION Completing postsecondary education may have a lagged causal effect on psychological distress, and the life course timing for when postsecondary completion reduces distress is different for women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Vanzella-Yang
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, 6303 N. W. Marine Drive, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada.
| | - Gerry Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, 6303 N. W. Marine Drive, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
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14
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Rettig EK, Ergun G, Warfield JR, Slater SK, LeCates SL, Kabbouche MA, Kacperski J, Hershey AD, Powers SW. Predictors of Improvement in Pediatric Chronic Migraine: Results from the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Amitriptyline Trial. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2021. [PMID: 34028656 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-021-09782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Explore predictors of improvement in headache days and migraine-related disability through a secondary analysis of the cognitive-behavioral therapy plus amitriptyline trial in children and adolescents (Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT00389038). Participants were 135 youth aged 10-17 years old diagnosed with chronic migraine. Predictor variables included group assignment (treatment or control), baseline scores from depression and quality of life measures, and demographic variables. Criterion variables included headache days and migraine-related disability. Higher baseline depression scores were indicative of more days with headache post-treatment regardless of group assignment. Family income at the higher-end of the low-income range was significantly associated with less migraine-related disability regardless of group assignment (Household Income: HINC-01 in The United States Census Bureau. Bureau, U, 2020). Results from this secondary analysis identify depression symptoms and family income as predictors that can impact headache frequency and migraine-related disability. Self-reported symptoms of depression and family income are important factors to consider as part of the biopsychosocial model of care.
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15
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Vanzella-Yang A, Veenstra G. Family income and health in Canada: a longitudinal study of stability and change. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:333. [PMID: 33568135 PMCID: PMC7877036 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has shown strong associations between income and health. However, the health effects of income dynamics over time are less known. We investigated how stability, volatility and trajectory in family incomes from 2002 to 2011 predicted (1) fair/poor self-rated health and (2) the presence of a longstanding illness or health problem in 2012. METHODS The data came from the 2012 wave of the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults linked to annual family income data for 2002 to 2011 from the Canada Revenue Agency. We executed a series of binary logistic regressions to examine associations between health and average family income over the decade (Model 1), number of years in the bottom quartile (Model 2) and top quartile (Model 3) of family incomes, standard deviation of family incomes (Model 4), absolute difference between family income at the end and start of the period (Model 5), and number of years in which inflation-adjusted family income went down by more than 1% (Model 6) and up by more than 1% (Model 7) from 1 year to the next. The analyses were conducted separately for women and men. RESULTS Average family income over the decade was strongly associated with both self-rated health and the presence of a longstanding illness or health problem. More years spent in the bottom quartile of family incomes corresponded to elevated odds of fair/poor self-rated health and the presence of a longstanding illness or health problem. Steady decreases in family income over the decade corresponded to elevated odds of fair/poor self-rated health for men and more years spent in the top quartile of family incomes over the decade corresponded to elevated odds of fair/poor self-rated health for women. CONCLUSION Previous studies of the association between family income and health in Canada may have overlooked important issues pertaining to family income stability and change that are impactful for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Vanzella-Yang
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Gerry Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Parent N, Guhn M, Brussoni M, Almas A, Oberle E. Social determinants of playing outdoors in the neighbourhood: family characteristics, trust in neighbours and daily outdoor play in early childhood. Can J Public Health 2021; 112:120-127. [PMID: 32757122 PMCID: PMC7851233 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate socio-demographic and contextual factors in relation to the frequency of outdoor play in the neighbourhood in early childhood, drawing from a large sample of children in British Columbia, Canada. METHODS Parents/caregivers of 2280 4- to 5-year-old children completed the Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (CHEQ) in 2018. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict the likelihood of children participating in everyday outdoor play in their neighbourhood based on the child's gender, family ethnicity (i.e., European origin vs. other), household income (i.e., less vs. equal/more than CDN$75,000), population centre (i.e., urban vs. rural) and parent's trust in neighbours (i.e., trusting vs. not trusting neighbours to look out for children). RESULTS Thirty-five percent of children in this study met recommendations of playing outdoors every day. Children whose parents perceived strong trust in neighbours were twice as likely to play outdoors in their neighbourhood every day, when compared with those whose parents perceived low trust in neighbours. Additionally, children from families with higher incomes (equal/more than $75,000) were significantly more likely to play outdoors daily than those with lower incomes, but only if they resided in rural areas. Last, children with European family backgrounds were 64% more likely to play outdoors every day compared with those with non-European backgrounds. CONCLUSION Findings from this study contribute to an emerging body of work examining socio-economic, demographic and contextual factors associated with children meeting the recommendations for everyday outdoor play in their neighbourhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Parent
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, 2125 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Martin Guhn
- School of Population and Public Health, The Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, F511 - 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, F511 - 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
- BC Injury Research & Prevention Unit, F511 - 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Alisa Almas
- School of Population and Public Health, The Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eva Oberle
- School of Population and Public Health, The Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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17
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Lindsey MA, Romanelli M, Ellis ML, Barker ED, Boxmeyer CL, Lochman JE. The Influence of Treatment Engagement on Positive Outcomes in the Context of a School-Based Intervention for Students with Externalizing Behavior Problems. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2020; 47:1437-1454. [PMID: 30848415 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined the stability of and cross-influences between externalizing behaviors and intervention engagement among children participating in a randomized clinical trial of an intervention for disruptive behavioral youth. Analyses also accounted for the influence of caregiver depression, family relationship quality, and sociodemographic factors (race, income) on the relationship between behaviors and intervention engagement. Analyses were based on 118 children participating in the Coping Power intervention. Composite variables were created to represent externalizing behaviors and intervention engagement constructs. Associations between these composite variables were examined over 24 treatment sessions. Findings indicated a regressive relationship among externalizing behaviors, i.e., baseline externalizing behaviors were positively associated with immediate follow-up behaviors. There were also dynamic relationships observed among engagement constructs. Notably, engagement with in-session activities during sessions 1-8 was positively associated with out-of-session activity engagement during the same treatment time period. Engagement with out-of-session activities during sessions 1-8 was positively associated with in-session activity engagement during sessions 9-16, indicating a complete mediation between early and middle in-session engagement through the mechanism of early out-of-session engagement. A crosslag relationship was observed: middle in-session engagement was negatively associated with externalizing behaviors at immediate follow-up. Finally, an interaction of race by income on immediate follow-up externalizing behaviors was observed, such that Black children's externalizing behaviors remain static regardless of income level while White children's behaviors decreased with higher income. Our findings support the contention that focusing on intervention engagement may be especially important in prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Lindsey
- McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy and Research, Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Meghan Romanelli
- McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy and Research, Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mesha L Ellis
- Ellis Evaluation & Consulting Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward D Barker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Caroline L Boxmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - John E Lochman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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18
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Abstract
Aims: Equity of access to medical care is a central objective in socialised and national health insurance systems. Based on a national panel survey of Icelandic adults, the study examined the effects of family income on insufficient medical care and whether income-related differences were explained by overall financial strain, health-care cost burden, cultural variables or barriers related to health-system obstacles or experiences. Methods: The study used two-wave panel data from national postal health surveys of Icelandic adults aged 18-75. Insufficient medical care was assessed in terms of both reported delay/cancellation of physician care and estimated underutilisation when comparing actual and professionally recommended physician visits. Results: The study found that individuals with lower family incomes were more likely to delay or cancel a needed physician visit and underutilise medical care compared to their higher-income counterparts. High relative out-of-pocket costs, overall financial strain and negative experiences of medical care fully accounted for the disadvantaged medical access of lower-income individuals. The most important explanatory variable was out-of-pocket costs, as it affected insufficient medical care both directly and indirectly by compounding economic difficulties in the family. Attitudes, beliefs and health-related behaviours had limited effects on insufficient medical care and did not account for income-related differences. Conclusions: Poorer access to needed medical care among lower-income individuals was explained by high relative out-of-pocket costs, overall financial strain and negative medical-care experiences. Efforts to reduce income differences in access to needed medical care should address these factors.
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19
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Dégeilh F, Beauchamp MH, Leblanc É, Daneault V, Bernier A. Socioeconomic Status in Infancy and the Developing Brain: Functional Connectivity of the Hippocampus and Amygdala. Dev Neurosci 2020; 41:327-340. [PMID: 32516794 DOI: 10.1159/000507616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the hippocampus and amygdala is particularly sensitive to environmental factors, including socioeconomic status (SES). Studies that have investigated associations between SES and brain development markers have rarely focused on connectivity. Accordingly, this longitudinal study examined whether SES in infancy (parental education and income-to-needs ratio) predicts the functional connectivity of the hippocampus and amygdala in late childhood, and in turn whether functional connectivity is associated with child socioemotional adjustment in a middle-class sample. SES indices were measured when children (n = 28) were 7 months old. When children were 10 years of age, they underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging exam, and their school teachers completed a questionnaire assessing child socioemotional adjustment. Whole-brain regression analyses, including left and right hippocampi and amygdalae as seeds and SES indices as predictors, revealed that higher parental education predicted stronger functional connectivity between the left and right hippocampi and the right amygdala with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and between the left amygdala and bilateral angular gyrus, after accounting for child age and sex. In turn, the connectivity of these regions was associated with higher child prosocial behavior. These findings contribute to the emerging literature suggesting that SES is associated with variability in the neural substrates of social abilities in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Dégeilh
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Élizabel Leblanc
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Daneault
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Montreal Geriatric University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Montreal Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Bernier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada,
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20
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Dufford AJ, Bianco H, Kim P. Socioeconomic disadvantage, brain morphometry, and attentional bias to threat in middle childhood. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2019; 19:309-26. [PMID: 30460484 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with higher rates of psychopathology as well as hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex structure. However, little is known about how variations in brain morphometry are associated with socio-emotional risks for mood disorders in children growing up in families experiencing low income. In the current study, using structural magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and gray matter volume in the hippocampus, amygdala, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in a sample of children (n = 34) in middle childhood. Using an affective dot probe paradigm, we examined the association between gray matter volume in these regions and attentional bias to threat, a risk marker for mood disorders including anxiety disorders. We found that lower income-to-needs ratio was associated with lower bilateral hippocampal and right amygdala volume, but not prefrontal cortex volumes. Moreover, lower attentional bias to threat was associated with greater left hippocampal volume. We provide evidence of a relationship between income-related variations in brain structure and attentional bias to threat, a risk for mood disorders. Therefore, these findings support an environment-morphometry-behavior relationship that contributes to the understanding of income-related mental health disparities in childhood.
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21
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Veenstra G, Vanzella-Yang A. Family income and self-rated health in Canada: Using fixed effects models to control for unobserved confounders and investigate causal temporality. Soc Sci Med 2020; 250:112884. [PMID: 32114260 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether the association between family income and adult self-rated health in Canada is causal in nature. The data came from the 2012, 2014 and 2016 waves of the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults linked to current and historical family income data from the Canada Revenue Agency. We used fixed effects models to describe associations between changes in self-rated health between 2012, 2014 and 2016 and changes in equivalized family income between (i) 2011, 2013 and 2015, (ii) 2008, 2009 and 2010, (iii) 2005, 2006 and 2007, (iv) 2002, 2003 and 2004 and (v) 1999, 2000 and 2001. We identified weak negative associations between family income and self-rated health operative over fourteen years or so for both women and men. These associations may be causal in nature. In addition, the implementation of models where changes in income preceded changes in self-rated health suggests that the associations reflect the causal effect of family income on self-rated health rather than the converse. These results make a contribution to the Canadian literature where nearly all previous research on associations between income and self-rated health is cross-sectional in nature and therefore incapable of establishing causal directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, 6303 N. W. Marine Drive, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Adam Vanzella-Yang
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, 6303 N. W. Marine Drive, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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22
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Mahboob A, Richmond SA, Harkins JP, Macpherson AK. Childhood unintentional injury: The impact of family income, education level, occupation status, and other measures of socioeconomic status. A systematic review. Paediatr Child Health 2019; 26:e39-e45. [PMID: 33542777 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Unintentional injuries represent a substantial public health burden among children and adolescents, and previous evidence suggests that there are disparities in injury by socioeconomic status (SES). This paper reports on a systematic review of literature on injury rates among children and adolescents by measures of SES. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using six electronic databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, and SportsDiscus. This review considered children ages 19 years and under and publications between 1997 and 2017-representing an update since the last systematic review examined this specific question. Fifty-four articles were summarized based on study and participant descriptions, outcome and exposure, statistical tests used, effect estimates, and overall significance. Results Most articles addressed risk factors across all injury mechanisms; however, some focused particularly on burns/scalds, road traffic injuries, falls/drowning cases, and playground/sports injuries. Other studies reported on specific injury types including traumatic dental injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and fractures. The studies were of moderate quality, with a median of 15.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.34 to 15.66) out of 19. Thirty-two studies found an inverse association between SES and childhood unintentional injury, three found a positive association while twenty were not significant or failed to report effect measures. Conclusion Given the variability in definition of the exposure (SES) and outcome (injury), the results of this review were mixed; however, the majority of studies supported a relationship between low SES and increased injury risk. Public health practice must consider SES, and other measures of health equity, in childhood injury prevention programming, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Mahboob
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Sarah A Richmond
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario.,Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Joshua P Harkins
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Alison K Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario
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23
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Thiyagarajan A, Bagavandas M, Kosalram K. Assessing the role of family well-being on the quality of life of Indian children with thalassemia. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:100. [PMID: 30961577 PMCID: PMC6454746 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between chronic diseases and psychological problems is well established. As thalassemia is chronic blood disorder with burdensome treatment procedures, patients are likely to have psychological health problems. Many studies reported evidences regarding the quality of life. But, factors influencing the health-related quality of life with focus on psychological well-being were minimally studied. We aimed to find the factors contributing to the health-related quality of life among thalassemia affected children and hypothesising whether the parent's psychological well-being, sociodemographic characteristics and transfusion interval have an impact on children's quality of life. METHOD A cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 125 thalassemia patients and 125 parents (either father or mother) referred to the clinic of Thalassemia treatment center. KIDSCREEN-10 and Ryff Psychological well-being scale is used for measuring the health-related quality of life and well-being of children and parent respectively. RESULTS We have found the three factors such as family income, children education, and, parent education significantly contributed to the children's health-related quality of life among thalassemia affected children. The average score of Health-related quality of life among children is 16.28 with a standard deviation of 3.432 and the mean psychological well-being score for the parent is 83.99 with a standard deviation of 11.41. A positive correlation exists between parent psychological well-being and children's health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION Family well-being is the foundation for quality of life of the children. It was found that factors such as family income and parents' and children's education have a direct association with HRQoL of life of children with thalassemia. However, more studies need to be done in order to ascertain the factors contributing to HRQoL of children with thalassemia to improve the quality of life of thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Bagavandas
- School of Public Health, SRM University, Chennai, India
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24
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Abstract
Earnings and income variability have increased since the 1970s, particularly at the bottom of the income distribution. Considerable evidence suggests that childhood income levels-captured as average or point-in-time yearly income-are associated with numerous child and adult outcomes. The importance to child development of stable proximal processes during childhood suggests that income variability may also be important, particularly if it is unpredictable, unintentional, or does not reflect an upward trend in family income. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study documents trends since the 1970s in three dimensions of childhood income dynamics: level, variability, and growth (n=7991). The analysis reveals that income variability during childhood has grown over time, while income growth rates have not. In addition, the economic context of childhood has diverged substantially by socioeconomic status, race, and family structure, with the most disadvantaged children facing a double-whammy of low income and high variability.
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Sun M, Zhang W, Guo R, Hu A, Li Y, Mwansisya TE, Zhou L, Liu C, Chen X, Tao H, Huang X, Xue Z, Chiu HFK, Liu Z. Psychotic-like experiences and correlation with childhood trauma and other socio-demographic factors: A cross-sectional survey in adolescence and early adulthood in China. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:272-277. [PMID: 28595150 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in adolescence are found to be risk factors for later mental disorders. Previous research has also found that childhood trauma has a positive correlation with mental health problems. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between them, especially in adolescence and early adulthood. A total of 9122 students (age between 10 and 23.3) were surveyed and assessed with the positive and depressive subscales of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences and the Trauma History Questionnaire. A total of 20.7% students experienced frequent PLEs, 17.5% had frequent delusional experiences, and 7.6% had frequent hallucinatory experiences. Only a small portion of this sample experienced frequent PLEs, associated with more types of PLEs, more distress, and more depressive experiences. Several socio-demographic factors were associated with frequent PLEs in this sample, which could be further examined in future prevention studies. Students with frequent PLEs experienced significantly higher impact from trauma events, both at the time of the events and in the present, indicating a possible reciprocal effect between childhood trauma and PLEs. The impact of childhood trauma played an important role in the relationship between childhood trauma and PLEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Aimin Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Department of Psychology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | | | - Li Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Haojuan Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Helen F K Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Tompkins V, Logan JAR, Blosser DF, Duffy K. Child language and parent discipline mediate the relation between family income and false belief understanding. J Exp Child Psychol 2017; 158:1-18. [PMID: 28167382 PMCID: PMC6258023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Achieving false belief understanding is an important cognitive milestone that allows children to understand that thoughts and reality can differ. Researchers have found that low-income children score significantly lower than middle-income children on false belief understanding but have not examined why this difference exists. We hypothesized that children's language and parent discipline mediate the income-false belief relation. Participants were 174 3- to 6-year-olds. False belief understanding was significantly correlated with family income, children's vocabulary, parents' self-reported discussion of children's behavior, discussion of emotions, and power assertion. Family income had a significant indirect effect on false belief understanding through children's vocabulary and parent discipline when examined independently, but only through children's vocabulary when using parallel multiple mediation. This study contributes to our knowledge of individual differences in false belief understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Tompkins
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University at Lima, Lima, OH 45804, USA.
| | - Jessica A R Logan
- Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and Policy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Daniel F Blosser
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University at Lima, Lima, OH 45804, USA
| | - Kaylin Duffy
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University at Lima, Lima, OH 45804, USA
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27
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Li J, Akaliyski P, Schäfer J, Kendall G, Oddy WH, Stanley F, Strazdins L. Non-linear relationship between maternal work hours and child body weight: Evidence from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Soc Sci Med 2017; 186:52-60. [PMID: 28582656 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using longitudinal data from the Western Australia Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study and both random-effects and fixed-effects models, this study examined the connection between maternal work hours and child overweight or obesity. Following children in two-parent families from early childhood to early adolescence, multivariate analyses revealed a non-linear and developmentally dynamic relationship. Among preschool children (ages 2 to 5), we found lower likelihood of child overweight and obesity when mothers worked 24 h or less per week, compared to when mothers worked 35 or more hours. This effect was stronger in low-to-medium income families. For older children (ages 8 to 14), compared to working 35-40 h a week, working shorter hours (1-24, 25-34) or longer hours (41 or more) was both associated with increases in child overweight and obesity. These non-linear effects were more pronounced in low-to-medium income families, particularly when fathers also worked long hours.
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Abstract
Obesity poses lots of health risks in both developing and developed countries. One thing that remains unclear is the relationship between family income and weight gain. This paper explores the relationship between family income and Body Mass Index (BMI) given variations in individual choice towards basic consumption and life quality improvement consumption as income increases. We use a nationally representative longitudinal data from China, the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), to estimate the relationship between income and weight gain. We conduct both cross sectional and panel data analysis to study the causal effects of family income on weight development. Unlike other literature that found inverse relationship between prevalence of obesity and family income in developing countries, in this paper, we find that BMI will first increase with family income at a decreasing rate, and then decrease which suggests that the group of middle class may suffer the high risk of being overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fafanyo Asiseh
- College of Business and Economics, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- College of Business and Economics, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA
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29
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Masters MA, Stanek Krogstrand KL, Eskridge KM, Albrecht JA. Race/ethnicity and income in relation to the home food environment in US youth aged 6 to 19 years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:1533-43. [PMID: 24935611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The home food environment is complex and has the potential to influence dietary habit development in young people. Several factors may influence the home food environment, including income and race/ethnicity. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of income and race/ethnicity with three home food environment factors (ie, food availability frequency, family meal patterns [frequency of family and home cooked meals], and family food expenditures). DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). PARTICIPANTS A total of 5,096 youth aged 6 to 19 years from a nationally representative sample of US individuals participating in NHANES 2007-10. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Prevalence of food availability frequency was assessed for the entire sample, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio (PIR), and race/ethnicity stratified by PIR. Mean values of family meal patterns and food expenditures were calculated based on race/ethnicity, PIR, and race/ethnicity stratified by PIR using analysis of variance and least squares means. Tests of main effects were used to assess differences in food availability prevalence and mean values of family meal patterns and food expenditures. RESULTS Non-Hispanic whites had the highest prevalence of salty snacks (51.1%±1.5%) and fat-free/low-fat milk (39.2%±1.7%) always available. High-income homes had the highest prevalence of fruits (75.4%±2.4%) and fat-free/low-fat milk (38.4%±2.1%) always available. Differences were found for prevalence of food availability when race/ethnicity was stratified by PIR. Non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest prevalence of fat-free/low-fat milk always available across PIR groups. Differences in mean levels of family meal patterns and food expenditures were found for race/ethnicity, PIR, and race/ethnicity stratified by PIR. CONCLUSIONS Race/ethnicity and PIR appear to influence food availability, family meal patterns, and family food expenditures in homes of youth. Knowledge of factors that influence the home food environment could assist in developing effective strategies to improve food environments for young people.
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Jain RB. Contribution of diet and other factors to the levels of selected polyfluorinated compounds: data from NHANES 2003-2008. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014. [PMID: 23601780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.008s1438-4639(13)00046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Contribution of diet and selected risk factors to the levels of four polyfluorinated compounds was evaluated. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2003-2008 were used. Dietary factors accounted for 10.4% to 21.2% of the explained variation. Amount of milk consumed was found to be positively associated (p<0.01) with perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) but negatively associated with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (p<0.01). Amount of meat and fish consumed was positively associated (p<0.01) with PFNA and PFOS. Amount of non-alcoholic beverages consumed was positively associated (p<0.01) with PFNA and PFOA. Levels of PFOS increased (p<0.01) with increase in the amount of alcoholic beverages consumed. Total amount of alcohol consumed was positively associated (p<0.01) with PFNA. Levels of both PFOA and PFOS decreased with increase in total amount of caffeine consumed. Total amount of fat consumed was negatively associated with PFNA and positively associated with PFOS. Total calories consumed were negatively associated with perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and PFOS but positively associated with PFNA. New to this study, positive correlations (p<0.01) between serum cholesterol and PFNA, PFOA, and PFOS were found. Serum albumin levels were negatively correlated with PFHxS but positively correlated with PFOA and PFOS. Males had statistically significantly higher levels of all four PFCs as compared to females and Mexican Americans had the lowest levels of all four PFCs than other race/ethnic groups. Levels of all four PFCs increased with increase in family income. Body mass index was negatively correlated with PFNA but positively associated with PFOA. There was a statistically significant decrease in the levels of PFOS over survey years 2003-2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Jain
- 1061 Albemarle Way, Lawrenceville, GA 30044, United States.
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31
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Jain RB. Contribution of diet and other factors to the levels of selected polyfluorinated compounds: data from NHANES 2003-2008. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:52-61. [PMID: 23601780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Contribution of diet and selected risk factors to the levels of four polyfluorinated compounds was evaluated. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2003-2008 were used. Dietary factors accounted for 10.4% to 21.2% of the explained variation. Amount of milk consumed was found to be positively associated (p<0.01) with perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) but negatively associated with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (p<0.01). Amount of meat and fish consumed was positively associated (p<0.01) with PFNA and PFOS. Amount of non-alcoholic beverages consumed was positively associated (p<0.01) with PFNA and PFOA. Levels of PFOS increased (p<0.01) with increase in the amount of alcoholic beverages consumed. Total amount of alcohol consumed was positively associated (p<0.01) with PFNA. Levels of both PFOA and PFOS decreased with increase in total amount of caffeine consumed. Total amount of fat consumed was negatively associated with PFNA and positively associated with PFOS. Total calories consumed were negatively associated with perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and PFOS but positively associated with PFNA. New to this study, positive correlations (p<0.01) between serum cholesterol and PFNA, PFOA, and PFOS were found. Serum albumin levels were negatively correlated with PFHxS but positively correlated with PFOA and PFOS. Males had statistically significantly higher levels of all four PFCs as compared to females and Mexican Americans had the lowest levels of all four PFCs than other race/ethnic groups. Levels of all four PFCs increased with increase in family income. Body mass index was negatively correlated with PFNA but positively associated with PFOA. There was a statistically significant decrease in the levels of PFOS over survey years 2003-2008.
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32
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Gupta RPS, de Wit ML, McKeown D. The impact of poverty on the current and future health status of children. Paediatr Child Health 2012; 12:667-72. [PMID: 19030444 DOI: 10.1093/pch/12.8.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Child poverty in Canada is a significant public health concern. Because child development during the early years lays the foundation for later health and development, children must be given the best possible start in life. Family income is a key determinant of healthy child development. Children in families with greater material resources enjoy more secure living conditions and greater access to a range of opportunities that are often unavailable to children from low-income families. On average, children living in low-income families or neighbourhoods have poorer health outcomes. Furthermore, poverty affects children's health not only when they are young, but also later in their lives as adults. The health sector should provide services to mitigate the health effects of poverty, and articulate the health-related significance of child poverty, in collaboration with other sectors to advance healthy public policy.
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