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Ito G, Tabata S, Matsuu A, Hatai H, Goto-Koshino Y, Kuramoto T, Doi S, Momoi Y. Detection of feline morbillivirus in cats with symptoms of acute febrile infection. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:569-578. [PMID: 37672171 PMCID: PMC10811173 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) was identified for the first time in cats in 2012 in Hong Kong. Although its association with chronic kidney disease in cats has attracted the attention of researchers, its clinical significance as an acute infection has not been reported. Previously, we reported FeMV detection using next-generation sequence-based comprehensive genomic analysis of plasma samples from cats with suspected acute febrile infections. Here, we conducted an epidemiological survey to detect FeMV by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using blood samples from cats in Japan. FeMV was detected in 32/102 blood samples (31.4%) from cats with suspected acute viral infections. Most of the FeMV-positive cats had clinical findings consistent with acute viral infections, including fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and jaundice. No FeMV was detected in healthy cats or clinically ill cats that visited veterinary hospitals. Phylogenetic analysis classified FeMV L genes into various FeMV subtypes. We also necropsied a FeMV-positive cat that died of a suspected acute infection. On necropsy, FeMV was detected in systemic organs, including the kidneys, lymph nodes and spleen by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. These results suggest that FeMV infections may cause acute symptomatic febrile infections in cats. A limitation of this study was that the involvement of other pathogens that cause febrile illnesses could not be ruled out and this prevented a definitive conclusion that FeMV causes febrile disease in infected cats. Further studies that include experimental infections are warranted to determine the pathogenicity of FeMV in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Ito
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shoichi Tabata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hatai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Histopathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
- Farm Animal Clinical Skills and Disease Control Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohide Kuramoto
- Kagoshima University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Sakiko Doi
- Sanritsu Zelkova Co., Ltd., 3-5-5 Ogibashi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 113-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Sieg M, Busch J, Böttcher D, Vahlenkamp TW. In Vitro Modeling of Feline Morbillivirus Infections Using Primary Feline Kidney Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2808:153-165. [PMID: 38743369 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3870-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Domestic cats are the natural host of feline morbilliviruses (FeMV). Although other species can also be infected (such as dogs and opossums), no laboratory animal infection model is established so far. In vitro models for studying the molecular pathogenesis are therefore needed. For this purpose, propagation and titration of FeMV are key techniques. Unlike other morbilliviruses, such as canine distemper virus (CDV) or measles virus (MV), FeMV is a slow growing virus in cell culture and is difficult to titrate using classical plaque techniques. Here we describe methods for the efficient isolation of FeMV from natural sources (e.g., urine), the propagation of viral stocks, and their titration. In addition, we establish the generation of a three-dimensional infection model mimicking the feline tubular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sieg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Johannes Busch
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denny Böttcher
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas W Vahlenkamp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Makhtar ST, Tan SW, Nasruddin NA, Abdul Aziz NA, Omar AR, Mustaffa-Kamal F. Development of TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR assay based on N gene for the quantitative detection of feline morbillivirus. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:128. [PMID: 33757494 PMCID: PMC7987112 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Morbilliviruses are categorized under the family of Paramyxoviridae and have been associated with severe diseases, such as Peste des petits ruminants, canine distemper and measles with evidence of high morbidity and/or could cause major economic loss in production of livestock animals, such as goats and sheep. Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is one of the members of Morbilliviruses that has been speculated to cause chronic kidney disease in cats even though a definite relationship is still unclear. To date, FeMV has been detected in several continents, such as Asia (Japan, China, Thailand, Malaysia), Europe (Italy, German, Turkey), Africa (South Africa), and South and North America (Brazil, Unites States). This study aims to develop a TaqMan real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay targeting the N gene of FeMV in clinical samples to detect early phase of FeMV infection. Results A specific assay was developed, since no amplification was observed in viral strains from the same family of Paramyxoviridae, such as canine distemper virus (CDV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and measles virus (MeV), and other feline viruses, such as feline coronavirus (FCoV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). The lower detection limit of the assay was 1.74 × 104 copies/μL with Cq value of 34.32 ± 0.5 based on the cRNA copy number. The coefficient of variations (CV) values calculated for both intra- and inter-assay were low, ranging from 0.34–0.53% and 1.38–2.03%, respectively. In addition, the clinical sample evaluation using this assay showed a higher detection rate, with 25 (35.2%) clinical samples being FeMV-positive compared to 11 (15.5%) using conventional RT-PCR, proving a more sensitive assay compared to the conventional RT-PCR. Conclusions The TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR assay targeting the N gene described in this study is more sensitive, specific, rapid, and reproducible compared to the conventional RT-PCR assay targeting the N gene, which could be used to detect early infection in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Tasnim Makhtar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalina Nasruddin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farina Mustaffa-Kamal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chaiyasak S, Piewbang C, Rungsipipat A, Techangamsuwan S. Molecular epidemiology and genome analysis of feline morbillivirus in household and shelter cats in Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:240. [PMID: 32660481 PMCID: PMC7359279 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) has been discovered in domestic cats associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis, but FeMV is also detected in healthy cats. This research aimed to identify and characterize the FeMV strains detected in a Thai cat population. Results Two-hundred and ninety-two samples (131 urine and 161 blood) derived from 261 cats (61 sheltered and 200 household cats) were included for investigating the FeMV prevalence using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The overall prevalence of FeMV detection was 11.9% (31/261) among both samples, which accounted for 14.5% (19/131) and 7.5% (12/161) of the urine and blood samples, respectively. Among the FeMV-PCR positive cats, the FeMV-detected prevalence was insignificantly associated with healthy cats (58.1%; 18/31) or urologic cats (41.9%; 13/31). Full-length genome analysis of these FeMV-Thai strains revealed that their genomes clustered together in the FeMV-1A clade with up to 98.5% nucleotide identity. Selective pressure analysis showed that overall FeMV-1 has undergone negative selection, while positive selection sites were more frequently observed in the phosphoprotein gene. Conclusions The detected FeMV infections in the Thai cat population were not correlated with urologic disorders, although the virus was more detectable in urine samples. The genetic patterns among the FeMV-1 Thai strains were more consistent. A large-scale study of FeMV in Thai cat samples is needed for further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surangkanang Chaiyasak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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De Luca E, Crisi PE, Marcacci M, Malatesta D, Di Sabatino D, Cito F, D'Alterio N, Puglia I, Berjaoui S, Colaianni ML, Tinelli A, Ripà P, Vincifori G, Di Teodoro G, Dondi F, Savini G, Boari A, Lorusso A. Epidemiology, pathological aspects and genome heterogeneity of feline morbillivirus in Italy. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108484. [PMID: 31902482 PMCID: PMC7127367 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of FeMV in feline colonies was higher with respect household cats. FeMVs of this study belong to the genotype 1 and segregate into two clusters. Isolation has been confirmed to be difficult and time consuming. No statistically significant correlation was found between FeMV infection and TIN. Virus histochemistry revealed immunoreactivity in lungs, kidneys and brain sections.
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is an emerging morbillivirus first described in cats less than a decade ago. FeMV has been associated with chronic kidney disease of cats characterized by tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), although this aspect is still controversial and not demonstrated with certainty. To investigate FeMV prevalence and genomic characteristics, an epidemiological survey was conducted in a total number of 127 household cats originating from two Italian regions, Abruzzi and Emilia-Romagna. A total number of 69 cats originating from three feline colonies were also enrolled for the study. Correlation with TIN was investigated by employing a total number of 35 carcasses. Prevalence of FeMV RNA was higher in urine samples collected from cats of colonies (P = 31.8%, CI 95% 22.1–43.6) compared to household cats (P = 8.66%, CI 95% 4.9–14.9) and in young and middle-aged cats while prevalence of FeMV Abs was higher in old cats. Sequences obtained straight from infected biological samples, either partial or complete, cluster into two clades within FeMV genotype 1, distantly related to FeMV genotype 2. Immunohistochemistry analysis of kidney sections of FeMV RNA positive cats revealed immunoreactivity within epithelial cells of renal tubuli and inflammatory cells. However, statistically significant association between FeMV and renal damages, including TIN, was not demonstrated (p= 0.0695, Fisher exact test). By virus histochemistry performed with FeMV-negative feline tissues and a FeMV isolate, tropism for different cellular types such as inflammatory cells residing in blood vessels of kidney and brain, airway epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and to a lesser extent, the central nervous system, was demonstrated. Additional studies are warranted in order to establish viral tropism and immune response during the early phases of infection and to disentangle the role of FeMV in co-infection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana De Luca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Maurilia Marcacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Daria Di Sabatino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Cito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicola D'Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Shadia Berjaoui
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Tinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Ripà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Vincifori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Teodoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Boari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy.
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Donato G, De Luca E, Crisi PE, Pizzurro F, Masucci M, Marcacci M, Cito F, Di Sabatino D, Boari A, D'Alterio N, Pennisi MG, Lorusso A. Isolation and genome sequences of two Feline Morbillivirus genotype 1 strains from Italy. Vet Ital 2019; 55:179-182. [PMID: 31274181 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.1847.9883.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is a novel viral paramyxovirus detected in cats. FeMV is suspected to be associated to tubulointerstitial nephritis, but its pathogenic role is far to be clearly understood. In this short communication, we report the whole genome coding sequences of the first two FeMV strains isolated in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessio Lorusso
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: database and bioinformatic analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo Italy. Tel.: +39 0861 332440, fax: +39 0861 332251, e-mail:
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Stranieri A, Lauzi S, Dallari A, Gelain ME, Bonsembiante F, Ferro S, Paltrinieri S. Feline morbillivirus in Northern Italy: prevalence in urine and kidneys with and without renal disease. Vet Microbiol 2019; 233:133-9. [PMID: 31176399 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is an emerging virus that was first described in Hong Kong in 2012. Several reports suggested the epidemiological association of FeMV infection with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and the genetic diversity of FeMV as well as the relationship between FeMV infection and CKD in cats from Northern Italy. Urine (n = 81) and kidney samples (n = 27) from 92 cats admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Milan between 2014 and 2017 were investigated for FeMV infection. FeMV RNA was detected in one urine sample (1.23%; 95% CI: 0.03-6.68%) and in two kidneys (7.40%; 95% CI: 0.91-24.28%). FeMV RNA was revealed only in urine or kidneys of cats without evidence of CKD. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the three strains clustered with FeMV strains retrieved from public database, forming a distinct sub-cluster of FeMV. The presence of distinct genotypes of FeMV found in this study is in accordance with previous studies demonstrating that FeMV strains are genetically diverse. A clear relationship between the presence of FeMV infection and CKD in the cats from Northern Italy was not observed, confirming recent reports that do not support the hypothesis that FeMV infection is associated with the development of CKD.
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Sutummaporn K, Suzuki K, Machida N, Mizutani T, Park ES, Morikawa S, Furuya T. Association of feline morbillivirus infection with defined pathological changes in cat kidney tissues. Vet Microbiol 2018; 228:12-19. [PMID: 30593357 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is an emerging member of morbillivirus discovered in 2012. Although association of FeMV infection with kidney diseases in cats has been suggested, the pathogenicity of the virus has not been clear to date. To study the association between FeMV infection and pathological changes in kidney tissues of infected cats, we performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent assays to detect FeMV antigens and analyzed the effect of FeMV infection on the pathological changes in the kidney tissues. In 38 kidney tissue samples from cats, some tissue injury scores were significantly higher when the FeMV antigens were detected, especially those for the tubular tissues in which the FeMV antigens were mostly localized. Pathological changes associated with the FeMV antigens included the ones typically found in chronic kidney diseases, such as interstitial cell infiltration, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and fibrosis. We also detected some feline IgG localizations in glomerular tissues, though co-localization or significant association with the FeMV antigens were not found. Our study confirms the association of FeMV infection with some kidney tissue injuries and provides additional information about roles of FeMV infection in chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripitch Sutummaporn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 731170, Thailand
| | - Kazuhiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Noboru Machida
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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De Luca E, Crisi PE, Di Domenico M, Malatesta D, Vincifori G, Di Tommaso M, Di Guardo G, Di Francesco G, Petrini A, Savini G, Boari A, Lorusso A. A real-time RT-PCR assay for molecular identification and quantitation of feline morbillivirus RNA from biological specimens. J Virol Methods 2018; 258:24-28. [PMID: 29730392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a real-time RT-PCR to detect and quantitate feline morbillivirus (FeMV) RNA in biological samples. Primers and probe were targeted on a conserved region of FeMV P/V/C gene. To validate the assay with field samples, a total number of specimens of cats have been recruited including 264 urine and blood samples and compared with a generic RT-PCR targeting the L protein encoding gene of morbilliviruses. In addition, 385 tissue samples from 35 carcasses of cats have been also employed. RNA titres were low in all tested samples. Results also indicated the absence of cross-reaction with related morbilliviruses and existing pathogens of cats. In tissues with low levels of FeMV RNA, the presence of viral antigen was also evidenced by immunohistochemistry targeting the N viral protein. This newly described assay allows for a rapid, accurate and reliable quantitative detection of FeMV RNA that can be applied for diagnostics and research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana De Luca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Marco Di Domenico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Vincifori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Boari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy.
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Park ES, Suzuki M, Kimura M, Mizutani H, Saito R, Kubota N, Hasuike Y, Okajima J, Kasai H, Sato Y, Nakajima N, Maruyama K, Imaoka K, Morikawa S. Epidemiological and pathological study of feline morbillivirus infection in domestic cats in Japan. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:228. [PMID: 27724851 PMCID: PMC5057488 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline morbillivirus (FmoPV) is a novel paramyxovirus found to infect domestic cats. FmoPV has been isolated in several countries in Asia and Europe and is considered to have genetic diversity. Also, it is suspected to be associated with feline renal diseases including tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), which affects domestic cats with a high incidence rate. RESULTS To clarify the state of FmoPV infection among domestic cats in Japan, an epidemiological survey was conducted. Twenty-one out of 100 cats were found to have serum antibodies (Ab) against FmoPV-N protein by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IF) using FmoPV-N protein-expressing HeLa cells. Twenty-two of the cats were positive for FmoPV RNA in the urine and/or renal tissues. In total, 29 cats were positive for Ab and/or viral RNA. These FmoPV-infected cats were classified into three different phases of infection: RNA+/Ab + (14 cats), RNA+/Ab- (8 cats) and RNA-/Ab + (7 cats). In immunohistochemistry (IHC), 19 out of 29 cats were positive for FmoPV-N protein in kidney tissues; however, the FmoPV-N protein was located in the inflammatory lesions with severe grade in only four out of the 19 cats. Since 15 out of 29 infected cats were positive for viral RNA and Ab, approximately half of the infected cats were persistently infected with FmoPV. CONCLUSIONS A statistically significant difference was observed between infection of FmoPV and the presence of inflammatory changes in renal lesions, indicating a relationship between FmoPV infection and feline renal diseases. However, we could not obtain histopathological evidence of a relationship between FmoPV infection and TIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kimura
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizutani
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center, Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo, 143-0002, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Saito
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center, Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo, 143-0002, Japan
| | - Nami Kubota
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center, Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo, 143-0002, Japan
| | - Youko Hasuike
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center, Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo, 143-0002, Japan
| | - Jungo Okajima
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center, Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo, 143-0002, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kasai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center, Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo, 143-0002, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruyama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center, Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo, 143-0002, Japan
| | - Koichi Imaoka
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
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11
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Marcacci M, De Luca E, Zaccaria G, Di Tommaso M, Mangone I, Aste G, Savini G, Boari A, Lorusso A. Genome characterization of feline morbillivirus from Italy. J Virol Methods 2016; 234:160-3. [PMID: 27155238 PMCID: PMC7172958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The whole genome sequence of feline morbillivirus (FeMV) Piuma/2015 has been obtained by the combination of SISPA and NGS starting from the infected urine sample of a cat suffering of chronic kidney disease. The highest sequence identity was detected with early FeMVs from Hong Kong. Sequence heterogeneity exists within European FeMVs as for the existence of FeMVs in Germany and Turkey divergent from Piuma/2015.
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) has been recently identified by RT-PCR in the urine sample of a nephropathic cat in Italy. In this report, we describe the whole genome sequence of strain Piuma/2015 obtained by combination of sequence independent single primer amplification method (SISPA) and next generation sequencing (NGS) starting from RNA purified from the infected urine sample. The existence in Germany and Turkey of FeMVs from cats divergent from Piuma/2015, suggests the presence of FeMV heterogeneity in Europe as it has been described previously in Japan and China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurilia Marcacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Eliana De Luca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Guendalina Zaccaria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Iolanda Mangone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aste
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Boari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy.
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Park ES, Suzuki M, Kimura M, Maruyama K, Mizutani H, Saito R, Kubota N, Furuya T, Mizutani T, Imaoka K, Morikawa S. Identification of a natural recombination in the F and H genes of feline morbillivirus. Virology 2014; 468-470:524-531. [PMID: 25262470 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FmoPV) has recently been identified in Hong Kong and Japan. FmoPV is considered to belong to the genus Morbillivirus, in the family Paramyxoviridae. In this study, the complete nucleotide sequences of three strains of FmoPV detected in cats in Japan were determined. Among the six genes in FmoPV; N, P/V/C, M, F, H and L, the P gene showed the highest polymorphism in the nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences among the FmoPV strains. There was no geographical association in terms of the FmoPV phylogeny; however, from extensive phylogenetic and recombination analyses, we found that one Japanese FmoPV strain, MiJP003, was a probable recombinant between two virus strains in the independent lineages found in Japan and Hong Kong, respectively. The recombination was considered to have occurred within the F and H genes. Such recombination is thought to be involved in the evolution of FmoPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kimura
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruyama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo 143-0002, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizutani
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo 143-0002, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Saito
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo 143-0002, Japan
| | - Nami Kubota
- Tokyo Metropolitan Animal Care and Consultation Center Jounanjima Branch Office, Tokyo 143-0002, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Research and education center for prevention of global infectious diseases of animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and education center for prevention of global infectious diseases of animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Koichi Imaoka
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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