Presentation of Unusual Tracheal Metastasis on Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography after 9 Years in Postnephrectomy Patient of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Tracheal metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are extremely rare. Most common primary malignancy metastasizing to this unusual location usually comes from lung region while it is rare to have tracheal metastases from nonpulmonary malignancies such as breast, thyroid, colorectal carcinoma, and melanoma. The lesions detected on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, especially in the head and neck region, soft tissue, and muscular compartment during follow-up of RCC patients raise the possibility of metastatic lesions in these regions, though rarely encountered. F-18 FDG PET/CT proved to be a valuable noninvasive imaging tool in detecting the very unusual distant metastases and multisystem involvement many years after nephrectomy in RCC in a single session in the present case.

Unilateral primary adrenal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: Role of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging and interim response assessment

Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is a rare malignancy often involving bilateral adrenal glands. Diffuse large B-cell is the most common histological type. Unilateral presentation and T-cell/natural killer (T/NK) cell histological type is rarer. We report fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan findings in a case of unilateral T/NK cell PAL performed for staging and interim treatment response assessment.

Diagnostic dilemma involving a mass in the parapharyngeal space: A metastatic breast carcinoma masquerading as a malignant salivary gland tumor

Parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are rare and account for about 0.5% of all head and neck neoplasms. Most PPS tumors are benign (up to 80%) while the remaining 20% are malignant. These tumors are either primaries; most commonly arising from salivary glands or metastatic tumors or due to direct extension of tumors from the adjacent sites. Distant metastasis from breast cancers more commonly involves the lungs, bones, brain and liver. Metastasis to the PPS from a primary breast carcinoma is rare, with only one case reported in literature. We, to the best of our knowledge report the second case of a carcinoma breast metastasizing to the PPS and further discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges involved in its management. A fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan apart from explicitly defining the extent of the PPS tumor, majorly influenced the therapeutic decision making process by ruling out other sites of metastasis.

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the detection of primary pulmonary angiosarcomas

Angiosarcoma is a malignant vascular tumor that originates from the mesenchymal cells which have undergone angioblastic differentiation. Pulmonary angiosarcomas are invariably (>90%) metastatic tumors form primaries of the skin, bone, liver, breast, or heart. Primary pulmonary angiosarcomas are exceedingly rare, with just about 20 cases being reported in the literature. We report an additional case with a brief review of the literature of a primary pulmonary angiosarcoma in a 26-year-old lady who presented with intractable hemoptysis. In addition, we highlight the potential of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography as an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of this tumor and thus contribute to the existing sparse literature on this fascinating yet devastating disease.