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Abstract
Galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) are ruminant specific galectins, first reported in sheep. Although their roles in parasite immunity are still being elucidated, it appears that they influence protection against parasites. In gastrointestinal infections with the nematode Haemonchus contortus, both galectin-11 and galectin-14 appear to be protective. However, in a chronic infection of liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, these galectins may aid parasite survival. To unravel the structural, functional, and ligand profile of galectin-11 and galectin-14, recombinant production of these proteins is vital. Here we present the recombinant production of soluble galectin-11 and galectin-14 from domestic sheep for in vitro and structural biology studies. These methods include parasite cultivation and infection, galectin staining of host and parasite tissue, surface staining of parasites with recombinant galectins, pull-down assays to identify endogenous galectin binding proteins, and in vitro assays to monitor the effect of galectins on parasite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Swan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for Agri Bioscience (Agri Bio), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dhanasekaran Sakthivel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for Agri Bioscience (Agri Bio), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Stear
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for Agri Bioscience (Agri Bio), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Piedrafita
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, VIC, Australia.
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Sakthivel D, Swan J, Preston S, Shakif-Azam MD, Faou P, Jiao Y, Downs R, Rajapaksha H, Gasser R, Piedrafita D, Beddoe T. Proteomic identification of galectin-11 and 14 ligands from Haemonchus contortus. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4510. [PMID: 29576976 PMCID: PMC5863708 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic nematode of small ruminants. Infection in sheep and goats results in anaemia that decreases animal productivity and can ultimately cause death. The involvement of ruminant-specific galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) has been postulated to play important roles in protective immune responses against parasitic infection; however, their ligands are unknown. In the current study, LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 ligands in H. contortus were identified from larval (L4) and adult parasitic stages extracts using immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 affinity column chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 bound more putative protein targets in the adult stage of H. contortus (43 proteins) when compared to the larval stage (two proteins). Of the 43 proteins identified in the adult stage, 34 and 35 proteins were bound by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14, respectively, with 26 proteins binding to both galectins. Interestingly, hematophagous stage-specific sperm-coating protein and zinc metalloprotease (M13), which are known vaccine candidates, were identified as putative ligands of both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14. The identification of glycoproteins of H. contortus by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 provide new insights into host-parasite interactions and the potential for developing new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekaran Sakthivel
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Jaclyn Swan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - M D Shakif-Azam
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Pierre Faou
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Yaqing Jiao
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachael Downs
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Harinda Rajapaksha
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Robin Gasser
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Piedrafita
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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