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Humphrey V, Rodell M, Eicker A. Using Satellite-Based Terrestrial Water Storage Data: A Review. Surv Geophys 2023; 44:1489-1517. [PMID: 37771629 PMCID: PMC10522521 DOI: 10.1007/s10712-022-09754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Land water storage plays a key role for the Earth's climate, natural ecosystems, and human activities. Since the launch of the first Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission in 2002, spaceborne observations of changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) have provided a unique, global perspective on natural and human-induced changes in freshwater resources. Even though they have become much used within the broader Earth system science community, space-based TWS datasets still incorporate important and case-specific limitations which may not always be clear to users not familiar with the underlying processing algorithms. Here, we provide an accessible and illustrated overview of the measurement concept, of the main available data products, and of some frequently encountered technical terms and concepts. We summarize concrete recommendations on how to use TWS data in combination with other hydrological or climatological datasets, and guidance on how to avoid possible pitfalls. Finally, we provide an overview of some of the main applications of GRACE TWS data in the fields of hydrology and climate science. This review is written with the intention of supporting future research and facilitating the use of satellite-based terrestrial water storage datasets in interdisciplinary contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Humphrey
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Rodell
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - Annette Eicker
- HafenCity University Hamburg, Überseeallee 16, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Ohnesorge M. Pluralizing measurement: Physical geodesy's measurement problem and its resolution. Stud Hist Philos Sci 2022; 96:51-67. [PMID: 36155173 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Derived measurements involve problems of coordination. Conducting them often requires detailed theoretical assumptions about their target, while such assumptions can lack sources of evidence that are independent from these very measurements. In this paper, I defend two claims about problems of coordination. I motivate both by a novel case study on a central measurement problem in the history of physical geodesy: the determination of the earth's ellipticity. First, I argue that the severity of problems of coordination varies according to scientists' predictive and experimental control over perturbations of the measurement process. Second, I identify a methodology by which scientists can solve hard problems of coordination and gradually increase their predictive control over perturbations. I dub this methodology 'operational pluralism' since it is driven by the introduction of alternative measurement operations that involve different physical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ohnesorge
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge CB2 3RH, United Kingdom.
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3
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Rateb A, Sun A, Scanlon BR, Save H, Hasan E. Reconstruction of GRACE Mass Change Time Series Using a Bayesian Framework. Earth Space Sci 2022; 9:e2021EA002162. [PMID: 36032558 PMCID: PMC9400854 DOI: 10.1029/2021ea002162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and its Follow On (GRACE (-FO)) missions have resulted in a paradigm shift in understanding the temporal changes in the Earth's gravity field and its drivers. To provide continuous observations to the user community, missing monthly solutions within and between GRACE (-FO) missions (33 solutions) need to be imputed. Here, we modeled GRACE (-FO) data (196 solutions) between 04/2002-04/2021 to infer missing solutions and derive uncertainties in the existing and missing observations using Bayesian inference. First, we parametrized the GRACE (-FO) time series using an additive generative model comprising long-term variability (secular trend + interannual to decadal variations), annual, and semi-annual cycles. Informative priors for each component were used and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) was applied to generate 2,000 samples for each component to quantify the posterior distributions. Second, we reconstructed the new data (229 solutions) by joining medians of posterior distributions of all components and adding back the residuals to secure the variability of the original data. Results show that the reconstructed solutions explain 99% of the variability of the original data at the basin scale and 78% at the one-degree grid scale. The results outperform other reconstructed data in terms of accuracy relative to land surface modeling. Our data-driven approach relies only on GRACE (-FO) observations and provides a total uncertainty over GRACE (-FO) data from the data-generation process perspective. Moreover, the predictive posterior distribution can be potentially used for "nowcasting" in GRACE (-FO) near-real-time applications (e.g., data assimilations), which minimize the current mission data latency (40-60 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Rateb
- Bureau of Economic GeologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Alexander Sun
- Bureau of Economic GeologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | | | - Himanshu Save
- Center for Space ResearchUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Emad Hasan
- Center for Space ResearchUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
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4
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Ohnesorge M. How incoherent measurement succeeds: Coordination and success in the measurement of the earth's polar flattening. Stud Hist Philos Sci 2021; 88:245-262. [PMID: 34237521 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of nineteenth-century geodetic measurement challenges the dominant coherentist account of metric success. Coherentists argue that measurements of a parameter are successful if their numerical outcomes convergence across varying contextual constraints. Aiming at numerical convergence, in turn, offers an operational aim for scientists to solve problems of coordination. Geodesists faced such a problem of coordination between two indicators of the earth's polar flattening, which were both based on imperfect ellipsoid models. While not achieving numerical convergence, their measurements produced novel data that grounded valuable theoretical hypotheses. Consequently, they ought to be regarded as epistemically successful. This insight warrants a dynamic revision of coherentism, which allows to judge the success of a metric based on both its coherence and fruitfulness. On that view, scientific measurement aims to coordinate theoretical definitions and produce novel data and theoretical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ohnesorge
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge, CB2 3RH, United Kingdom.
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5
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Neely WR, Borsa AA, Burney JA, Levy MC, Silverii F, Sneed M. Characterization of Groundwater Recharge and Flow in California's San Joaquin Valley From InSAR-Observed Surface Deformation. Water Resour Res 2021; 57:e2020WR028451. [PMID: 33867591 PMCID: PMC8047915 DOI: 10.1029/2020wr028451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface deformation in California's Central Valley (CV) has long been linked to changes in groundwater storage. Recent advances in remote sensing have enabled the mapping of CV deformation and associated changes in groundwater resources at increasingly higher spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) from the Sentinel-1 missions, augmented by continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) positioning, to characterize the surface deformation of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV, southern two-thirds of the CV) for consecutive dry (2016) and wet (2017) water years. We separate trends and seasonal oscillations in deformation time series and interpret them in the context of surface and groundwater hydrology. We find that subsidence rates in 2016 (mean -42.0 mm/yr; peak -345 mm/yr) are twice that in 2017 (mean -20.4 mm/yr; peak -177 mm/yr), consistent with increased groundwater pumping in 2016 to offset the loss of surface-water deliveries. Locations of greatest subsidence migrated outwards from the valley axis in the wetter 2017 water year, possibly reflecting a surplus of surface-water supplies in the lowest portions of the SJV. Patterns in the amplitude of seasonal deformation and the timing of peak seasonal uplift reveal entry points and potential pathways for groundwater recharge into the SJV and subsequent groundwater flow within the aquifer. This study provides novel insight into the SJV aquifer system that can be used to constrain groundwater flow and subsidence models, which has relevance to groundwater management in the context of California's 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R. Neely
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Adrian A. Borsa
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jennifer A. Burney
- School of Global Policy and StrategyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Morgan C. Levy
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- School of Global Policy and StrategyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Francesca Silverii
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- German Research Centre for Geoscience (GFZ)PotsdamGermany
| | - Michelle Sneed
- California Water Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveySacramentoCAUSA
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Donnellan A, Parker J, Heflin M, Glasscoe M, Lyzenga G, Pierce M, Wang J, Rundle J, Ludwig LG, Granat R, Mirkhanian M, Pulver N. Improving access to geodetic imaging crustal deformation data using GeoGateway. Earth Sci Inform 2021; 15:1513-1525. [PMID: 36003898 PMCID: PMC9392716 DOI: 10.1007/s12145-020-00561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GeoGateway (http://geo-gateway.org) is a web-based interface for analysis and modeling of geodetic imaging data and to support response to related disasters. Geodetic imaging data product currently supported by GeoGateway include Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) daily position time series and derived velocities and displacements and airborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) from NASA's UAVSAR platform. GeoGateway allows users to layer data products in a web map interface and extract information from various tools. Extracted products can be downloaded for further analysis. GeoGateway includes overlays of California fault traces, seismicity from user selected search parameters, and user supplied map files. GeoGateway also provides earthquake nowcasts and hazard maps as well as products created for related response to natural disasters. A user guide is present in the GeoGateway interface. The GeoGateway development team is also growing the user base through workshops, webinars, and video tutorials. GeoGateway is used in the classroom and for research by experts and non-experts including by students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Donnellan
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Jay Parker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Michael Heflin
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Margaret Glasscoe
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Gregory Lyzenga
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | - Jun Wang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nathan Pulver
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
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Plank L, Lovell JEJ, McCallum JN, Mayer D, Reynolds C, Quick J, Weston S, Titov O, Shabala SS, Böhm J, Natusch T, Nickola M, Gulyaev S. The AUSTRAL VLBI observing program. J Geod 2016; 91:803-817. [PMID: 32025105 PMCID: PMC6979662 DOI: 10.1007/s00190-016-0949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The AUSTRAL observing program was started in 2011, performing geodetic and astrometric very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) sessions using the new Australian AuScope VLBI antennas at Hobart, Katherine, and Yarragadee, with contribution from the Warkworth (New Zealand) 12 m and Hartebeesthoek (South Africa) 15 m antennas to make a southern hemisphere array of telescopes with similar design and capability. Designed in the style of the next-generation VLBI system, these small and fast antennas allow for a new way of observing, comprising higher data rates and more observations than the standard observing sessions coordinated by the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS). In this contribution, the continuous development of the AUSTRAL sessions is described, leading to an improvement of the results in terms of baseline length repeatabilities by a factor of two since the start of this program. The focus is on the scheduling strategy and increased number of observations, aspects of automated operation, and data logistics, as well as results of the 151 AUSTRAL sessions performed so far. The high number of the AUSTRAL sessions makes them an important contributor to VLBI end-products, such as the terrestrial and celestial reference frames and Earth orientation parameters. We compare AUSTRAL results with other IVS sessions and discuss their suitability for the determination of baselines, station coordinates, source coordinates, and Earth orientation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Plank
- University of Tasmania, Private Bag 37, Hobart, 7001 Australia
| | - J. E. J. Lovell
- University of Tasmania, Private Bag 37, Hobart, 7001 Australia
| | - J. N. McCallum
- University of Tasmania, Private Bag 37, Hobart, 7001 Australia
| | - D. Mayer
- Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - C. Reynolds
- ICRAR/Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Present Address: CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Kensington, Australia
| | - J. Quick
- Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Krugersdorp, South Africa
| | - S. Weston
- Institute for Radio Astronomy and Space Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - O. Titov
- Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia
| | - S. S. Shabala
- University of Tasmania, Private Bag 37, Hobart, 7001 Australia
| | - J. Böhm
- Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - T. Natusch
- Institute for Radio Astronomy and Space Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M. Nickola
- Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Krugersdorp, South Africa
| | - S. Gulyaev
- Institute for Radio Astronomy and Space Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Minson SE, Brooks BA, Glennie CL, Murray JR, Langbein JO, Owen SE, Heaton TH, Iannucci RA, Hauser DL. Crowdsourced earthquake early warning. Sci Adv 2015; 1:e1500036. [PMID: 26601167 PMCID: PMC4640622 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Earthquake early warning (EEW) can reduce harm to people and infrastructure from earthquakes and tsunamis, but it has not been implemented in most high earthquake-risk regions because of prohibitive cost. Common consumer devices such as smartphones contain low-cost versions of the sensors used in EEW. Although less accurate than scientific-grade instruments, these sensors are globally ubiquitous. Through controlled tests of consumer devices, simulation of an M w (moment magnitude) 7 earthquake on California's Hayward fault, and real data from the M w 9 Tohoku-oki earthquake, we demonstrate that EEW could be achieved via crowdsourcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Minson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Brooks
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Craig L. Glennie
- National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | | | | | - Susan E. Owen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, La Cañada Flintridge, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | | | - Darren L. Hauser
- National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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