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Khalmuratova I, Choi DH, Woo JR, Jeong MJ, Oh Y, Kim YG, Lee IJ, Choo YS, Kim JG. Diversity and Plant Growth-Promoting Effects of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Salt-Tolerant Plants. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1680-1687. [PMID: 32876070 PMCID: PMC9728227 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2006.06050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are symbiotic microorganisms that are often found in asymptomatic plants. This study describes the genetic diversity of the fungal endophytes isolated from the roots of plants sampled from the west coast of Korea. Five halophytic plant species, Limonium tetragonum, Suaeda australis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda glauca Bunge, and Phragmites australis, were collected from a salt marsh in Gochang and used to isolate and identify culturable, root-associated endophytic fungi. The fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 was used as the DNA barcode for the classification of these specimens. In total, 156 isolates of the fungal strains were identified and categorized into 23 genera and two phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), with Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes as the predominant classes. The genus Alternaria accounted for the largest number of strains, followed by Cladosporium and Fusarium. The highest diversity index was obtained from the endophytic fungal group associated with the plant P. australis. Waito-C rice seedlings were treated with the fungal culture filtrates to analyze their plant growth-promoting capacity. A bioassay of the Sm-3-7-5 fungal strain isolated from S. maritima confirmed that it had the highest plant growth-promoting capacity. Molecular identification of the Sm-3-7-5 strain revealed that it belongs to Alternaria alternata and is a producer of gibberellins. These findings provided a fundamental basis for understanding the symbiotic interactions between plants and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Khalmuratova
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 4566, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Ho Choi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 4566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ri Woo
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 4566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Jeong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 4566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosun Oh
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 4566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guk Kim
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 4566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Choo
- Department of Biology, College of National Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daeagu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Guk Kim
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 4566, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-53-950-5379 Fax: +82-53-955-5379 E-mail:
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Khalmuratova I, Kim H, Nam YJ, Oh Y, Jeong MJ, Choi HR, You YH, Choo YS, Lee IJ, Shin JH, Yoon H, Kim JG. Diversity and Plant Growth Promoting Capacity of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Halophytic Plants from the West Coast of Korea. Mycobiology 2015; 43:373-83. [PMID: 26839496 PMCID: PMC4731641 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2015.43.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Five halophytic plant species, Suaeda maritima, Limonium tetragonum, Suaeda australis, Phragmites australis, and Suaeda glauca Bunge, which are native to the Muan salt marsh of South Korea, were examined for fungal endophytes by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region containing ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2. In total, 160 endophytic fungal strains were isolated and identified from the roots of the 5 plant species. Taxonomically, all 160 strains belonged to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota. The most dominant genus was Fusarium, followed by the genera Penicillium and Alternaria. Subsequently, using 5 statistical methods, the diversity indices of the endophytes were determined at genus level. Among these halophytic plants, P. australis was found to host the greatest diversity of endophytic fungi. Culture filtrates of endophytic fungi were treated to Waito-C rice seedlings for plant growth-promoting effects. The fungal strain Su-3-4-3 isolated from S. glauca Bunge provide the maximum plant length (20.1 cm) in comparison with wild-type Gibberella fujikuroi (19.6 cm). Consequently, chromatographic analysis of the culture filtrate of Su-3-4-3 showed the presence of physiologically active gibberellins, GA1 (0.465 ng/mL), GA3 (1.808 ng/mL) along with other physiologically inactive GA9 (0.054 ng/mL) and GA24 (0.044 ng/mL). The fungal isolate Su-3-4-3 was identified as Talaromyces pinophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Khalmuratova
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jong Nam
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Yoosun Oh
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Jeong
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Choi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young-Hyun You
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Choo
- Department of Biology, College of National Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Yoon
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Jong-Guk Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Bertness MD, Wikler K, Chatkupt T. Flood tolerance and the distribution of Iva frutescens across New England salt marshes. Oecologia 1992; 91:171-178. [PMID: 28313453 DOI: 10.1007/bf00317780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/1992] [Accepted: 03/26/1992] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tidal flooding is widely believed to be an important determinant of marsh plant distributions but has rarely been tested in the field. In New England the marsh elder Iva frutescens often dominates the terrestrial border of salt marshes and we examined its flood tolerance and distribution patterns. Marsh elders only occur at elevations where their roots are not subject to prolonged water table flooding. Consequently they are found on the terrestrial border of marshes and at lower elevations associated with drainage ditches and locally elevated surfaces. Marsh elders transplanted to elevations lower than they normally occur died within a year with or without neighbors and greenhouse tests revealed that I. frutescens is much less tolerant of flooded soil conditions than plants found at lower marsh elevations. We also manipulated the water table level of field plots and found that increasing or decreasing water table drainage led to enhanced and diminished I. frutescens performance, respectively. Our results demonstrate the importance of water table dynamics in generating spatial patterns in marsh plant communities and provide further evidence that supports the hypothesis that the seaward distributional limits of marsh plant populations are generally dictated by physical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Bertness
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 02912, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Karen Wikler
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 02912, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tom Chatkupt
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 02912, Providence, RI, USA
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