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Rao PS, Reed K, Modi N, Handler D, de Guex KP, Yu S, Kagan L, Reiss R, Narayanan N, Peloquin CA, Lardizabal A, Vinnard C, Thomas TA, Xie YL, Heysell SK. Isoniazid urine spectrophotometry for prediction of serum pharmacokinetics in adults with TB. IJTLD Open 2024; 1:90-95. [PMID: 38655375 PMCID: PMC11037464 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.23.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoniazid (INH) is an important drug in many TB regimens, and unfavorable treatment outcomes can be caused by suboptimal pharmacokinetics. Dose adjustment can be personalized by measuring peak serum concentrations; however, the process involves cold-chain preservation and laboratory techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC)/mass spectrometry (MS), which are unavailable in many high-burden settings. Urine spectrophotometry could provide a low-cost alternative with simple sampling and quantification methods. METHODS We enrolled 56 adult patients on treatment for active TB. Serum was collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h for measurement of INH concentrations using validated LC-MS/MS methods. Urine was collected at 0-4, 4-8, and 8-24 h intervals, with INH concentrations measured using colorimetric methods. RESULTS The median peak serum concentration and total serum exposure over 24 h were 4.8 mg/L and 16.4 mg*hour/L, respectively. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curves for urine values predicting a subtherapeutic serum concentration (peak <3.0 mg/L) were as follows: 0-4 h interval (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.7-0.96), 0-8 h interval (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.71-0.96), and 0-24 h urine collection interval (AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.68-0.96). CONCLUSION Urine spectrophotometry may improve feasibility of personalized dosing in high TB burden regions but requires further study of target attainment following dose adjustment based on a urine threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Rao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - K Reed
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - N Modi
- Public Health Research Institute and Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - D Handler
- Public Health Research Institute and Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - K Petros de Guex
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - S Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - L Kagan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - R Reiss
- Public Health Research Institute and Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - N Narayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - C A Peloquin
- College of Pharmacy and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A Lardizabal
- Public Health Research Institute and Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - C Vinnard
- Public Health Research Institute and Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - T A Thomas
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Y L Xie
- Public Health Research Institute and Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - S K Heysell
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Pornin W, Phatchana R, Somboon T, Ruangpornvisuti V, Sang-Aroon W. A DFT study on non-enzymatic degradations of anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid. J Mol Model 2023; 29:291. [PMID: 37615715 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Isoniazid (INH) is one of the medications most used for tuberculosis (TB) treatment. However, long-term continuous therapy can cause hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuritis. The degradation of INH is an important aspect of the research in the field of drug stability as well as drug formulation for controlling release. It is thought that tautomerization, hydrolysis as well as nucleophilic substitutions can cause decrease in INH as non-enzymatic degradation. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms and energies of the major reactions in order to provide reference for future drug formulation and application. This study is an effort to understand the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the non-enzymatic degradation reactions. The chemical reaction phenomena are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. This study shows that major degradation of INH can be done via tautomerization followed by hydrolysis. The general trends in nucleophilic degradation presented here are consistent with experimental pKa of nucleophiles. METHODS All DFT calculations were performed using the Gaussian Software Packages (Gaussian 09 revision B.01 and GaussView 5.0.8). MOLEKEL 4.3 software was utilized to visualize the molecular graphics of all relevant species. The optimized molecular geometries were calculated using B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level in the gas phase. The IEF-PCM/B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level was selected for single-point and frequency calculations in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirachai Pornin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, KhonKaen Campus, KhonKaen, 40000, Thailand
| | - Ratchanee Phatchana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, KhonKaen Campus, KhonKaen, 40000, Thailand
| | - Titikan Somboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, KhonKaen Campus, KhonKaen, 40000, Thailand
| | - Vithaya Ruangpornvisuti
- Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10320, Thailand
| | - Wichien Sang-Aroon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, KhonKaen Campus, KhonKaen, 40000, Thailand.
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Traoré AN, Rikhotso MC, Mphaphuli MA, Patel SM, Mahamud HA, Kachienga LO, Kabue JP, Potgieter N. Isoniazid and Rifampicin Resistance-Conferring Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from South Africa. Pathogens 2023; 12:1015. [PMID: 37623975 PMCID: PMC10458554 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), remains a significant global health issue, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The emergence of drug-resistant strains, particularly multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), poses difficult challenges to TB control efforts. This comprehensive review and meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of and molecular insights into isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance-conferring mutations in M. tb isolates from South Africa. Through systematic search and analysis of 11 relevant studies, we determined the prevalence of gene mutations associated with RIF and INH resistance, such as rpoB, katG, and inhA. The findings demonstrated a high prevalence of specific mutations, including S450L in rpoB, and S315T, which are linked to resistance against RIF and INH, respectively. These results contribute to the understanding of drug resistance mechanisms and provide valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions against drug-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsatou Ndama Traoré
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering & Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (M.C.R.); (M.A.M.); (S.M.P.); (H.A.M.); (L.O.K.); (J.-P.K.); (N.P.)
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Naicker N, Rodel H, Perumal R, Ganga Y, Bernstein M, Benede N, Abdool Karim S, Padayacthi N, Sigal A, Naidoo K. Metformin Increases Cell Viability and Regulates Pro-Inflammatory Response to Mtb. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3629-3638. [PMID: 37309381 PMCID: PMC10257915 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s401403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current TB treatment regimens are pathogen-directed and can be severely compromised by the development of drug resistance. Metformin has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy for TB, however relatively little is known about how metformin modulates the cellular interaction between Mtb and macrophages. We aimed to characterize how metformin modulates Mtb growth within macrophages. Methods We utilized live cell tracking through time-lapse microscopy to better understand the biological effect of metformin in response to Mtb infection. Furthermore, the potent first-line anti-TB drug, isoniazid, was used as a comparator and as a companion drug. Results Metformin caused a 14.2-fold decrease in Mtb growth compared to the untreated control. Metformin combined with isoniazid controlled Mtb growth is slightly better than isoniazid alone. Metformin demonstrated the ability to regulate the cytokine and chemokine response over a 72 hour period, better than isoniazid only. Conclusion We provide novel evidence that metformin controls mycobacterial growth by increasing host cell viability, and a direct and independent pro-inflammatory response to Mtb. Understanding the impact of metformin on Mtb growth within macrophages will advance our current knowledge on metformin as an adjunctive therapy, providing a new host-directed approach to TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Naicker
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Hylton Rodel
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rubeshan Perumal
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Yashica Ganga
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Ntombi Benede
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nesri Padayacthi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Chen C, Zhao X, An Z, Ahmad MJ, Niu K, Zhang X, Nie P, Tang J, Liang A, Yang L. Nasal immunization with AMH- INH-RFRP DNA vaccine for improving follicle development and fertility in buffaloes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1076404. [PMID: 36891049 PMCID: PMC9986533 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1076404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibin DNA vaccine has already been proven to improve the fertility of animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a novel Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)-Inhibin (INH)-RF-amide-related peptides (RFRP) DNA vaccine on immune response and reproductive performance in buffalo. METHODS A total of 84 buffaloes were randomly divided into four groups and nasally immunized twice a day with 10 ml of either AMH-INH-RFRP DNA vaccines (3 × 1010 CFU/ml in group T1, 3 × 109 CFU/ml in group T2, and 3 × 108 CFU/ml in group T3) or PBS (as a control) for 3 days, respectively. All animals received a booster dose at an interval of 14 days. RESULTS ELISA assay revealed that primary and booster immunization significantly increased the anti-AMH, anti-INH, and anti-RFRP antibody titers in the T2 group compared with that in the T3 group. After the primary immunization, the antibody positive rate was significantly higher in the T2 group than that in the T3 group. In addition, ELISA results indicated that concentrations of E2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were significantly higher in the antibody-positive (P) group compared to the antibody-negative (N) group. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of P4 between the P and N groups. Ultrasonography results revealed a highly significant increase of 2.02 mm in the diameter of ovulatory follicles in the P group compared to the N group. In parallel, growth speed of dominant follicles was significantly higher in the P group than that in the N group (1.33 ± 1.30 vs 1.13 ± 0.12). Furthermore, compared to N group, the rates of oestrus, ovulation, and conception were also significantly higher in the P group. CONCLUSION The novel AMH-INH-RFRP DNA vaccine improves the proportion of oestrus, ovulation, and conception in buffalo by promoting the production of E2 and the growth of follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhong Zhao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigao An
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Jamil Ahmad
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Nie
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaomei Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Aixin Liang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liguo Yang, ; Aixin Liang,
| | - Liguo Yang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liguo Yang, ; Aixin Liang,
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Khosravi AD, Savari M, Khoshnood S, Shahi F, Farshadzadeh Z. Toxin-antitoxin Genes Expression in Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates under Drug Exposure. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:66-72. [PMID: 37226796 DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666230524144448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxin-antitoxin systems (TAs) are highly conserved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The TAs role in maintaining and disseminating drug resistance in bacterial populations has been indicated. So, we aimed to analyze the expression level of mazEF-related genes in drugsusceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mtb isolates under isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) stress. METHODS We obtained 23 Mtb isolates, including 18 MDR and 5 susceptible isolates, from the Ahvaz Regional TB Laboratory collection. The expression levels of mazF3, mazF6, and mazF9 toxin genes, and mazE3, mazE6, and mazE9 antitoxin genes in MDR and susceptible isolates were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) after exposure to RIF and INH. RESULTS The mazF3, F6, and F9 toxin genes were overexpressed in at least two MDR isolates in the presence of RIF and INH, in contrast to mazE antitoxin genes. More MDR isolates were induced to overexpress mazF genes by RIF than INH (72.2% vs. 50%). Compared to the H37Rv strain and susceptible isolates, the expression levels of mazF3,6 by RIF and mazF3,6,9 by INH were significantly upregulated in MDR isolates (p<0.05), but no remarkable difference was detected in the expression level of mazF9 genes by INH between these groups. In susceptible isolates, the expression levels of mazE3,6 by RIF and mazE3,6,9 by INH were induced and enhanced significantly compared to MDR isolates, but there was no difference between MDR and H37Rv strain. CONCLUSION Based on the results, we propose that mazF expression under RIF/INH stress may be associated with drug resistance in Mtb in addition to mutations, and the mazE antitoxins may be related to enhanced susceptibility of Mtb to INH and RIF. Further experiments are needed to investigate the exact mechanism underlying the TA system's role in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Iranian Study Group on Microbial Drug Resistance, Iran
| | - Mohammad Savari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Farshadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Haghighi L, Mohabbatian B, Najmi Z, Rokhgireh S, Saadatjoo S, Moradi Y, Mokhtari M. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide ( INH) versus extra-amniotic saline infusion (EASI) for cervical ripening at term: a randomised controlled trial. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2693-2697. [PMID: 35786390 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2084370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this trial was to compare extra-amniotic saline infusion (EASI) and intravaginal isoniazid (INH) for cervical ripening. This randomised clinical trial included 150 pregnant women who were undergoing induction of labour and who required pre-induction cervical ripening. Patients were randomly assigned to receive EASI or intravaginal INH. Bishop's score at the beginning of the study and before oxytocin infusion was not significantly different between INH and EASI groups. However, the time from first intervention to the beginning of the induction and also to the beginning of the active phase were significantly shorter in EASI group (p value ≤.001). Moreover, INH did not influence the labour process after the beginning of the active phase of labour. In conclusion, INH could be used for cervical ripening especially in the outpatient setting; however, it is a slower ripening agent compared to EASI.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? To date there has been only one study about the safety and effectiveness of isoniazid (INH) in cervical ripening at term pregnancy which has compared INH with misoprostol.What do the results of this study add? The results of this study showed that vaginal INH is an effective agent for cervical ripening at term but in comparison to extra-amniotic saline infusion (EASI) it takes a longer time.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? INH can be used in outpatient settings for cervical ripening at term pregnancy which makes it convenient for patient and cost effective for both patient and health system. Further studies are needed to discover the clinical efficacy of INH in comparison to other ripening methods and also the best dosage of INH for cervical ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Haghighi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mohabbatian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Najmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rokhgireh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Saadatjoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mokhtari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yaghoubi A, Davoodi J, Asgharzadeh F, Rezaie S, Nazari E, Khazaei M, Soleimanpour S. Therapeutic effect of an anti-tuberculosis agent, isoniazid, and its nano-isoform in ulcerative colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107577. [PMID: 33812254 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoniazid (INH) is well known as a first-line anti-tuberculosis, while some studies demonstrate that it has anti-inflammatory activity via a different mechanism such as inhibitionthe production of IL-1, ROS, activation of PPARγ expression, inhibition of the transcriptional regulatory activity of NF-κB and AP-1. The aim of this study, investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of INH and INH combined with Sulfasalazine-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in the ulcerative colitis mouse model. METHODS To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of INH and NPs in the ulcerative colitis mice model, we evaluated the effect of INH clinical symptoms and colonic mucosal histology in colitis. RESULT The present study demonstrates that combination therapy of INH with sulfasalazine as well as NPs reduces the symptom of ulcerative colitis and improved disease activity index include body lose weight, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, colonic length, spleen weight, and colon histopathological score in DSS-induced colitis mice model. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the nanoforms of INH with sulfasalazine enhances the therapeutic effect of the drugs in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Yaghoubi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javid Davoodi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Rezaie
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Nazari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Huang CC, Becerra MC, Calderon R, Contreras C, Galea J, Grandjean L, Lecca L, Yataco R, Zhang Z, Murray M. Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Contacts of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1159-1168. [PMID: 32551948 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1576oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The World Health Organization recommends the use of isoniazid (INH) alone or in combination with rifapentine to treat latent tuberculosis infections. The recent rise of drug-resistant tuberculosis has complicated the choice of treatment regimen for latent tuberculosis infection.Objectives: To evaluate the effects of INH preventive therapy on the contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.Methods: In a prospective cohort study conducted between September 2009 and August 2012, we identified 4,500 index patients with tuberculosis and 14,044 tuberculosis-exposed household contacts who we followed for 1 year for the occurrence of incident tuberculosis disease. Although Peruvian national guidelines specify that INH preventive therapy should be provided to contacts aged 19 years old or younger, only half this group received INH preventive therapy.Measurements and Main Results: Among 4,216 contacts under 19 years of age, 2,106 contacts (50%) initiated INH preventive therapy at enrollment. The protective effect of INH was more extreme in contacts exposed to drug-sensitive tuberculosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.48) and to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.66) compared with those exposed to mono-INH-resistant tuberculosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-2.80). In the second independent study, tuberculosis occurred in none of the 76 household contacts who received INH preventive therapy compared with 3% (8 of 273) of those who did not.Conclusions: Household contacts who received INH preventive therapy had a lower incidence of tuberculosis disease even when they had been exposed to an index patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. INH may have a role in the management of latent multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chin Huang
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mercedes C Becerra
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Jerome Galea
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Louis Grandjean
- Wellcome Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; and.,TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonid Lecca
- Partners in Health-Socios En Salud Sucursal, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosa Yataco
- Partners in Health-Socios En Salud Sucursal, Lima, Peru
| | - Zibiao Zhang
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan Murray
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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10
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Shkurupy VA, Cherdantseva LA, Kovner AV, Troitskii AV, Bystrova TN, Starostenko AA. Structural Changes in the Lungs and Liver of Mice with Experimental Tuberculosis Treated with Liposome-Encapsulated Dextrazide. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:654-657. [PMID: 32246371 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Male BALB/с mice were intravenously infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (0.5 ml of 2-week culture). One month later, treatment with liposome-encapsulated dextrazide (LEDZ, a conjugate of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and 40 kDa oxidized dextran encapsulated in phosphatidylcholine liposomes), INH, or a combination of LEDZ with INH was started. The doses of LEDZ (liposome suspension) and INH were 0.025 ml/10 g body weight and 5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. All the substances were administered 2 times a week via inhalation or intraperitoneally (a total of 40 doses). We studied the number and the size of tuberculous granulomas, the size of destruction foci and inflammatory infiltrates in the lungs and liver, the amount of fibrous connective tissue, and the dynamic of these parameters. LEDZ+INH inhalations were most effective by the therapeutic ratios in comparison with inhalation and intraperitoneal injections of INH.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Shkurupy
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - L A Cherdantseva
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Kovner
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Troitskii
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T N Bystrova
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Starostenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Shah I, Kumar Das S, Shetty NS, Kannan T, Ramachandran G, Kumar AH. Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid in children with tuberculosis-A comparative study at two doses. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:660-665. [PMID: 31909887 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid (INH) at doses 5 and 10 mg/kg/day. METHODS INH concentrations were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography in 24 Indian children aged 1 to 15 years on antituberculosis therapy. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours after administration of INH. Patients were randomly given INH at 5 or 10 mg/kg/day and maximum concentrations (Cmax ) and area under the curve (AUC(0-8) ) were determined in each group. The 2-hour concentration of INH was used as Cmax for this study. RESULTS Mean (standard deviation) Cmax was reached in 2 hours and was 2.68 ± 1.19 µg/mL in 5 mg/kg/day group and 8.86 ± 3.94 µg/mL in 10 mg/kg/day group (P < .05). The normal therapeutic range at 2-hour concentrations for INH in adults achieving good clinical response is between 3 and 5 µg/mL. Among 5 mg/kg/day, only 4 (33%) patients had INH concentrations within the 2-hour concentrations therapeutic range whereas in 10 mg/kg/day group, 11 (91%) patients achieved Cmax higher than the 2-hour concentrations therapeutic range and 1 (9%) patient had Cmax within the 2-hour concentrations therapeutic range. The mean AUC(0-8) in 5 mg/kg/day group was 10.04 ± 6.12 and 35.93 ± 25.37 µg·h/mL in 10 mg/kg/day group (P = .0001). CONCLUSION Children on daily INH 10 mg/kg/day have higher AUC and Cmax than the required therapeutic range whereas over 65% of children with daily 5 mg/kg/day INH therapy failed to achieve the optimal therapeutic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Shah
- Pediatric TB Clinic, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, B J Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Sajal Kumar Das
- Pediatric TB Clinic, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, B J Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Naman S Shetty
- Pediatric TB Clinic, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, B J Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - T Kannan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Geetha Ramachandran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Ak Hemanth Kumar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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12
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Ali MH, Alrasheedy AA, Kibuule D, Hassali MA, Godman B, Abdelwahab MF, Abbadi RY. Isoniazid acetylation phenotypes in the Sudanese population; findings and implications. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2019; 17:100120. [PMID: 31788562 PMCID: PMC6879993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2019.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isoniazid (INH) is the mainstay antimicrobial in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). It is acetlylated in the liver to acetyl-INH. However, there is variation in rate of acetylation of INH among TB patients (i.e. fast, intermediate or slow acetylators) which impacts on the treatment outcomes. Aim The isoniazid acetylation phenotypes in the expatriate Sudanese population were determined to provide future guidance since TB is prevalent in Sudan. Methods A community-based trial among Sudanese expatriates in Saudi Arabia was undertaken to identify INH-acetylation phenotypes. After overnight fasting, a single dose of 200 mg of INH was given to the volunteers. Three hours later, 5 ml of blood were drawn from each volunteer and prepared for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The main outcomes were INH and Acetyl-INH concentrations in plasma and the subsequent Acetyl-INH/INH metabolic ratio (MR). Results The findings suggest that slow acetylation is highly prevalent among the study participants (n = 43; 84.31%). Moreover, there was no statistically significant correlation between age and the MR (r = −0.18, P = 0.20). Further, there was no significant association between gender and the MR (P = 0.124). Similarly, no significant association was found between smoking habits and MR (P = 0.24). Conclusion Isoniazid phenotyping suggests predominantly slow acetylation among the Sudanese in this sample. The study found no statistically significant associations between the MR and age or gender or smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monadil H Ali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dan Kibuule
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Mohamed Azmi Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Brian Godman
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Raef Y Abbadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Abstract
Isoniazid (INH)-induced peripheral neuritis is not uncommonly reported in adults, especially those with malnutrition and alcoholism, but it is very rare in children. INH leads to peripheral neuritis by causing a deficiency in the serum level of pyridoxine which depends on the dose of INH, duration of treatment and the patient's nutritional and acetylator status. A 12-year-old girl developed tingling and numbness of the lower limbs after commencing anti-tuberculous therapy which included INH 10 mg/kg/day. The symptoms continued despite the dose being reduced to 5 mg/kg/day. Nerve conduction velocity was normal. Her diet was poor: she consumed little or no fruit and vegetables and ate mostly dal and rice. Discontinuation of INH was advised and her therapy was changed to ofloxacin, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide along with a high dose of pyridoxine and multi-vitamins. The tingling and numbness subsided within 15 days, after which INH was prescribed at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Although INH-induced neuropathy is rare in children, the World Health Organization recommends pyridoxine prophylaxis for children on INH who are malnourished or have HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naman S Shetty
- a Pediatric Tuberculosis Clinic, B. J. Wadia Hospital for Children , Mumbai , India
| | - Ira Shah
- a Pediatric Tuberculosis Clinic, B. J. Wadia Hospital for Children , Mumbai , India
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14
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Hassan S, Sudhakar V, Nancy Mary MB, Babu R, Doble M, Dadar M, Hanna LE. Computational approach identifies protein off-targets for Isoniazid-NAD adduct: hypothesizing a possible drug resistance mechanism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1697-1710. [PMID: 31094664 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1615987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Isoniazid is an important antitubercular molecule identified as a drug of choice in tuberculosis treatment. As such, INH is an inactive prodrug; it acquires an active conformation by forming an adduct with NAD. The adduct targets inhA protein, a reductase responsible for fatty acid chain elongation in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Resistance to INH is majorly contributed by mutations in inhA, katG and geneic and non-geneic regions associated with efflux genes. Despite being widespread, the mechanism of resistance remains unknown in ∼15% of INH-resistant strains. Studies report that an intracellular increase in NADH concentration prevents inhA inhibition, leading to INH resistance. In the pursuit of finding possible resistance mechanisms, we set out to find NAD binding proteins to explore similarities in structure and NAD binding property of these proteins with that of inhA. We identified 172 NAD binding proteins, of which 53 were identified to have sequence or structural similarity to inhA. By performing docking analysis on selected proteins, we identified INH-adduct to have good binding affinity despite very minimal structural similarity to inhA. This analysis was further supported by principal component analysis, which identified 65 proteins with NAD binding conformation similar to that of inhA. These findings prompt us to hypothesize that upon exposure to INH, bacteria tries to reduce inhA susceptibility by inducing expression of these NAD binding proteins through increase in NADH concentration. This in turn favours off-target binding and leads to decreased binding and potency of INH, thus contributing indirectly to INH resistance.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Hassan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of HIV, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaishnavi Sudhakar
- Department of HIV, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Benita Nancy Mary
- Department of HIV, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeshwari Babu
- Department of HIV, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Education and Extension Organization, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Karaj, Iran
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- Department of HIV, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Rabha A, Singh A, Grover S, Kumari A, Pandey B, Grover A. Structural basis for isoniazid resistance in KatG double mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2019; 129:152-160. [PMID: 30731190 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The failure of drugs for effective treatment against infectious diseases can be attributed to resistant forms of causative agents. The evasive nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is partly associated to its physical features, such as having a thick cell wall and incorporation of beneficial mutations leading to drug resistance. The pro drug Isoniazid (INH) interacts with an enzyme catalase peroxidase to get converted into its active form and upon activation stops the cell wall synthesis thus killing the Mycobacterium. The most common mutation i.e. S315T leads to high degree of drug resistance by virtue of its position in the active site. Here, we have characterized the prominent attributes of two double mutant isolates S315 T/D194G and S315T/M624V which are multi drug resistant and extremely drug resistant, respectively. Protein models were generated using the crystal structure which were then subjected to energy minimization and long term molecular dynamics simulations. Further, computational analysis showed decreasing ability of INH binding to the mutants in order of: Native > S315T/D194G > S315T/M624V. Also, a trend was observed that as the docking score and binding area decreased, there was a significant increase in the distortion of the 3D geometry of the mutants as observed by PCA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Rabha
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aditi Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Sonam Grover
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anchala Kumari
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Bharati Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Abhinav Grover
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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16
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Unissa AN, Doss C GP, Kumar T, Sukumar S, Lakshmi AR, Hanna LE. Significance of catalase-peroxidase (KatG) mutations in mediating isoniazid resistance in clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 15:111-120. [PMID: 29990547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Isoniazid (INH) is still the most important first-line antitubercular drug. INH resistance is regarded as a major impediment to the tuberculosis (TB) control programme and contributes to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Mutation at position 315 in the katG gene, encoding the catalase-peroxidase (KatG) enzyme, is the major cause of INH resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, investigation of the molecular mechanisms of INH resistance is the need of the hour. METHODS To understand the clinical importance of KatG mutants (MTs) leading to INH resistance, in this study five MTs (S315T, S315I, S315R, S315N and S315G) were modelled, docked and interacted with INH in dynamic state. RESULTS The binding affinity based on docking was found to be higher for MTs than for wild-type (WT) isolates, except for MT-S315R, indicating rigid binding of INH with MT proteins compared with the flexible binding seen in the WT. Analysis of molecular dynamics (MD) experiments suggested that fluctuations and deviations were higher at the INH binding residues for MTs than for the WT. Reduction in the hydrogen bond network after MD in all KatG enzymes implies an increase in the flexibility and stability of protein structures. Superimposition of MTs upon the WT structure showed a significant deviation that varies for the different MTs. CONCLUSIONS It can be inferred that the five KatG MTs affect enzyme activity in different ways, which could be attributed to conformational changes in MT KatG that result in altered binding affinity to INH and eventually to INH resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeruddin Nusrath Unissa
- Centre for Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai 600 031, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumal Kumar
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathi Sukumar
- Centre for Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai 600 031, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Appisetty Ramya Lakshmi
- Centre for Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai 600 031, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- Centre for Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai 600 031, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Li AA, Dibba P, Cholankeril G, Kim D, Ahmed A. Case Report of Isoniazid-Related Acute Liver Failure Requiring Liver Transplantation. Diseases 2018; 6:E40. [PMID: 29783726 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the United States in 2011 and 2012 was estimated at 4.4–4.8%. As of 2015, 12.4 million people still possessed LTBI. Isoniazid, or isonicotinic acid hydrazine (INH), is the most commonly used medication among varying regimens that exist in the treatment of tuberculosis and LTBI. INH-related hepatotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect of its use, often causing asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels. These elevations are typically transient and reversible, but can cause acute, clinically-significant liver injury in rare cases. We report a case of a 67-year old male who developed subacute hepatic injury secondary to INH treatment for LTBI, and ultimately underwent liver transplantation due to the progression to hepatic decompensation, despite withdrawal of the medication. Because symptoms of INH hepatotoxicity are nonspecific and prognosis can be variable, clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for this adverse effect. As exemplified by this case, early recognition may be life-saving.
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18
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Danelishvili L, Shulzhenko N, Chinison JJJ, Babrak L, Hu J, Morgun A, Burrows G, Bermudez LE. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteome Response to Antituberculosis Compounds Reveals Metabolic "Escape" Pathways That Prolong Bacterial Survival. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e00430-17. [PMID: 28416555 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00430-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases and is the leading cause of death in many parts of the world. A major limitation of TB therapy is slow killing of the infecting organism, increasing the risk for the development of a tolerance phenotype and drug resistance. Studies indicate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis takes several days to be killed upon treatment with lethal concentrations of antibiotics both in vitro and in vivo To investigate how metabolic remodeling can enable transient bacterial survival during exposure to bactericidal concentrations of compounds, M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv was exposed to twice the MIC of isoniazid, rifampin, moxifloxacin, mefloquine, or bedaquiline for 24 h, 48 h, 4 days, and 6 days, and the bacterial proteomic response was analyzed using quantitative shotgun mass spectrometry. Numerous sets of de novo bacterial proteins were identified over the 6-day treatment. Network analysis and comparisons between the drug treatment groups revealed several shared sets of predominant proteins and enzymes simultaneously belonging to a number of diverse pathways. Overexpression of some of these proteins in the nonpathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis extended bacterial survival upon exposure to bactericidal concentrations of antimicrobials, and inactivation of some proteins in M. tuberculosis prevented the pathogen from escaping the fast killing in vitro and in macrophages, as well. Our biology-driven approach identified promising bacterial metabolic pathways and enzymes that might be targeted by novel drugs to reduce the length of tuberculosis therapy.
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19
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Mann A, Pelz T, Rennert K, Mosig A, Decker M, Lupp A. Evaluation of HepaRG cells for the assessment of indirect drug-induced hepatotoxicity using INH as a model substance. Hum Cell 2017; 30:267-78. [PMID: 28527127 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
HepaRG cells are widely used as an in vitro model to assess drug-induced hepatotoxicity. However, only few studies exist so far regarding their suitability to detect the effects of drugs requiring a preceding activation via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. A prototypic substance is the anti-tuberculosis agent INH, which is metabolized into N-acetylhydrazine, which then triggers hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test if this effect can also be detected in HepaRG cells and if it can be counteracted by the known hepatoprotectant silibinin. For this purpose, differentiated HepaRG cells were treated with increasing concentrations of INH (0.1-100 mM) or 10 mM INH plus escalating concentrations of silibinin (1-100 µM). After 48 h of treatment, cell morphology and parameters indicating cell vitality, oxidative stress, and liver cell function were assessed. High concentrations of INH led to severe histopathological changes, reduced cell vitality and glutathione content, increased LDH and ASAT release into the medium, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and elevated cleaved caspase-3 expression. Additionally, glycogen depletion and reduced biotransformation capacity were seen at high INH concentrations, whereas at low concentrations an induction of biotransformation enzymes was noticed. Silibinin caused clear-cut protective effects, but with few parameters INH toxicity was even aggravated, most probably due to increased metabolization of INH into its toxic metabolite. In conclusion, HepaRG cells are excellently suited to evaluate the effects of substances requiring prior toxification via the CYP system, such as INH. They additionally enable the identification of complex substance interactions.
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20
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Iwo MI, Sjahlim SL, Rahmawati SF. Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Del. Leaf Ethanolic Extract on Intoxicated Male Wistar Rats Liver. Sci Pharm 2017; 85:E16. [PMID: 28333116 PMCID: PMC5489920 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm85020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernonia amygdalina has been shown to have antioxidant activity, and is also expected to have hepatoprotective activity. This study was conducted to study the effect of V. amygdalina ethanol extracts on intoxicated rat livers. Fresh leaves were extracted in ethanol, and the hepatoprotective activity was tested on male Wistar rats induced with a combination of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin. Parameters observed were the activity of the enzyme alanine transferase (ALT), serum albumin levels, liver index, and histopathological of the rat liver. The results showed that 50 and 100 mg/kg rat body weight of V. amygdalina ethanol extracts could prevent liver intoxication, starting on day 14. Based on serum albumin concentrations and ALT activity, the high dose extract (100 mg/kg) was more potent as a hepatoprotective agent compared to the extract at a low dose (50 mg/kg). The group of rats treated with a high dose extract showed normal liver index compared to the positive control. Through histology examination, the liver of rats treated with a high dose extract (100 mg/kg) showed minimal liver cell structure damage, and showed similar patterns to the normal rat. Based on these results, it can be concluded that V. amygdalina ethanol extracts can be used to protect the liver in a combination of INH and rifampicin as antituberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Immaculata Iwo
- Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
- Biotechnology Biomedical Research Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia..
| | - Sergia Louisa Sjahlim
- Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Siti Farah Rahmawati
- Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
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21
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Tsirka T, Boukouvala S, Agianian B, Fakis G. Polymorphism p.Val231Ile alters substrate selectivity of drug-metabolizing arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) isoenzyme of rhesus macaque and human. Gene 2013; 536:65-73. [PMID: 24333853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are polymorphic enzymes mediating the biotransformation of arylamine/arylhydrazine xenobiotics, including pharmaceuticals and environmental carcinogens. The NAT1 and NAT2 genes, and their many polymorphic variants, have been thoroughly studied in humans by pharmacogeneticists and cancer epidemiologists. However, little is known about the function of NAT homologues in other primate species, including disease models. Here, we perform a comparative functional investigation of the NAT2 homologues of the rhesus macaque and human. We further dissect the functional impact of a previously described rhesus NAT2 gene polymorphism, causing substitution of valine by isoleucine at amino acid position 231. Gene constructs of rhesus and human NAT2, bearing or lacking non-synonymous polymorphism c.691G>A (p.Val231Ile), were expressed in Escherichia coli for comparative enzymatic analysis against various NAT1- and NAT2-selective substrates. The results suggest that the p.Val231Ile polymorphism does not compromise the stability or overall enzymatic activity of NAT2. However, substitution of Val231 by the bulkier isoleucine appears to alter enzyme substrate selectivity by decreasing the affinity towards NAT2 substrates and increasing the affinity towards NAT1 substrates. The experimental observations are supported by in silico modelling localizing polymorphic residue 231 close to amino acid loop 125-129, which forms part of the substrate binding pocket wall and determines the substrate binding preferences of the NAT isoenzymes. The p.Val231Ile polymorphism is the first natural polymorphism demonstrated to affect NAT substrate selectivity via this particular mechanism. The study is also the first to thoroughly characterize the properties of a polymorphic NAT isoenzyme in a non-human primate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Tsirka
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sotiria Boukouvala
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Bogos Agianian
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Giannoulis Fakis
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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Lee KK, Fujimoto K, Zhang C, Schwall CT, Alder NN, Pinkert CA, Krueger W, Rasmussen T, Boelsterli UA. Isoniazid-induced cell death is precipitated by underlying mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in mouse hepatocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:584-594. [PMID: 23911619 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH) is an antituberculosis drug that has been associated with idiosyncratic liver injury in susceptible patients. The underlying mechanisms are still unclear, but there is growing evidence that INH and/or its major metabolite, hydrazine, may interfere with mitochondrial function. However, hepatic mitochondria have a large reserve capacity, and minor disruption of energy homeostasis does not necessarily induce cell death. We explored whether pharmacologic or genetic impairment of mitochondrial complex I may amplify mitochondrial dysfunction and precipitate INH-induced hepatocellular injury. We found that INH (≤ 3000 μM) did not induce cell injury in cultured mouse hepatocytes, although it decreased hepatocellular respiration and ATP levels in a concentration-dependent fashion. However, coexposure of hepatocytes to INH and nontoxic concentrations of the complex I inhibitors rotenone (3 μM) or piericidin A (30 nM) resulted in massive ATP depletion and cell death. Although both rotenone and piericidin A increased MitoSox-reactive fluorescence, Mito-TEMPO or N-acetylcysteine did not attenuate the extent of cytotoxicity. However, preincubation of cells with the acylamidase inhibitor bis-p-nitrophenol phosphate provided protection from hepatocyte injury induced by rotenone/INH (but not rotenone/hydrazine), suggesting that hydrazine was the cell-damaging species. Indeed, we found that hydrazine directly inhibited the activity of solubilized complex II. Hepatocytes isolated from mutant Ndufs4(+/-) mice, although featuring moderately lower protein expression levels of this complex I subunit in liver mitochondria, exhibited unchanged hepatic complex I activity and were therefore not sensitized to INH. These data indicate that underlying inhibition of complex I, which alone is not acutely toxic, can trigger INH-induced hepatocellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Kwang Lee
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kazunori Fujimoto
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Daiichi Sankyo, Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Japan
| | - Carmen Zhang
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Christine T Schwall
- University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Storrs, CT 06029, USA
| | - Nathan N Alder
- University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Storrs, CT 06029, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Auburn University, Department of Pathobiology, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Winfried Krueger
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Theodore Rasmussen
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Urs A Boelsterli
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Morvan D, Demidem A. Metabolomics and transcriptomics demonstrate severe oxidative stress in both localized chemotherapy-treated and bystander tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1092-104. [PMID: 24296419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localized radiotherapy is long known to cause damages to not only targeted but also non-targeted cells, the so-called bystander (BS) effect. Recently, BS effect was demonstrated in response to chemotherapy. To get further insight into the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced BS effect in vivo, we investigated the response of normal tissues and untreated BS melanomas, at distance from localized chemotherapy-treated melanomas. METHODS B16 melanoma cells were inoculated sc in one flank, in mice. Chemotherapy was administered intratumorally. After 3 weeks, untreated melanomas were implanted into the other flank. Tumors were analyzed morphologically, and using metabolomics and transcriptomics. RESULTS Locally-treated melanomas showed growth inhibition and pleiotropic metabolic and transcriptional alterations. Tumors recovered slow proliferation while exhibiting prominent oxidative stress response (decreased glutathione level, and increased expression of genes including Mt1, Gpx3, Sod3, and Hmox1). Plasma contained increased levels of oxidative stress products. However, liver and soleus muscle displayed unaltered morphological characteristics. In contrast, untreated BS melanomas induced from naive B16 cells showed reduced growth, marked oxidative stress response (decreased glutathione level, and increased expression of genes including Sod2, Gpx1 and Gsr), and ras oncogene expression alterations. Furthermore, metabolomics and transcriptomics enabled to estimate the proportion of cells undergoing the BS effect within treated tumors. CONCLUSION Treatment of tumors with chemotherapy induces BS effects, underpinned by oxidative stress, in abnormal proliferating tissues in vivo, not in normal tissue, that significantly contribute to overall tumor response. General significance BS effect significantly contributes to response to chemotherapy, and may be exploited to improve overall response to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morvan
- UDA University, 49 Boulevard François Mitterrand, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France; Centre Jean Perrin, 58 Rue Montalembert, F-63011 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Aicha Demidem
- UMR 1019 INRA/UDA University, ECREIN, Laboratoire de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63001 Clermont Ferrand, France.
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Hoffman AE, DeStefano M, Shoen C, Gopinath K, Warner DF, Cynamon M, Doyle RP. Co(II) and Cu(II) pyrophosphate complexes have selectivity and potency against Mycobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:589-93. [PMID: 24211634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) causes up to 10 million incident cases worldwide per annum. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains are leading factors in the resurgence of TB cases and the need to produce new agents to combat such infection. Herein, we describe Co(II) and Cu(II) metal based complexes that feature the pyrophosphate ligand with notable selectivity and marked potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including MDR strains. Such complexes are confirmed to be bacteriocidal and not affected by efflux inhibitors. Finally, while susceptibility to copper has recently been established for M. tuberculosis, the greater efficacy of cobalt observed herein is of considerable note and in line with the discovery of a copper metallothionein in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States
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25
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Zöller B, Ji J, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Shared and nonshared familial susceptibility to surgically treated inguinal hernia, femoral hernia, incisional hernia, epigastric hernia, and umbilical hernia. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 217:289-99.e1. [PMID: 23870221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The familial risk of abdominal wall hernia (AWH) is largely unknown. In addition, it is unknown whether inguinal hernia (IH), femoral hernia (FH), incisional hernia (INH), epigastric hernia (EH), and umbilical hernia (UH) share familial susceptibility. The aim of this nationwide study was to determine the familial risks of concordant AWH (same disease in proband and exposed relative) and discordant AWH (different disease in proband and exposed relative). STUDY DESIGN Data from the Swedish Multigeneration Register on individuals aged 0 to 78 years were linked to the Swedish hospital discharge register and the Swedish outpatient register for the period from 1964 to 2010. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% CIs for surgically treated IH (n = 209,814 cases), FH (n = 4,576), INH (n = 19,494), EH (n = 8,257), and UH (n = 22,761) were calculated for siblings of individuals with hernia compared with the siblings of unaffected individuals. The procedure was repeated for spouses. RESULTS All concordant and most discordant familial sibling risks were increased. Familial concordant SIRs for siblings were IH = 1.97 (95% CI, 1.94-1.99), FH = 3.40 (95% CI, 2.44-4.62), INH = 2.24 (95% CI, 2.04-2.46), EH = 5.57 (95% CI, 4.64-6.64), and UH = 3.61 (95% CI, 3.33-3.91). Concordant familial risks were higher than discordant risks. For example, when the proband sibling had IH, the discordant SIRs were FH = 1.74 (95% CI, 1.61-1.88), INH = 1.22 (95% CI, 1.16-1.28), EH = 1.30 (95% CI, 1.20-1.40), and UH = 1.35 (95% CI, 1.29-1.41). Concordant SIRs for spouses were lower: IH = 1.23 (95% CI, 1.20-1.26), FH = 0.97 (95% CI, 0.64-1.36), INH = 1.56 (95% CI, 1.41-1.71), EH = 1.70 (95% CI, 1.09-2.45), and UH = 1.31 (95% CI, 1.09-1.56). CONCLUSIONS Family history of surgically treated AWH is an important risk factor for surgical treatment of AWH. The 5 forms of AWH studied share familial susceptibility, but site-specific familial factors might exist. Several spouse risks were increased, suggesting the possibility of a nongenetic contribution to familial risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Zöller
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden.
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26
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Hassan AS, Ahmed JH, Al-Haroon SS. A study of the effect of Nigella sativa (Black seeds) in isoniazid ( INH)-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 44:678-82. [PMID: 23248393 PMCID: PMC3523491 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the possibility of hepatoprotective effect of Nigella sativa (NS) in INH-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 24 male rabbits. They were divided into 4 groups (6 each); rabbits in group 1 were treated with INH following a standard protocol to induce hepatotoxicity. Rabbits in group 2 received starch. Group 3 received NS 1 g/kg/day before INH treatment. Group 4 rabbits were treated with NS only. Phenobarbital sodium (IP) was given to induce metabolism of INH. INH and NS were given orally. The experiment continued for 12 days; at day 13, animals were sacrificed. Liver function tests, malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated in serum and in liver homogenates. Liver histopathological examinations were performed. Results: Histopathological changes of hepatotoxicity were found in all INH-treated rabbits. The histopathological findings were normal in three rabbits treated with NS before INH, very mild in two, and with moderate changes in one rabbit. Serum alanine aminotransferase (S.ALT) was elevated after INH treatment and returned back to the control value when NS was given before INH. Similar pattern of effect was noticed with serum aspartate aminotransferase (S.AST), S. total bilirubin, S. MDA, and Serum alkaline phosphatase.In liver homogenate, AST, ALT, and MDA were increased with INH treatment compared to the control, then decreased with NS treatment given before INH Conclusions: NS has hepatoprotective effects against INH-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits. NS 1 g/kg proved safe, no adverse effects; no histopathological or biological abnormalities were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar S Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mawanee Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Saikolappan S, Das K, Sasindran SJ, Jagannath C, Dhandayuthapani S. OsmC proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis protect against organic hydroperoxide stress. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 91 Suppl 1:S119-27. [PMID: 22088319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial antioxidants play a critical role in the detoxification of endogenously and host derived oxidative radicals during host-pathogen interactions. Recently, the osmotically induced bacterial protein C (OsmC) is included in the antioxidant category of enzymes as it shows structural and functional relationships with organic hydroperoxide reductase (Ohr) enzyme. A copy of the gene encoding OsmC is conserved across mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Rv2923c) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MSMEG2421), but its role in protecting these species against oxidative stress is unknown. To determine the role of OsmC in mycobacterial oxidative stress, we overexpressed and purified OsmCs of M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis and assessed their ability to reduce peroxide substrates like hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in Ferrous Ion Oxidation in Xylenol (FOX) assay. This revealed that OsmCs from both species were capable of reducing both inorganic (H(2)O(2)) and organic (CHP and t-BHP) peroxides. Further, an M. smegmatis mutant (MS∆osmC) deficient in OsmC exhibited reduced reduction of CHP and t-BHP than the parental wild type strain, indicating that OsmC protein contributes significantly for the total peroxide reductase activity of mycobacteria. The MS∆osmC strain was also sensitive to organic hydroperoxides, which could be reversed by complementing with a plasmid borne osmC. Plasmid borne osmC also increased the resistance of M. smegmatis wild type strain to isoniazid (INH) but at a relatively lower level than ahpC, an organic hydroperoxide reductase. These results suggest that OsmC plays an important role in peroxide metabolism and protecting mycobacteria against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaralingam Saikolappan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 1214 West Schunior St, Edinburg, TX 78541, United States
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Unissa AN, Sudha S, Selvakumar N, Hassan S. Binding of activated isoniazid with acetyl-CoA carboxylase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioinformation 2011; 7:107-11. [PMID: 22125378 PMCID: PMC3218310 DOI: 10.6026/97320630007107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AccD6 (acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase), plays an important role in mycolic acid synthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Induced gene expression by isoniazid (isonicotinylhydrazine - INH), anti-tuberculosis drug) shows the expression of accD6. It is our interest to study the binding of activated INH with the AccD6 model using molecular docking procedures. The study predicts a primary binding site for activated INH (isonicotinyl acyl radical) in AccD6 as a potential target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeruddin Nusrath Unissa
- Department of Mycobacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mayor V.R. Ramanathan Road, Chetput, Chennai - 600 031, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Nagamiah Selvakumar
- Department of Mycobacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mayor V.R. Ramanathan Road, Chetput, Chennai - 600 031, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sameer Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Centre, NIRT, (ICMR), Mayor V.R. Ramanathan Road, Chetput, Chennai - 600 031, Tamil Nadu, India
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