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Turkmen OB, Ozyurek S, Genc A. Effects of acute lower limb and trunk fatigue on balance, performance, and skin temperature in healthy males. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2023; 23:215-222. [PMID: 37259661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear whether lower limb and trunk fatigue leads to different effects. Although some studies have compared the effects of muscle fatigue on balance and performance in healthy individuals, little is known about its effects on skin temperature. This study aimed to compare the effects of lower limb and trunk fatigue on balance, performance, and skin temperature in healthy males. METHODS Twenty participants performed trunk and lower limb fatigue protocols on two separate days. Balance (Y-Balance Test-YBT), trunk performance (plank test), lower limb performance (Single-Leg Triple Hop-SLTH and Countermovement jump-CMJ), and skin temperature were assessed pre-fatigue and post-fatigue. Infrared Thermography assessed the skin temperatures of the trunk and lower limb. RESULTS Compared with trunk fatigue, the lower limb fatigue protocol had a more significant adverse effect on reducing YBT score, CMJ parameters, and SLHT distance (p<0.05). Both fatigue protocols resulted in lower plank test times and trunk skin temperature (p<0.05). The changes in plank times and skin temperature were similar between protocols (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that lower limb fatigue adversely affected balance and lower limb performance more than trunk fatigue. Trunk performance and trunk skin temperatures decreased after both fatigue protocols. Lower limb and trunk fatigue-induced changes in trunk performance and skin temperatures were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Bahadir Turkmen
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation. Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Turkey
| | - Seher Ozyurek
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Genc
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Vieira RA, Dias EA, Stumpf MT, Pereira GR, Barcellos JOJ, Kolling GJ, McManus C. Use of thermography and physiological rate to assess heat tolerance in cattle breeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:223. [PMID: 37222821 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thermography has grown in use in recent years. It is a valuable tool for measuring animal heat tolerance under heat stress conditions since it is a non-invasive, safe and practical methodology. Physiological variables such as respiration rate and eye temperature, and environmental variables such as air temperature and wet bulb temperature were analysed in animals from nine cattle breeds (Angus, Braford, Brangus, Canchim, Charolais, Hereford, Nelore, Simmental and Santa Gertrudis) and one bubaline (Mediterranean) at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Positive correlations were observed between air temperature and respiration rate and eye temperature. Furthermore, the breed strongly influenced the eye temperature and respiration rate of the animals. Eye temperature showed strong correlation with air temperature and wet bulb temperature. Simmental and Nelore animals presented higher eye temperature values. Simmental presented alteration in respiratory rate before the other breeds and Nelore was the last breed to present this alteration. The inflection points in the broken line analysis indicated the environmental temperature limits at which breeds begin to change their respiration to compensate for environmental variation. The use of thermography has proven to be a technique with possible application to evaluate the temperature of animals. Logistic regression analysis allows us to observe how each breed behaves with the temperature change. Using respiration rates and eye temperatures it was possible to identify physiological limits for comfort in different breeds of bovine. In the future it would be interesting to conduct additional studies using other physiological variables and also other indices of climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata A Vieira
- Faculdade de Agronomia E Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo A Dias
- Faculdade de Agroecologia E Licenciatura Em Educação Do Campo, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, São Lourenço Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Stumpf
- Faculdade de Agroecologia E Licenciatura Em Educação Do Campo, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, São Lourenço Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (Campus 2), Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julio O J Barcellos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovani J Kolling
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Concepta McManus
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Kim NY, Kim SJ, Oh M, Jang SY, Moon SH. Changes in facial surface temperature of laying hens under different thermal conditions. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:1235-1242. [PMID: 33332943 PMCID: PMC8255873 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify through infrared thermal imaging technology the facial surface temperature (FST) of laying hens in response to the variations in their thermal environment, and to identify the regional differences in FST to determine the most stable and reliable facial regions for monitoring of thermoregulatory status in chickens. METHODS Thirty Hy-Line Brown hens (25-week-old) were sequentially exposed to three different thermal conditions; optimal (OT, 22°C±2°C), low (LT, 10°C±4°C), and high temperature (HT, 30°C±2°C). The mean values of FST in five facial regions including around the eyes, earlobes, wattles, beak and nose, and comb were recorded through infrared thermography. The maximum FST (MFST) was also identified among the five face-selective regions, and its relationship with temperature-humidity index (THI) was established to identify the range of MFST in response to the variations in their thermal environment. RESULTS Hens exposed to OT condition at 15:00 displayed a higher temperature at wattles and around the eyes compared to other regions (p<0.001). However, under LT condition at 05:00 to 08:00, around the eyes surface temperature showed the highest value (p<0.01). In HT, wattles temperature tended to show the highest temperature over almost time intervals. Main distribution regions of MFST were wattles (63.3%) and around the eyes (16.7%) in OT, around the eyes (50%) in LT, and wattles (62.2%) and comb (18.3%) in HT. The regression equation between MFST and THI was estimated as MFST = 35.37+ 0.2383×THI (R2 = 0.44; p<0.001). CONCLUSION The FST and the frequency of MFST in each facial region of laying hens responded sensitively to the variations in the thermal environment. The findings of this experiment provide useful information about the effect of the thermal conditions on the specific facial regions, thus offering an opportunity to stress and welfare assessment in poultry research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Kim
- Department of Bio-Convergence Science, College of Biomedical and Health science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- Department of Bio-Convergence Science, College of Biomedical and Health science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Mirae Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Sunghwan 31000, Korea
| | - Se Young Jang
- Department of Bio-Convergence Science, College of Biomedical and Health science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.,Institute of Livestock Environmental Management, Sejong 30127, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Moon
- Department of Bio-Convergence Science, College of Biomedical and Health science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
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Martello LS, Antonelo DS, Cônsolo NRB, Pacheco VM, Negrão JA, Rosa AF, Leme PR, Sousa RV, da Luz Silva S. Welfare traits of Bos indicus cattle castrated immunologically and fed beta-adrenergic agonists. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:1552-1558. [PMID: 32299174 PMCID: PMC8495331 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) combined with immunocastration on the welfare traits of feedlot Nellore cattle. Methods Ninety-six Nellore males (average body weight [BW] = 409±50 kg; average 20 mo of age) were divided into two groups according to BW; half of the animals in each group received two doses of an immunocastration (ImC) vaccine in a 30 day interval, and the other half did not receive the vaccine (NoC). Afterward, the animals were housed and fed a common diet for 70 days. Then, they were split into three groups and fed one of the following diets for 30 additional days: control (CO) diet, with no β-AA; ZH diet, containing 80 mg/d ZH; and RH diet, containing 300 mg/d RH. Welfare traits were assessed by monitoring body surface temperature using infrared thermography (IRT) and plasma cortisol and temperament measurements. Results There was no interaction between sexual condition and diet for any trait. The ImC and NoC groups did not differ in rectal and ocular temperatures. The ImC animals had higher flight speeds (p = 0.022) and tended to have higher cortisol levels (p = 0.059) than the NoC animals. Animals fed ZH and RH did not differ in cortisol levels, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, temperature measured by IRT, or temperament behaviour. Conclusion The ImC animals showed a less stable temperament during handling practices than NoC, whereas ZH and RH supplementation had no adverse effects on animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Silva Martello
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Silva Antonelo
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | | | - Verônica Madeira Pacheco
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | - João Alberto Negrão
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Fernandes Rosa
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Leme
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vieira Sousa
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | - Saulo da Luz Silva
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
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Abstract
Medical infrared thermography (IT) produces an image of the infrared waves emitted by the human body as part of the thermoregulation process that can vary in intensity based on the health of the person. This review analyzes recent developments in the use of infrared thermography as a screening and diagnostic tool in clinical and nonclinical settings, and identifies possible future routes for improvement of the method. Currently, infrared thermography is not considered to be a fully reliable diagnostic method. If standard infrared protocol is established and a normative database is available, infrared thermography may become a reliable method for detecting inflammatory processes.
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Seixas L, de Melo CB, Tanure CB, Peripolli V, McManus C. Heat tolerance in Brazilian hair sheep. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 30:593-601. [PMID: 27282972 PMCID: PMC5394847 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate heat tolerance using heat tolerance indices, physiological, physical, thermographic, and hematological parameters in Santa Ines and Morada Nova sheep breeds in the Federal District, Brazil. Methods Twenty-six adult hair sheep, one and a half years old, from two genetic groups (Santa Ines: 12 males and 4 females; Morada Nova: 7 males and 3 females) were used and data (rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, skin temperatures; hematological parameters) were collected during three consecutive days, twice a day (morning and afternoon), with a total of six repetitions. Also physical parameters (biometric measurements, skin and hair traits) and heat tolerance indices (temperature-humidity index, Iberia and Benezra) were evaluated. The analyses included analyses of variance, correlation, and principal components with a significance level of 5%. Results The environmental indices, in general, indicate a situation of thermal discomfort for the animals during the afternoon. Breed significantly influenced (p<0.001) physiological and physical characteristics of skin, hair, biometric measurements and Iberia and Benezra heat tolerance indices. Santa Ines animals were bigger and had longer, greater number and darker hair, thicker skin, greater respiratory rate and Benezra index and lower Iberia index compared with Morada Nova breed. Conclusion Although both breeds can be considered adapted to the environmental conditions of the region, Morada Nova breed is most suitable for farming in the Midwest region. The positive correlation found between the thermographic temperatures and physiological parameters indicates that this technique can be used to evaluate thermal comfort. Also, it has the advantage that animals do not have to be handled, which favors animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Seixas
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Barros de Melo
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Candice Bergmann Tanure
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Peripolli
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Concepta McManus
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
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Fernandes ADA, Amorim PRDS, Brito CJ, Sillero-Quintana M, Bouzas Marins JC. Regional Skin Temperature Response to Moderate Aerobic Exercise Measured by Infrared Thermography. Asian J Sports Med 2016; 7:e29243. [PMID: 27217931 PMCID: PMC4870826 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.29243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infrared thermography (IRT) does not require contact with the skin, and it is a convenient, reliable and non-invasive technique that can be used for monitoring the skin temperature (TSK). Objectives: The aim of this study was to monitor the variations in the regional TSK during exercise on 28 regions of interest (ROIs) (forehead, face, chest, abdomen, back, lumbar, anterior and posterior neck, and posterior and anterior views of the right and left hands, forearms, upper arms, thighs, and legs) with IRT. Patients and Methods: 12 physically active young males were monitored with IRT during the following three phases: a) 30 minutes before exercise b) while performing one hour of moderate intensity exercise on a treadmill at 60% of the VO2max, and c) 60 minutes after exercise. Results: During pre-exercise, all TSK reached a steady-state (P ≤ 0.05), which ensured adequate thermal stabilisation. At the beginning of exercise, there was a significant reduction in the TSK in most ROIs after 10 minutes of activity, except for the lower limbs (legs and thighs). After one hour of recovery, in the anterior view of the hands and thighs and in the posterior view of the legs, there were significant increases in the TSK compared to pre-exercise. Conclusions: There were significant distinctions in the skin temperature distribution during exercise according to the activity of the area under consideration during exercise, which may be important in the development of physiological models and heat flux analyses for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex de Andrade Fernandes
- Department of Physical Education, Human Performance Laboratory, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Federal Institute for Education, Sciences and Technology of Minas Gerais, Bambuí, Brazil
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Alex de Andrade Fernandes, Department of Physical Education, Human Performance Laboratory, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil. Tel: +55-3138992076, Fax: +55-3138992076, E-mail:
| | | | - Ciro José Brito
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Manuel Sillero-Quintana
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - João Carlos Bouzas Marins
- Department of Physical Education, Human Performance Laboratory, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Caldara FR, Dos Santos LS, Machado ST, Moi M, de Alencar Nääs I, Foppa L, Garcia RG, de Kássia Silva Dos Santos R. Piglets' surface temperature change at different weights at birth. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:431-8. [PMID: 25049971 PMCID: PMC4093255 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The study was carried out in order to verify the effects of piglets’ weight at birth on their surface temperature change (ST) after birth, and its relationship with ingestion time of colostrum. Piglets from four different sows were weighed at birth and divided into a totally randomized design with three treatments according to birth weight (PBW): T1 - less than 1.00 kg, T2 - 1.00 to 1.39 kg, and T3 - higher than or equal to 1.40 kg. The time spent for the first colostrum ingestion was recorded (TFS). Images of piglets’ surface by thermal imaging camera were recorded at birth (STB) and 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min after birth. The air temperature and relative humidity were recorded every 30 min and the indexes of temperature and humidity (THI) were calculated. A ST drop after 15 min from birth was observed, increasing again after sixty minutes. Positive correlations were found between the PBW and the ST at 30 and 45 min after birth. The PBW was negatively correlated with the TFS. The THI showed high negative correlations (−0.824 and −0.815) with STB and after 15 min from birth. The piglet’s surface temperature at birth was positively correlated with temperature thereof to 15 min, influencing therefore the temperatures in the interval of 45 to 120 min. The birth weight contributes significantly to postnatal hypothermia and consequently to the time it takes for piglets ingest colostrum, requiring special attention to those of low birth weight.
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Esposito G, Nakazawa J, Ogawa S, Stival R, Putnick DL, Bornstein MH. Using Infrared Thermography to Assess Emotional Responses to Infants. Early Child Dev Care 2014; 185:438-447. [PMID: 29527089 PMCID: PMC5844285 DOI: 10.1080/03004430.2014.932153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adult-infant interactions operate simultaneously across multiple domains and at multiple levels - from physiology to behavior. Unpackaging and understanding them, therefore, involves analysis of multiple data streams. In this study, we tested physiological responses and cognitive preferences for infant and adult faces in adult females and males. Infrared thermography was used to assess facial temperature changes as a measure of emotional valence, and we used a behavioral rating system to assess adults' expressed preferences. We found greater physiological activation in response to infant stimuli in females than males. As for cognitive preferences, we found greater responses to adult stimuli than to infant stimuli, both in males and females. The results are discuss in light of the Life History Theory. Finally, we discuss the importance of integrating the two data streams on our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Unit for Affiliative Social Behavior, Japan
| | - Jun Nakazawa
- Department of Developmental Science, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Shota Ogawa
- Department of Developmental Science, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Rita Stival
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Diane L. Putnick
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, USA
| | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, USA
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