Surgical management of gallstone ileus after one anastomosis gastric bypass: A case report

BACKGROUND

Gallstone ileus following one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is an exceptionally rare complication. The presented case report aims to highlight the unique occurrence of this condition and its surgical management. Understanding the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges and successful surgical intervention in such cases is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in bariatric surgery.

CASE SUMMARY

We present a case report of gallstone ileus following OAGB and discuss its diagnosis and surgical management. A 66-year-old female with a history of OAGB presented to the emergency room with symptoms of small bowel obstruction. Computed tomography scan revealed a gallstone impacted in the distal ileum, causing obstruction. The patient underwent a laparoscopically assisted enterolithotomy, during which the gallstone was extracted and the enterotomy was closed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on postoperative day four.

CONCLUSION

Gallstone ileus should be considered as a possible complication after OAGB, and prompt surgical intervention is usually required for its management. This case report contributes to the limited existing literature, providing insights into the management of this uncommon complication.

Report and follow-up on two new patients with congenital mesoblastic nephroma

BACKGROUND

Tumors are rare in neonatal age. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a usually benign renal tumor observed at birth, or in the first months of life. It may also be identified prenatally and associated with polyhydramnios leading to preterm delivery. Effective treatment is surgical in most cases, consisting in total nephrectomy. In literature, very few studies report on the neonatal management of such a rare disease, and even less are those describing its uncommon complications.

CASES PRESENTATION

We report on two single-center newborns affected with CMN. The first patient is a preterm female baby, born at 30+ 1 weeks of gestation (WG) due to premature labor, with prenatal (25 WG) identification of an intra-abdominal fetal mass associated with polyhydramnios. Once obtained the clinical stability, weight gain, instrumental (computed tomography, CT, showing a 4.8 × 3.3 cm left renal neoformation) and histological/molecular characterization of the lesion (renal needle biopsy picture of classic CMN with ETV6-NTRK3 translocation), a left nephrectomy was performed at 5 weeks of chronological age. The following clinical course was complicated by intestinal obstruction due to bowel adherences formation, then by an enterocutaneous fistula, requiring multiple surgical approaches including transitory ileo- and colostomy, before the conclusive anastomoses intervention. The second patient is a 17-day-old male term baby, coming to our observation due to postnatal evidence of palpable left abdominal mass (soon defined through CT, showing a 7.5 × 6.5 cm neoformation in the left renal lodge), feeding difficulties and poor weight gain. An intravenous diuretic treatment was needed due to the developed hypertension and hypercalcemia, which regressed after the nephrectomy (histological diagnosis of cellular CMN with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion) performed at day 26. In neither case was chemotherapy added. Both patients have been included in multidisciplinary follow-up, they presently show regular growth and neuromotor development, normal renal function and no local/systemic recurrences or other gastrointestinal/urinary disorders.

CONCLUSIONS

The finding of a fetal abdominal mass should prompt suspicion of CMN, especially if it is associated with polyhydramnios; it should also alert obstetricians and neonatologists to the risk of preterm delivery. Although being a usually benign condition, CMN may be associated with neonatal systemic-metabolic or postoperative complications. High-level surgical expertise, careful neonatological intensive care and histopathological/cytogenetic-molecular definition are the cornerstones for the optimal management of patients. This should also include an individualized follow-up, oriented to the early detection of any possible recurrences or associated anomalies and to a better quality of life of children and their families.

Gallstone ileus, a rare cause of intestinal occlusion. A case report

Recurrent gallstone ileus has a recurrence of 2-8.2% with a mortality of 12-20%, secondary to an enteric or cholecystic gallstone. A male patient with a diagnosis of intestinal occlusion secondary to biliary ileus and cholecystoduodenal fistula, performing enterotomy and closure in two planes with drainage placement. Two months after presenting the clinical of intestinal occlusion, medical management began and an abdominal tomography was performed, finding an image suggestive of recurrent gallstone ileus, treated with laparotomy.

Idiopathic giant pancreatic pseudocyst presenting in emergency with abdominal compartment syndrome and intestinal occlusion: Case report and review of the literature

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Idiopathic giant pancreatic pseudocyst (IGPP) is a rare pancreatic disease.

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Diagnosis of IGPP in emergency [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]] is a challenge because of its rarity, the absence of history of pancreatitis and specific symptoms and signs.

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IGPP may cause intestinal obstruction, intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome requiring a decompressive laparotomy.

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Distal pancreaticosplenectomy may be the correct treatment of undiagnosed IGPP if there is suspicion or inability to exclude a malignant cystic pancreatic neoplasm.

Introduction and importance

This is the first case of idiopathic giant pancreatic pseudocyst (IGPP) causing intestinal occlusion, intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) reported in the literature. Diagnosis of IGPP in emergency is a challenge because of its rarity and the absence of a history of pancreatitis or pancreatic trauma and specific clinical presentation. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) represents the gold standard in diagnosing of pancreatic cyst (PP). Different types of treatment of PP are reported in the literature.

Case presentation

A 52-year-old Caucasian female was admitted to the Emergency Department with a three-day history of abdominal pain, inability to pass gas or stool, nausea and vomiting, oliguria and a seven-day history of abdominal swelling and swollen legs. Physical examination revealed abdominal distention, abdominal pain, swelling in the legs. CECT showed a voluminous cystic pancreatic mass suspected of neoplasm. Laboratory tests reported high serum levels of BUN, creatinine and C-reactive protein and neutrophilic leukocytosis. After preoperative diagnosis of ACS, the patient was taken to the operating room for pancreatic resection. The postoperative course was uneventful. Diagnosis of IGPP was made by histopathological examination.

Clinical discussion

IGPP is difficult to diagnose in emergency. Although different types of drainage of IGPP are described in the literature, pancreatic resection represents the treatment of choice when a cystic pancreatic neoplasm cannot be excluded.

Conclusion

IGPP is a rare disease that may cause intestinal occlusion, IAH and ACS. Pancreatic resection if necessary is safe and therapeutic with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

Pediatric sigmoid volvulus due to Chagas disease

Exposure and infections by Trypanosoma cruzi are the fourth cause of loss of potential life years between parasitic and infectious diseases. We describe the case of a 11-year-old patient with intestinal occlusion, surgically treated with intestinal volvulus, the surgical specimen is sent to histopathology reporting Chagasic megacolon. The age range of presentation is a challenge in the absence of nonspecific symptoms. There is no pediatric statistical data that define trypanosomiasis in a latent or chronic state and will be diagnosed in adult stages due to the physiopathological alterations that they will present.

Postsurgical intestinal occlusion ileum-ileum double intussusception in eleven-month girl

Background

Postoperative intussusception is an unusual complication in children; the incidence is 0.01-0.25%.

Clinical Case

Female of 11 months who underwent colostomy, 48 h later presents abdominal pain, vomiting gastrobiliar and abdominal distension. A laparotomy was performed, finding a double ileo-ileal invagination 60 cm from the ileocecal valve.

Discussion

The postoperative intestinal invaginations are extremely rare and most of them occur within the first 7 days. The etiology of postoperative intussusception is unknown.

Conclusions

Postoperative children with intestinal occlusion, intussusception should be suspected and an immediate laparotomy should be performed.

[Gallstone ileus, surgical management review]

Background

Gallstone ileus (GI) represents a rare cause of mechanical intestinal occlusion, which is caused by the impaction of a gallstones at the gastrointestinal tract, being most frequently the terminal ileum; its etiology is due to the passage of a calculum through a biliary-enteric fistula. Due to its low incidence, diagnostic suspicion and adequate initial surgical treatment are essential for an adequate clinical evolution.

Objective

A bibliographic review on the current surgical management of GI was carried out and exemplified by the presentation a clinical case.

Clinical case

78-year-old male with bowel obstruction, upon undergoing a CT scan, a gallstone at the level of distal ileum is displayed, therefore, an exploratory laparotomy (ex lap) is performed with enterotomy and extraction of the calculus. The patient bestowed adequate postoperative clinical evolution, and the presence of a cholecystoduodenal fistula is documented by an upper endoscopy.

Discussion

GI represents an uncommon pathology, however, there is discrepancy in the literature regarding the initial surgical management, especially in whether or not a biliary procedure should be associated with emergency enterolithotomy.

Conclusion

GI is associated with complications secondary to diagnostic delay and its late surgical resolution, although the initial treatment is aimed at resolving the intestinal obstruction through enterotomy and gallstone extraction, there is controversy regarding the preferred time for cholecystectomy and repair of biliary-enteric fistula, being the two-stage surgery the surgical procedure of choice, especially in patients with a high risk of complications.

[Volvulus of the cecum: a rare cause of intestinal occlusion: about two cases]

Le Cæcum est, en fréquence, la deuxième partie du colon concernée par le volvulus après le sigmoïde et avant l'angle gauche et le côlon transverse. Cette affection survient sur des cæcums anormalement mobiles. Le mécanisme du volvulus est la torsion ou la bascule. Le tableau clinique est celui d'une occlusion intestinale aiguë par strangulation. L'abdomen sans préparation (ASP) et la TDM abdominale sont les examens radiologique de premier choix pour le diagnostic. Le traitement consiste en une chirurgie en urgence avec résection du cæcum et de l'iléon terminal. Nous rapportons deux cas de volvulus du cæcum admis aux urgences dans un tableau d'occlusion intestinale aiguë, le diagnostic était confirmé chez les deux patients par un scanner abdomino-pelvien et le traitement consistait en une résection iléo-colique avec rétablissement immédiate de continuité, les suites post opératoires étaient simples.

Laparoscopic treatment in Type IV Giant Paraesophagic Hernia and intestinal occlusion a case report

INTRODUCTION

A Giant Hiatal Paraesophageal Hernia (GPEH) is a Hiatal Hernia (HH) that includes more than 30% of the stomach in the thorax. The gold standard form of repair today is the laparoscopic abdominal approach in elective scenarios. Laparoscopic HH repair advantages include, less postoperative pain, small incisions, reduced postoperative respiratory complications are reduced, shorter hospital stay. The objective of this paper is to describe a patient undergoing with upper intestinal obstruction and a GPEH Type IV, approached laparoscopically.

CASE PRESENTATION

We received a female patient 59 years old, she came with symptoms abdominal pain, emesis of intestinal characteristics and obstipation, with an evolution of 5 days. She also referred dyspnea; she went to another institution where made a CAT scan finding a GPEH. We decided to realize the procedure laparoscopically. We follow the principal objectives, reducing the hernia, dissecting al de hernia sac excision, Hiatal reparation with no mesh, and Nissen type fundoplication without Collis Gastroplasty. The patient stayed for seven days for surveillance and when the leukocyte and LDH went to a regular rate patient was discharged. With no complications with normal intestinal function and nearly no pain.

DISCUSSION

We present a GPEH case associated with upper intestinal obstruction, with clinical findings that suggested ischemia. The approach of the treatment was abdominal laparoscopy.

CONCLUSION

In elective patients Laparoscopy is superior than abdominal approach. Randomized trials comparing laparoscopic versus open approach are needed to conclude that laparoscopic approach is superior to open approach, in potentially GPEH complicated patients.

Small bowel intussusception from renal cell carcinoma metastasis: a case report and review of the literature

Background

Renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant neoplasia of the kidney accounting for 90 % of all renal solid tumors. Metastases from renal cell carcinoma are rarely located in the small bowel and generally their clinical presentation includes bleeding and obstruction. Intussusception in adults is an extremely rare pathological condition and only 30 to 35 % of small bowel intussusceptions are derived from malignant lesions.

Case presentation

We report here a clinical case of a 75-year-old white man hospitalized for anemia and subocclusion. An abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography showed a small bowel intussusception. During a surgical exploration, a polypoid lesion was found to be the lead point of the intussusception. His small intestine was resected and a functional side-to-side anastomosis was performed. The histological features of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Conclusions

Small bowel intussusception from renal cell carcinoma metastasis should always be considered in the setting of unexplained intestinal subocclusion in patients with a history of renal cell carcinoma.

[Dysmorphic neonatal syndrome and Ogilvie syndrome]

BACKGROUND

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, or Ogilvie syndrome, is a motility abnormality characterised by rapid and progressive dilation of the large intestine. To achieve a diagnosis it is fundamental to exclude mechanical obstruction with imaging studies such as computer axial tomography. The combined incidence of Ogilvie and dysmorphic syndrome has not been described.

CLINICAL CASE

Female patient of 28 years old with a history of infant cerebral palsy came to emergency room with 4 days of intestinal obstruction. She had hypokalaemia that was reverted, but persisted with obstruction. Later after 72h with recovery of fluids and electrolytes and administration of prokinetics, the obstruction reversed. She was discharged with no complications.

CONCLUSIONS

Non-invasive medical treatment solves most cases. Promising results have been achieved with neostigmine. In the event of no response to drug therapy, the next step is endoscopic treatment. Even with high recurrence this is preferred due to its lower level of complications in contrast to surgical decompression. Neonatal dysmorphic syndrome is often associated with disorders of the central nervous system. So far, there have been no reports on the incidence of this disease with Ogilvie syndrome, although 9% of cases have been described as associated with neurological events. Conservative management in this disease is the initial approach. Interventions should be reserved for when conservative treatment fails.

A "beehive" in the abdomen

A 22 years-old woman presenting with intestinal occlusion by a giant fecaloma. Fecal impaction is often misdiagnosed, especially in non collaborating patients. This demonstrates the necessity of particular attention to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.