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Juayerk-Herrera KL, Félix-Martínez GJ, Picones A, Del-Río-Correa JL, Godínez-Fernández JR. Deterministic modeling of single-channel and whole-cell currents. J Theor Biol 2020; 508:110459. [PMID: 32890554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As a complement to the experimental work, mathematical models are extensively used to study the functional properties of ionic channels. Even though it is generally assumed that the gating of ionic channels is a Markovian phenomenon, reports based on non-traditional analyses of experimental recordings suggest that non-Markovian processes might be also present. While the stochastic Markov models are by far the most adopted approach for the modeling of ionic channels, a model based on the idea of a deterministic process underlying the gating of ionic channels was proposed by Liebovitch and Toth (Liebovitch, L.S. and Toth, T.I., 1991. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 148(2), pp.243-267.) Here, by using a voltage-dependent K+ channel as a first approximation, we propose a modified version of the deterministic model of Liebovitch and Toth that, in addition to reproducing the single-channel currents simulated by a two-states Markov model, it is capable of reproducing the whole-cell currents produced by a population of K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo J Félix-Martínez
- Cátedras CONACYT (México), Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - Arturo Picones
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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Zhou YC, Zhou L, Feng CP, Wu XT, Bao RY, Liu ZY, Yang MB, Yang W. Direct modification of polyketone resin for anion exchange membrane of alkaline fuel cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:420-431. [PMID: 31472316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A kind of side-chain type anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with high ionic conductivity and good comprehensive stability was prepared via direct modification of commercial engineering plastic polyketone with diamines through Paal-Knorr reaction and quaternization reaction. It was found that the amount of diamine can effectively tune the microphase morphology and properties of the prepared quaternized functionalized-polyketone anion exchange membranes (QAFPK-AEMs). The tensile strength was increased from 18.6 MPa to 38.6 MPa, and the ion exchange capacity (IEC) was increased from 1.11 mmol/g to 2.71 mmol/g depending on the amount of added diamine. The QAFPK-1-6-AEM with the IEC of 1.43 mmol/g showed the highest hydroxide conductivity of 65 mS/cm at 25 °C and 96.8 mS/cm at 80 °C. The high ionic conductivity was achieved through the establishment of effective ionic channels, and it maintained 70% of the initial ionic conductivity after the 192 h treatment in 2 mol/L KOH (aq) at 80 °C. Moreover, a peak power density of 129 mW/cm2 was achieved when the assembled single cell with QAFPK-1-6-AEM was operated at 50 °C. Thus, the prepared QAFPK-AEMs showed great potential applications for the anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cun Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Ping Feng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tian Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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He JH, Yang L, Xia GL, Deng N, Yang YY, Tian Y, Fu ZN, Huang YQ. [Effects of calcineurin gene silencing on the remodeling of transient outward potassium current ionic channel in hypertrophic ventricular myocytes from neonatal rats]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 98:3345-3349. [PMID: 30440126 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.41.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of calcineurin gene silencing on the remodeling of transient outward potassium current (Ito) ionic channel and action potential duration (APD) in phenylephrine (PE)-induced hypertrophic ventricular myocytes from neonatal rats. Methods: The ventricular myocytes of 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and cultured for 48 h. RNA interference mediated by adenovirus carrying short hairpin RNA was used to knock down the gene which encodes the beta subtype of calcineurin A subunit (CnAβ) and the cells were divided into 4 groups as Ad-null group, Ad-null+ PE group, Ad-CnAβshRNA1(A1) group and A1+ PE group, and then cultured for 48 h. The gene expression of Kv4.2 was assayed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The protein expressions of CnAβ and Kv4.2 were assayed by Western blot test. Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record Ito and action potential. Results: Treatment of the neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with PE induced the cell hypertrophy, up-regulated the protein expression of CnAβ, attenuated the gene and protein expressions of Kv4.2 and the Ito current density, and prolonged APD. Silencing of CnAβ in the neonatal rat ventricular myocytes using Ad-CnAβshRNA1 inhibited the aforementioned ability of PE significantly. Conclusion: CnAβ gene silencing inhibits the remodeling of transient outward potassium current ionic channel and change of APD in PE-induced hypertrophic ventricular myocytes from neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H He
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
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Wu CT, Qi XY, Huang H, Naud P, Dawson K, Yeh YH, Harada M, Kuo CT, Nattel S. Disease and region-related cardiac fibroblast potassium current variations and potential functional significance. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:487-96. [PMID: 24596399 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Fibroblasts, which play an important role in cardiac function/dysfunction, including arrhythmogenesis, have voltage-dependent (Kv) currents of unknown importance. Here, we assessed the differential expression of Kv currents between atrial and ventricular fibroblasts from control dogs and dogs with an atrial arrhythmogenic substrate caused by congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS AND RESULTS Left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) fibroblasts were freshly isolated from control and CHF dogs (2-week ventricular tachypacing, 240 bpm). Kv currents were measured with whole-cell voltage-clamp, mRNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fibroblast proliferation by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. Robust voltage-dependent tetraethylammonium (TEA)-sensitive K(+) currents (IC50 ∼1 mM) were recorded. The morphologies and TEA responses of LA and LV fibroblast Kv currents were similar. LV fibroblast Kv-current densities were significantly greater than LA, and Kv-current densities were significantly less in CHF than control. The mRNA expression of Kv-channel subunits Kv1.5 and Kv4.3 was less in LA vs. LV fibroblasts and was down-regulated in CHF, consistent with K(+)-current recordings. Ca(2+)-dependent K(+)-channel subunit (KCa1.1) mRNA and currents were less expressed in LV vs. LA fibroblasts. Inhibiting LA fibroblast K(+) current with 1 mmol/L of TEA or KCa1.1 current with paxilline increased proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblast Kv-current expression is smaller in CHF vs. control, as well as LA vs. LV. KCa1.1 current is greater in LA vs. LV. Suppressing Kv current with TEA enhances fibroblast proliferation, suggesting that Kv current might act to check fibroblast proliferation and that reduced Kv current in CHF may contribute to fibrosis. Fibroblast Kv-current remodelling may play a role in the atrial fibrillation (AF) substrate; modulating fibroblast K(+) channels may present a novel strategy to prevent fibrosis and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Tung Wu
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger St. E., Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8 Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger St. E., Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8
| | - Hai Huang
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger St. E., Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8
| | - Patrice Naud
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger St. E., Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8
| | - Kristin Dawson
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger St. E., Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Masahide Harada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger St. E., Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8 Department of Cardiology, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Chi-Tai Kuo
- Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger St. E., Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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