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Morrissey D, Gordon JD, Saso E, Bilewitch JP, Taylor ML, Hayes V, McFadden CS, Quattrini AM, Allcock AL. Bamboozled! Resolving deep evolutionary nodes within the phylogeny of bamboo corals (Octocorallia: Scleralcyonacea: Keratoisididae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 188:107910. [PMID: 37640170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Keratoisididae is a globally distributed, and exclusively deep-sea, family of octocorals that contains species and genera that are polyphyletic. An alphanumeric system, based on a three-gene-region phylogeny, is widely used to describe the biodiversity within this family. That phylogeny identified 12 major groups although it did not have enough signal to explore the relationships among groups. Using increased phylogenomic resolution generated from Ultraconserved Elements and exons (i.e. conserved elements), we aim to resolve deeper nodes within the family and investigate the relationships among those predefined groups. In total, 109 libraries of conserved elements were generated from individuals representing both the genetic and morphological diversity of our keratoisidids. In addition, the conserved element data of 12 individuals from previous studies were included. Our taxon sampling included 11 of the 12 keratoisidid groups. We present two phylogenies, constructed from a 75% (231 loci) and 50% (1729 loci) taxon occupancy matrix respectively, using both Maximum Likelihood and Multiple Species Coalescence methods. These trees were congruent at deep nodes. As expected, S1 keratoisidids were recovered as a well-supported sister clade to the rest of the bamboo corals. S1 corals do not share the same mitochondrial gene arrangement found in other members of Keratoisididae. All other bamboo corals were recovered within two major clades. Clade I comprises individuals assigned to alphanumeric groups B1, C1, D1&D2, F1, H1, I4, and J3 while Clade II contains representatives from A1, I1, and M1. By combining genomics with already published morphological data, we provide evidence that group H1 is not monophyletic, and that the division between other groups - D1 and D2, and A1 and M1 - needs to be reconsidered. Overall, there is a lack of robust morphological markers within Keratoisididae, but subtle characters such as sclerite microstructure and ornamentation seem to be shared within groups and warrant further investigation as taxonomically diagnostic characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Morrissey
- Ryan Institute & School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Jessica D Gordon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Saso
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Jaret P Bilewitch
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Michelle L Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Vonda Hayes
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Catherine S McFadden
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, 1250 N. Dartmouth Ave., Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Andrea M Quattrini
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - A Louise Allcock
- Ryan Institute & School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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