Co-inoculation of yeasts starters: A strategy to improve quality of low altitude Arabica coffee

The study aimed to improve the quality of dry-processed coffee grown at low altitudes through yeast inoculation, using three species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCMA 0543, Torulaspora delbrueckii CCMA 0684, and Candida parapsilosis CCMA 0544) singly and with co-inoculation for fermentation. Important chemical compounds and groups were analyzed by liquid and gas chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The inoculated coffees with yeast populations around 10⁶ cell/g obtained the highest scores, and the co-inoculation with C. parapsilosis CCMA 0544 and T. delbrueckii CCMA 0684 had the highest score in the sensory analysis (85). Different descriptors were observed in each treatment, and body, flavor, balance, and aftertaste are strongly related to C. parapsilosis CCMA 0544. The fermentation process improved the quality of low-altitude coffees, and the combination of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (C. parapsilosis CCMA 0544 and T. delbrueckii CCMA 0684) was the most indicated as starter cultures.

Impact of high altitude on the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism and its genetic susceptibility: A meta-analysis and systematic review

BACKGROUND

The effect of high-altitude (HA) on venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its mechanism remains ambiguous. To clarify this, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the incidence of VTE at HA and comparatively low altitude (LA) and figure out the intrinsic risk factors such as susceptibility genes of patients with VTE at HA.

METHODS

We selected studies that explored the risk factors for HA and VTE by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to analyze the impact of HA on VTE. All relevant studies before August 2021 were screened using the terms ([high altitude] OR [plateau] OR [mountain]) AND ([venous thromboembolism] OR [deep vein thrombosis] OR [pulmonary embolism]). Latest studies on the gene of HA-VTE patients were also summarized and analyzed.

RESULTS

Fifteen studies were eventually assessed, and the overall numbers of subjects with and without VTE were 1475 and 286,926 respectively. The overall incidence of VTE, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in the HA group was significantly higher than that in the LA group (P < 0.01). The overall incidence of VTE, DVT and PE in the HA group was significantly higher than that in the LA group at 30 days post operation (P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). At 90 days post operation, incidence of VTE and PE in the HA group was higher than that in the LA group (P < 0.01and P < 0.01, respectively), but there was no difference in the incidence of DVT (P = 0.07). Regarding endogenous factors, the analysis of genes in patients with HA-VTE revealed numerous targeted genes such as ANG, ACE, lncRNA-LINC00 659/UXT-AS1 and GP4.

CONCLUSIONS

We observed a significant association between HA and the overall incidence of VTE and that at 30/90 days post operation, indicating that HA may be a risk factor for VTE.

The effect of physical strain on breeders patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

AIM

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in breeders patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

METHOD

Thirty-two male participants (Age: 42.2 ± 7.3yrs, BMI: 29.5 ± 2.2 kg/m²) underwent full overnight polysomnography (PSG) and were divided into two groups (OSAS group: n = 20 vs. Control group: n = 12). 72-hours after the PSG study, they were subjected to CPET. The Independent t-test was used to measure the differences between the groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used among the parameters of CPET and PSG study.

RESULTS

The results showed difference between the groups (OSAS vs. Control) during CPET in end-tidal, CO₂ pressure in the peak of the exercise (38.7 ± 3.0 vs. 35.4 ± 5.5 mmHg, p = 0.031) and mean arterial pressure (122.7 ± 10.6 vs. 113.7 ± 11.8 mmHg, p = 0.035). Correlation results showed differences between the physical strain and the polysomnography study in physical strain parameters "walking duration per day with the herd" and oxygen desaturation index during sleep (r = 0.370, p = 0.037) and minimum oxygen saturation during sleep (r=-.374, p = 0.035), in the parameter "milking duration" and apnea (r = 0.392, p = 0.048), AHI (r = 0.374, p = 0.035) and oxygen desaturation index during sleep (r = 0.434, p = 0.013). The physical strain parameter "working hours per day" wasn't related to any parameter of the polysomnography study.

CONCLUSION

The daily physical activity may have a protective role during the course of the disease in patients with OSAS.

Anomaly detection in cropland monitoring using multiple view vision transformer

In recent times, the importance of low-altitude security, especially in agricultural surveillance, has seen a remarkable upswing. This paper puts forward a novel Internet of Drones framework tailored for low-altitude operations. Anomaly detection, which is pivotal for ensuring the integrity of the entire system, poses a substantial challenge. Such anomalies can range from unpredictable weather patterns in farmlands to unauthorized intrusions. To surmount this, a comprehensive deep learning pipeline is proposed in this study. It deploys a vision transformer model featuring a unique attention mechanism. The pipeline includes the meticulous collection of a vast array of normal and abnormal farmland images, followed by preprocessing to standardize data. Anomaly detection is then carried out, and the model's performance is evaluated using metrics like sensitivity (92.8%), specificity (93.1%), accuracy (93.5%), and F1 score (94.1%). Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art algorithms reveals the superiority of the proposed model. In the future, this study plans to explore integrating data from thermal, infrared, or LIDAR sensors, enhance the interpretability of the vision transformer model, and optimize the deep learning pipeline to reduce computational complexity.