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Xu XH, Liu YD. [Research Progress in the Roles of MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 Complex and Human Diseases]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2024; 46:232-241. [PMID: 38686720 DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503x.15556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
DNA is susceptible to various factors in vitro and in vivo and experience different forms of damage,among which double-strand break(DSB)is a deleterious form.To maintain the stability of genetic information,organisms have developed multiple mechanisms to repair DNA damage.Among these mechanisms,homologous recombination(HR)is praised for the high accuracy.The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1(MRN)complex plays an important role in HR and is conserved across different species.The knowledge on the MRN complex mainly came from the previous studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans,while studies in the last decades have revealed the role of mammalian MRN complex in DNA repair of higher animals.In this review,we first introduces the MRN complex regarding the composition,structure,and roles in HR.In addition,we discuss the human diseases such as ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder,Nijmegen breakage syndrome,and Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder that are caused by dysfunctions in the MRN complex.Furthermore,we summarize the mouse models established to study the clinical phenotypes of the above diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Xu
- Women's Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310006,China
| | - Yi-Dan Liu
- Women's Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310006,China
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Wei J, Li Y, Li R, Chen X, Yang T, Liao L, Xie Y, Zhu J, Mao F, Jia R, Xu X, Li J. Drug repurposing of propafenone to discover novel anti-tumor agents by impairing homologous recombination to delay DNA damage recovery of rare disease conjunctival melanoma. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115238. [PMID: 36868105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma (CM), a rare and fatal malignant ocular tumor, lacks proper diagnostic biomarkers and therapy. Herein, we revealed the novel application of propafenone, an FDA-approved antiarrhythmic medication, which was identified effective in inhibiting CM cells viability and homologous recombination pathway. Detailed structure-activity relationships generated D34 as one of the most promising derivatives, which strongly suppressed the proliferation, viability, and migration of CM cells at submicromolar concentrations. Mechanically, D34 had the potential to increase γ-H2AX nuclear foci and aggravated DNA damage by suppressing homologous recombination pathway and its factors, particularly the complex of MRE11-RAD50-NBS1. D34 bound to human recombinant MRE11 protein and inhibited its endonuclease activity. Moreover, D34 dihydrochloride significantly suppressed tumor growth in the CRMM1 NCG xenograft model without obvious toxicity. Our finding shows that propafenone derivatives modulating the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex will most likely provide an approach for CM targeted therapy, especially for improving chemo- and radio-sensitivity for CM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruoxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tiannuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
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Sharma S, Anand R, Zhang X, Francia S, Michelini F, Galbiati A, Williams H, Ronato DA, Masson JY, Rothenberg E, Cejka P, d'Adda di Fagagna F. MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 Complex Is Sufficient to Promote Transcription by RNA Polymerase II at Double-Strand Breaks by Melting DNA Ends. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108565. [PMID: 33406426 PMCID: PMC7788559 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex supports the synthesis of damage-induced long non-coding RNA (dilncRNA) by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) from DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that recombinant human MRN and native RNAPII are sufficient to reconstitute a minimal functional transcriptional apparatus at DSBs. MRN recruits and stabilizes RNAPII at DSBs. Unexpectedly, transcription is promoted independently from MRN nuclease activities. Rather, transcription depends on the ability of MRN to melt DNA ends, as shown by the use of MRN mutants and specific allosteric inhibitors. Single-molecule FRET assays with wild-type and mutant MRN show a tight correlation between the ability to melt DNA ends and to promote transcription. The addition of RPA enhances MRN-mediated transcription, and unpaired DNA ends allow MRN-independent transcription by RNAPII. These results support a model in which MRN generates single-strand DNA ends that favor the initiation of transcription by RNAPII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Sharma
- IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Roopesh Anand
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Xuzhu Zhang
- NYU Langone Medical Center, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofia Francia
- IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy; Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia 2700, Italy
| | - Flavia Michelini
- IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | | | | | - Daryl A Ronato
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- NYU Langone Medical Center, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy; Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia 2700, Italy.
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Situ Y, Chung L, Lee CS, Ho V. MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) Complex in Human Cancer and Prognostic Implications in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E816. [PMID: 30769804 PMCID: PMC6413120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex has been studied in multiple cancers. The identification of MRN complex mutations in mismatch repair (MMR)-defective cancers has sparked interest in its role in colorectal cancer (CRC). To date, there is evidence indicating a relationship of MRN expression with reduced progression-free survival, although the significance of the MRN complex in the clinical setting remains controversial. In this review, we present an overview of the function of the MRN complex, its role in cancer progression, and current evidence in colorectal cancer. The evidence indicates that the MRN complex has potential utilisation as a biomarker and as a putative treatment target to improve outcomes of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Situ
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Liping Chung
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Vincent Ho
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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Ho V, Chung L, Singh A, Lea V, Abubakar A, Lim SH, Ng W, Lee M, de Souza P, Shin JS, Lee CS. Overexpression of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex in rectal cancer correlates with poor response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy and prognosis. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:869. [PMID: 30176843 PMCID: PMC6122630 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex plays an essential role in detecting and repairing double-stranded breaks, and thus the potential roles of MRE11, RAD50 and NBS1 proteins in the pathogenesis of various cancers is the subject of investigation. This study was aimed at assessing the three-protein panel of MRN complex subunits as a potential radiosensitivity marker and evaluating the prognostic and clinicopathological implications of MRN expression in rectal cancer. METHODS Samples from 265 rectal cancer patients treated with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, including samples from 55 patients who were treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy between 2000 and 2011, were analyzed. Expression of MRN complex proteins in tissue samples was determined by immunohistochemistry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify clinicopathological characteristics that are associated with the MRN three-protein panel expression in rectal cancer samples. RESULTS In Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, we found that high level expression of MRN complex proteins in postoperative samples was associated with poor disease-free (p = 0.021) and overall (P = 0.002) survival. Interestingly, high MRN expression also correlated with poor disease-free (P = 0.047) and overall (P = 0.024) survival in the neoadjuvant radiotherapy subgroup. In multivariate analysis, combined MRN expression (hazard ratio = 2.114, 95% confidence interval 1.096-4.078, P = 0.026) and perineural invasion (hazard ratio = 2.160, 95% confidence interval 1.209-3.859, P = 0.009) were significantly associated with a worse disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Expression levels of MRN complex proteins significantly predict disease-free survival in rectal cancer patients, including those treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and may have value in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ho
- MBBS FRACP, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Liping Chung
- MBBS FRACP, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Vivienne Lea
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Askar Abubakar
- MBBS FRACP, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Stephanie H. Lim
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
- Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
- Discipline of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Weng Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Mark Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- MBBS FRACP, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
- Discipline of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- MBBS FRACP, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
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