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Messaoud O, Horache K, Cherraqi A, Meriem F, Mohamed J, Firdaous T. A Rare Case of an Isolated Facial Nerve Aplasia: Radiological Findings. Glob Pediatr Health 2023; 10:2333794X231208365. [PMID: 38024468 PMCID: PMC10644746 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x231208365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital facial palsy is a rare condition that can be categorized into traumatic and developmental etiologies. Trauma related congenital facial palsy represents by far the most frequent cause with a spontaneous complete recovery within weeks, contrary to developmental causes that can be syndromic or non-syndromic, and have a poor prognosis. We present the case of an 11-month-old boy who suffers a congenital facial palsy. He undergoes an MRI examination with the adapted sequences to assess the facial nerve, and a high-resolution CT scan that reveals a seventh cranial nerve agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Messaoud
- The Rabat Speciality Hospital IBN SINA (HSR), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kenza Horache
- The Rabat Speciality Hospital IBN SINA (HSR), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Cherraqi
- The Rabat Speciality Hospital IBN SINA (HSR), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fikri Meriem
- The Rabat Speciality Hospital IBN SINA (HSR), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jiddane Mohamed
- The Rabat Speciality Hospital IBN SINA (HSR), Rabat, Morocco
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Szaro P, Suresh R, Molokwu B, Sibala DR, Mendiratta D, Chu A, McGrath A. Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of suspected neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome-a systematic scoping review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198165. [PMID: 37920804 PMCID: PMC10619157 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (nTOS) is a rare pathology caused by dynamic conditions or compression of neurovascular structures in the thoracic outlet region. nTOS can be difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are increasingly used to aid the diagnosis and surgical planning. This scoping systematic review explores how MRI is used for diagnosing nTOS and summarizes details of published MRI protocols. Methods: A systematic screening of PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases using PRISMA-IPD guidelines was conducted in September 2022 to include full-text English papers on MRI and nTOS. Inclusion criteria involved studies describing MRI protocols for the diagnosis of TOS, with a focus on the imaging sequences and protocols. Results: 6289 papers were screened to include 28 papers containing details of MRI protocols. The details of MRI protocols in the analyzed articles were incomplete in all studies. Most authors used 1.5T systems and included T1 and T2-weighted sequences. Most studies applied fat suppression, mainly with STIR. Positioning of the arm differed between studies, including neutral, hyperabducted and abducted and externally rotated positions. Conclusion: Our review highlights a prevalent lack of detailed MRI protocol documentation for brachial plexus. Authors primarily rely on conventional 1.5T systems, employing standard T1 and T2-weighted sequences. The adoption of novel MRI sequences is notably lacking, and fat suppression techniques predominantly adhere to older methods as STIR. There is a clear imperative for authors to provide more comprehensive reporting of the MRI protocols utilized in their studies, ultimately enhancing comparability and clinical applicability. Establishing clear protocol reporting guidelines is crucial to allow for comparison between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Szaro
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rohan Suresh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Brian Molokwu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Dhiraj Raju Sibala
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Dhruv Mendiratta
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Alice Chu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Aleksandra McGrath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Shimizu K, Tachiiri T, Yamatani Y, Mai Y, Marugami N. [Feasibility Study of the Prediction of Radiologist's Instructions with the Bi-LSTM Model Trained with Descriptions of MR Imaging Order-statement]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2023. [PMID: 37081610 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2023-1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic resonance (MR) images provide essential diagnostic information; however, it is also a very burdensome examination for patients. At our hospital, radiologists make imaging instructions for all MR examination orders, but this is a time-consuming task. If a natural language processing model can predict the imaging instructions, it will be possible to reduce the burden on radiologists and the instruction quality can be assured. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using natural language processing to predict MR imaging instructions with the aim of assisting radiologists. METHODS Considering the uniqueness of the MR imaging protocols at each facility and the particularity of the test order text, we considered that the use of large datasets and pre-training models would be unsuitable. We focused on LSTM, which has been used for natural language processing, and built a 4-layer bi-LSTM model in combination with our own morphological preprocessing to predict MR imaging instructions. RESULTS The proposed method achieved macro-average precision, recall, and F1-score of 70.9%, 65.4%, and 66.6%, respectively. Compared to the previous studies, the proposed method achieved satisfactory performance in the natural language analysis task for Japanese. It is considered that the proposed method improved the prediction accuracy of the minority class through direct and indirect effects of vocabulary reduction, optimization, and similarity learning. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the proposed method is effective and that the prediction of MR imaging instructions using natural language analysis in combination with the proposed method is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Shimizu
- Central Division of Radiology, Nara Medical University Hospital
| | - Tetsuya Tachiiri
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University
| | - Yuya Yamatani
- Central Division of Radiology, Nara Medical University Hospital
| | - Yoshimasa Mai
- Central Division of Radiology, Nara Medical University Hospital
| | - Nagaaki Marugami
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University
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Avula S, Peet A, Morana G, Morgan P, Warmuth-Metz M, Jaspan T. European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE) MRI guidelines for imaging patients with central nervous system tumours. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:2497-2508. [PMID: 33973057 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Standardisation of imaging acquisition is essential in facilitating multicentre studies related to childhood CNS tumours. It is important to ensure that the imaging protocol can be adopted by centres with varying imaging capabilities without compromising image quality. MATERIALS AND METHOD An imaging protocol has been developed by the Brain Tumour Imaging Working Group of the European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE) based on consensus among its members, which consists of neuroradiologists, imaging scientists and paediatric neuro-oncologists. This protocol has been developed to facilitate SIOPE led studies and regularly reviewed by the imaging working group. RESULTS The protocol consists of essential MRI sequences with imaging parameters for 1.5 and 3 Tesla MRI scanners and a set of optional sequences that can be used in appropriate clinical settings. The protocol also provides guidelines for early post-operative imaging and surveillance imaging. The complementary use of multimodal advanced MRI including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), MR spectroscopy and perfusion imaging is encouraged, and optional guidance is provided in this publication. CONCLUSION The SIOPE brain tumour imaging protocol will enable consistent imaging across multiple centres involved in paediatric CNS tumour studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaram Avula
- Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, East Prescot Road, Liverpool, L14 5AB, UK.
| | - Andrew Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paul Morgan
- Department of Medical Physics, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Monika Warmuth-Metz
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Jaspan
- Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
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Kocsis K, Szabó N, Tóth E, Király A, Faragó P, Kincses B, Veréb D, Bozsik B, Boross K, Katona M, Bodnár P, László NG, Vécsei L, Klivényi P, Bencsik K, Kincses ZT. Two Classes of T1 Hypointense Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis With Different Clinical Relevance. Front Neurol 2021; 12:619135. [PMID: 33746876 PMCID: PMC7966518 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.619135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypointense lesions on T1-weighted images have important clinical relevance in multiple sclerosis patients. Traditionally, spin-echo (SE) sequences are used to assess these lesions (termed black holes), but Fast Spoiled Gradient-Echo (FSPGR) sequences provide an excellent alternative. Objective: To determine whether the contrast difference between T1 hypointense lesions and the surrounding normal white matter is similar on the two sequences, whether different lesion types could be identified, and whether the clinical relevance of these lesions types are different. Methods: Seventy-nine multiple sclerosis patients' lesions were manually segmented, then registered to T1 sequences. Median intensity values of lesions were identified on all sequences, then K-means clustering was applied to assess whether distinct clusters of lesions can be defined based on intensity values on SE, FSPGR, and FLAIR sequences. The standardized intensity of the lesions in each cluster was compared to the intensity of the normal appearing white matter in order to see if lesions stand out from the white matter on a given sequence. Results: 100% of lesions on FSPGR images and 69% on SE sequence in cluster #1 exceeded a standardized lesion distance of Z = 2.3 (p < 0.05). In cluster #2, 78.7% of lesions on FSPGR and only 17.7% of lesions on SE sequence were above this cutoff value, meaning that these lesions were not easily seen on SE images. Lesion count in the second cluster (lesions less identifiable on SE) significantly correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (R: 0.30, p ≤ 0.006) and with disease duration (R: 0.33, p ≤ 0.002). Conclusion: We showed that black holes can be separated into two distinct clusters based on their intensity values on various sequences, only one of which is related to clinical parameters. This emphasizes the joint role of FSPGR and SE sequences in the monitoring of MS patients and provides insight into the role of black holes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Kocsis
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Tóth
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Király
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Faragó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Kincses
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Veréb
- Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Bozsik
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Boross
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Katona
- Department of Image Processing and Computer Graphics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bodnár
- Department of Image Processing and Computer Graphics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nyúl Gábor László
- Department of Image Processing and Computer Graphics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Magyar Tudományos Akadémia-Szegedi Tudományegyetem (MTA-SZTE) Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Tamás Kincses
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Wennmann M, Hielscher T, Kintzelé L, Menze BH, Langs G, Merz M, Sauer S, Kauczor HU, Schlemmer HP, Delorme S, Goldschmidt H, Weinhold N, Hillengass J, Weber MA. Spatial Distribution of Focal Lesions in Whole-Body MRI and Influence of MRI Protocol on Staging in Patients with Smoldering Multiple Myeloma According to the New SLiM-CRAB-Criteria. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092537. [PMID: 32906608 PMCID: PMC7563298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary According to the current SLiM-CRAB-criteria, asymptomatic multiple myeloma patients who show >1 focal lesion in MRI are now upstaged to multiple myeloma with treatment indication. While the anatomic coverage of MRI protocols differs from spine over spine plus pelvis to whole-body between different institutions, the cutoff for the number of focal lesions which is currently used for the staging decision is not adapted according to the protocol. We found that usage of different MRI protocols leads to markedly different staging decisions according to current SLiM-CRAB-criteria. Adapting the cutoff for the number of focal lesions according to the MRI protocol enables to select comparable risk groups when using different MRI protocols. The combination of >3FL in spine and pelvis or >4FLs in the whole body came closest to select patients with an 80% probability to develop CRAB-criteria within 2 years, which was the original goal of the IMWG. Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess how different MRI protocols (spinal vs. spinal plus pelvic vs. whole-body (wb)-MRI) affect staging in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), according to the SLiM-CRAB-criterion ‘>1 focal lesion (FL) in MRI’. In this retrospective study, a baseline cohort of 147 SMM patients with wb-MRI at initial diagnosis was investigated, including prognostic data regarding development of CRAB-criteria. Fifty-two patients formed a follow-up cohort with a median of three wb-MRIs. The locations of all FLs were determined and it was calculated how staging decisions regarding the criterion ‘>1 FL in MRI’ would have been made if only a limited anatomic area (spine vs. spine plus pelvis) would have been covered by the MRI protocol. Furthermore, subgroups of patients selected by different cutoff-protocol-combinations were compared regarding their prognosis for development of CRAB-criteria. With an MRI protocol limited to spine/spine plus pelvis, only 28%/64% of patients who actually had >1 FL in wb-MRI would have been rated correctly as having ‘>1 FL in MRI’. Fifty-four percent/36% of patients with exactly 1 FL in spine/spine plus pelvis revealed >1 FL when the entire wb-MRI was analyzed. During follow-up, four more patients developed >1 FL in wb-MRI; both limited MRI protocols would have detected only one of these four patients as having >1 FL at the correct timepoint. Having >1 FL in spine/in spine plus pelvis/in the whole body was associated with a 43%/57%/49% probability of developing CRAB-criteria within 2 years. Patients with >3 FL in spine plus pelvis and patients with >4 FL in the whole body had an 80% probability to develop CRAB-criteria within 2 years. MRI protocols limited to the spine or to spine plus pelvis lead to substantial underdiagnoses of patients who actually have >1 FL in wb-MRI at baseline and during follow-up, which influences staging and treatment decisions according to the current SLiM-CRAB criteria. However, given the spatial distribution of FLs and the analysis on clinical course of patients indicates that the cutoff for the number of FLs should be adopted according to the MRI protocol when using MRI for staging in SMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wennmann
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.-P.S.); (S.D.)
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (L.K.); (H.-U.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Laurent Kintzelé
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (L.K.); (H.-U.K.)
| | - Bjoern H. Menze
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Georg Langs
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Computational Imaging Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Maximilian Merz
- Department of Medicine V, Multiple Myeloma Section, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (N.W.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Sauer
- Department of Medicine V, Multiple Myeloma Section, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (N.W.)
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (L.K.); (H.-U.K.)
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.-P.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Stefan Delorme
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.-P.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Medicine V, Multiple Myeloma Section, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (N.W.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Weinhold
- Department of Medicine V, Multiple Myeloma Section, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (N.W.)
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Paediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centre Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
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Rusbridge C, Stringer F, Knowler SP. Clinical Application of Diagnostic Imaging of Chiari-Like Malformation and Syringomyelia. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:280. [PMID: 30547039 PMCID: PMC6279941 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) is a frequent diagnosis in predisposed brachycephalic toy breeds since increased availability of MRI. However, the relevance of that MRI diagnosis has been questioned as CM, defined as identification of a cerebellar herniation, is ubiquitous in some breeds and SM can be asymptomatic. This article reviews the current knowledge of neuroanatomical changes in symptomatic CM and SM and diagnostic imaging modalities used for the clinical diagnosis of CM-pain or myelopathy related to SM. Although often compared to Chiari type I malformation in humans, canine CM-pain and SM is more comparable to complex craniosynostosis syndromes (i.e., premature fusion of multiple skull sutures) characterized by a short skull (cranial) base, rostrotentorial crowding with rostral forebrain flattening, small, and ventrally orientated olfactory bulbs, displacement of the neural tissue to give increased height of the cranium and further reduction of the functional caudotentorial space with hindbrain herniation. MRI may further reveal changes suggesting raised intracranial pressure such as loss of sulci definition in conjunction with ventriculomegaly. In addition to these brachycephalic changes, dogs with SM are more likely to have craniocervical junction abnormalities including rostral displacement of the axis and atlas with increased odontoid angulation causing craniospinal junction deformation and medulla oblongata elevation. Symptomatic SM is diagnosed on the basis of signs of myelopathy and presence of a large syrinx that is consistent with the neuro-localization. The imaging protocol should establish the longitudinal and transverse extent of the spinal cord involvement by the syrinx. Phantom scratching and cervicotorticollis are associated with large mid-cervical syringes that extend to the superficial dorsal horn. If the cause of CSF channel disruption and syringomyelia is not revealed by anatomical MRI then other imaging modalities may be appropriate with radiography or CT for any associated vertebral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Rusbridge
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Godalming, United Kingdom.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan P Knowler
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Sanghvi T, Boyum J, Spilseth B, Schat R, Estby H, Taylor A. MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma: a primer for magnetic resonance imaging interpretation. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018; 43:1143-51. [PMID: 28780680 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is among the most prevalent solid organ cancers, and, unlike many cancers, may be diagnosed non-invasively by imaging criteria [1] with the preferred modality recently shifting from multiphasic computed tomography (MDCT) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this article is to help facilitate radiologists and radiology trainees in the transition to MRI by providing a step-wise approach to exam interpretation to improve the MRI detection of HCC. A methodical, consistent approach to navigating a HCC screening MRI exam, in conjunction with the LI-RADS framework for characterization, should lead to improved HCC detection and diagnosis.
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Abstract
Interpreting body MRI cases can seem overwhelming to an uninitiated radiologist. The standard study includes a variety of pulse sequences, the names of which vary depending on the MR vendor. Pulse sequences may be displayed haphazardly on the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), frequently not synchronized with the imaging protocol. Adding to the complexity is the use of different gadolinium-based contrast agents, which may affect the timing and diagnostic yield of each sequence. The following introductory primer for interpreting body MRI cases is meant to create a basic framework for efficiently reviewing body MRI cases to provide high quality interpretations, fully utilizing the diagnostic information of the modality. There are 4 components that need to be mastered when interpreting body MRI cases including: (1) recognizing the key sequences in a basic body MRI protocol, (2) learning how to best display the key pulse sequences on PACS, (3) understanding the technique and clinical utility of each sequence and learning how to utilize sequences to be an "MR Pathologist", and (4) understanding the key features of the different gadolinium based contrast agents.
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Sudoł-Szopińska I, Mróz J, Ostrowska M, Kwiatkowska B. Magnetic resonance imaging in inflammatory rheumatoid diseases. Reumatologia 2016; 54:170-6. [PMID: 27826171 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2016.62471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) is used more and more frequently to diagnose changes in the musculoskeletal system in the course of rheumatic diseases, at their initial assessment, for treatment monitoring and for identification of complications. The article presents the history of magnetic resonance imaging, the basic principles underlying its operation as well as types of magnets, coils and MRI protocols used in the diagnostic process of rheumatic diseases. It enumerates advantages and disadvantages of individual MRI scanners. The principles of MRI coil operation are explained, and the sequences used for MR image analysis are described, particularly in terms of their application in rheumatology, including T1-, T2-, PD-weighted, STIR/TIRM and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Furthermore, views on the need to use contrast agents to optimise diagnosis, particularly in synovitis-like changes, are presented. Finally, methods for the assessment of MR images are listed, including the semi-quantitative method by RAMRIS and quantitative dynamic examination.
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