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Lin X, Cui X, Tang J, Zhu J, Li J. Predation Risk Effects of Lady Beetle Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) on the Melon Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. Insects 2023; 15:13. [PMID: 38249019 PMCID: PMC10816753 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Predation risk posed by natural enemies can alter pest performance. In our previous study, we found Menochilus sexmaculatus provides risk cues to melon aphids, resulting in increased numbers of winged aphids. However, the effects of predation risk on multiple traits including behavior, physiology, growth rate, and reproductive capacity of pests are not clear. This study examined the effects of predation risk on host preference, the activities of two important defense enzymes (CAT and SOD), longevity, and offspring production. The Y-tube trial results showed that the risk of M. sexmaculatus significantly altered the host preference of the aphids, leading to avoidance behavior. When exposed to M. sexmaculatus for a long period (24 h), the reproductive period and offspring production were significantly decreased, and adult longevity was significantly shortened. The defense enzyme activities of SOD and CAT, as well as the MDA content (which is considered a marker of oxidative stress and cellular damage) in the aphids, significantly increased under M. sexmaculatus risk. The compounds of M. sexmaculatus extracted with n-hexane and volatile compounds collected with HS-SPME were analyzed by GC-MS, and when combined with the behavior response experiment, the results showed that the alkane compounds n-henicosane, n-docosane, n-tricosane, n-pentacosane, and n-hentriacontane may contribute to the impact of predation risk. The results will be helpful in the comprehensive evaluation of the ability of lady beetles to affect the aphid population, and provide new ideas for using these compounds in aphid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiangxin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jihong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
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Hyder M, Li Y, Raza MF, Zhang M, Chen J, Mao J, Bukero A, Zhang L. Enhancing Coccinella Beetle Biological Pest Control via a Floral Approach in Cucumber Greenhouse. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2080. [PMID: 37895461 PMCID: PMC10608610 DOI: 10.3390/life13102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flower-rich habitats are crucial for promoting biodiversity and ecosystem services within agricultural ecosystems, such as pollination and pest control. The present study investigates the efficacy of employing floral structures as a criterion for the selection of plant species in order to enhance the attraction of natural enemies within cucumber greenhouses, consequently augmenting floral resources. The results of our study provide evidence that flower strips have a beneficial effect on the fitness of critical natural predators, while not facilitating the proliferation of detrimental insect species. These findings exhibit potential for enhancing pest-management services in the agricultural sector. The findings of our study demonstrate that pest levels within greenhouse environments closely resemble those observed in real-world commercial cropping systems. As a result, the introduction of Coccinella septempunctata and Menochilus sexmaculatus biocontrol agents is confirmed to be a reliable and efficient method for pest management. The phenomenon of predator-prey density dependency is recognized as a crucial element in the implementation of biological control strategies. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of floral resources on the reproductive capacity of indigenous predators. The impact of Coriandrum sativum on fertility is substantial, indicating that the presence of a varied plant assortment with overlapping flowering periods can prolong the availability of floral resources. This study highlights the significance of flower-rich habitats and deliberate plant selection in augmenting biodiversity, ecosystem services, and pest management within agricultural settings. The implementation of conservation biological control technologies presents supplementary ecological advantages, thus offering practical implications for the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moazam Hyder
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Fahad Raza
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Maosen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianjun Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aslam Bukero
- Department of Entomology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Tandojam 70050, Pakistan;
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Yu X, Tang R, Liu T, Qiu B. Larval and/or Adult Exposure to Intraguild Predator Harmonia axyridis Alters Reproductive Allocation Decisions and Offspring Growth in Menochilus sexmaculatus. Insects 2023; 14:496. [PMID: 37367312 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Maternal effects can reduce offspring susceptibility to predators by altering resource allocation to young and reproducing larger offspring. While the perception of predation risk can vary according to a prey's life stage, it is unclear whether maternally experienced intraguild predation (IGP) risk during different life stages influences the maternal effects of predatory insects. We investigated the influence of exposure to intraguild predators (Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)) during the larval and/or adult stages on reproductive decisions and offspring growth in Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius). Independent of the life stage, when M. sexmaculatus females experienced IGP risk, their body weight and fecundity decreased, but the proportion of trophic eggs produced increased. However, egg mass, egg clutch number, and egg clutch size were not influenced by the treatment. Next, when offspring encountered H. axyridis, mothers experiencing IGP risk during the larval and/or adult stages could increase their offspring's weight. Moreover, offspring in IGP environments reached a similar size as those with no-IGP environments when mothers experienced IGP risk during the larval and/or adult stages. Overall, M. sexmaculatus larval and/or adult exposure to IGP risk had no influence on egg size, but increased offspring body size when faced with H. axyridis. Additionally, mothers experiencing IGP risk during different life stages showed increased production of trophic eggs. Because IGP is frequently observed on M. sexmaculatus and favours relatively larger individuals, different stages of M. sexmaculatus express threat-sensitively to IGP risk; inducing maternal effects can be an adaptive survival strategy to defend against H. axyridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control Ministry of Education the People's Republic of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tongxian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Baoli Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control Ministry of Education the People's Republic of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Abstract
Developmental rates are highly variable, both within and between genotypes and populations. But the rationale for two differential (slow and fast) developmental rates within same cohort under varying prey supply has yet not been explored. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of scarce and abundant prey supply on slow and fast development at 27°C in two aphidophagous ladybirds, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) and Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) and its effect on their body mass and reproductive attributes. The ladybirds were provided with scarce and abundant supply of Aphis craccivora Koch under standardized abiotic conditions in the laboratory. A clear bimodal (two peaks, where the first peak represented the fast developing individuals and the second peak slow developing individuals) pattern of distribution for both prey supplies was obtained, which got skewed with change in prey supply. On abundant prey supply, more fast developing individuals (139 M. sexmaculatus and 123 P. dissecta) were found and less (46 M. sexmaculatus and 36 P. dissecta) on scarce prey supply. Slow developing individuals had female biased sex ratio, higher longevity and lower body mass. Fast developing females laid higher number of eggs with higher egg viability. Results of the study are indicative of occurrence and constancy of the slow and fast developing individuals in the egg batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Singh
- Ladybird Research Laboratory,Department of Zoology,University of Lucknow,Lucknow-226007,India
| | - G Mishra
- Ladybird Research Laboratory,Department of Zoology,University of Lucknow,Lucknow-226007,India
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Singh N, Mishra G. Effect of photoperiod on slow and fast developing individuals in aphidophagous ladybirds, Menochilus sexmaculatus and Propylea dissecta (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Insect Sci 2016; 23:117-133. [PMID: 25382458 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of environmental parameters on insect development have been studied extensively. But the reasons for 2 differential developmental rates within same cohort under varying environmental factors have not been explored. For the purpose, in this study the existence and stability of slow and fast development under 5 photoperiods (i.e., 8L: 16D, 10L : 14D, 12L : 12D, 14L : 10D and 16L : 8D; light and dark hours per day) and its effect on body mass and reproductive attributes in 2 aphidophagous ladybirds, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) and Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) was examined on Aphis craccivora Koch at 27 ± 1 °C temperature. A clear bimodal (2 peaks, where the first peak represented the fast developing and the 2nd peak slow developing individuals) pattern of distribution at each photoperiod was found. The proportion of slow and fast developing individuals in a cohort differed with photoperiods. The slow developing individuals were more in numbers at 8L : 16D, in equal numbers at 14L : 10D and in less numbers at 16L: 8D, indicating that the variation in emergence was owing to exogenous cues influenced differential rates of mortality. Slow developing individuals had female biased sex ratio, higher longevity and lower body mass than fast developing individuals. Fast developing females laid higher numbers of eggs with higher egg viability than slow developing females. Study of such variations in development at different photoperiods is helpful to understand its role in the development of insects particularly ladybirds and permits the selection of fast developing bioagents for their use in biocontrol of pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Geetanjali Mishra
- Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
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