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Contreras-Mancilla J, Cerapio JP, Ruiz E, Fernández R, Casavilca-Zambrano S, Machicado C, Fournié JJ, Pineau P, Bertani S. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Peru: A molecular description of an unconventional clinical presentation. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2023:S2255-534X(23)00044-0. [PMID: 37164797 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most frequent cancer of digestive tract tumors in Peru, with a high mortality rate of 17.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. A significant number of HCC cases in Peru do not follow the classic clinical epidemiology of the disease described in other parts of the world. Those patients present with a distinct transcriptome profile and a singular tumor process, suggesting a particular type of hepatocarcinogenesis in a portion of the Peruvian population. Our aim was to understand the clinical and biologic involvement of the epigenetic profile (methylation) and gene expression (transcriptome) of HCC in Peruvian patients. METHODS HCC and liver transcriptome and DNA methylation profiles were evaluated in 74 Peruvian patients. RESULTS When grouped by age, there was greater DNA methylation in younger patients with HCC but no differences with respect to the transcriptomic profile. A high prevalence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) (>90%) was also observed in the younger patients with HCC. Enrichment analyses in both molecular profiles pinpointed PRC2 as an important molecular effector of that liver tumor process in Peruvian patients. CONCLUSION HCC in Peruvian patients has a unique molecular profile, associated with the presence of HBV, as well as overall DNA hypermethylation related to undifferentiated liver cells or cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Contreras-Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional y Biología Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía - LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru
| | - J P Cerapio
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037 CRCT, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Laboratorio de Excelencia Toulouse-Cáncer (TOUCAN), Toulouse, France
| | - E Ruiz
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - R Fernández
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - S Casavilca-Zambrano
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - C Machicado
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional y Biología Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía - LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Instituto de Biocomputación y Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J J Fournié
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037 CRCT, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Laboratorio de Excelencia Toulouse-Cáncer (TOUCAN), Toulouse, France
| | - P Pineau
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Institut Pasteur, U 993, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - S Bertani
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Université de Toulouse, UMR 152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
Current evidence supports the notion that exposure to various environmental conditions in early life may induce permanent changes in the epigenome that persist throughout the life-course. This article focuses on early changes associated with obesity in adult life. A review is presented on the factors that induce changes in whole genome (DNA) methylation in early life that are associated with adult onset obesity and related disorders. In contrast, reversal of epigenetic changes associated with weight loss in obese subjects has not been demonstrated. This contrasts with well-established associations found between obesity related DNA methylation patterns at birth and adult onset obesity and diabetes. Epigenetic markers may serve to screen indivuals at risk for obesity and assess the effects of interventions in early life that may delay or prevent obesity in early life. This might contribute to lower the obesity-related burden of death and disability at the population level. The available evidence indicates that epigenetic marks are in fact modifiable, based on modifications in the intrauterine environment and changes in food intake, physical activity and dietary patterns patterns during pregnancy and early years of adult life. This offers the opportunity to intervene before conception, during pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and also in later life. There must be documentation on the best preventive actions in terms of diet and physical activity that will modify or revert the adverse epigenetic markers, thus preventing obesity and diabetes in suceptible individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Casanello
- División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo J Krause
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A Castro-Rodríguez
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Corvalán AH, Maturana MJ. [Infections and epigenetic changes in cancer]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 87:245-9. [PMID: 27474231 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of epigenetics and infectious diseases at early stages of life influence pre-malignant lesions of cancer, in particular, gastric cancer, one of the most frequent tumours in Chile, Latin America, and worldwide. This article examines the role of H.pylori and epigenetic alterations (i.e. DNA methylation) at early stages of gastric cancer and proposes, from the paediatric point of view, strategies for prevention and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro H Corvalán
- Departamento de Hematología y Oncología, División de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - María José Maturana
- Departamento de Hematología y Oncología, División de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Iridoy Zulet M, Pulido Fontes L, Ayuso Blanco T, Lacruz Bescos F, Mendioroz Iriarte M. Epigenetic changes in neurology: DNA methylation in multiple sclerosis. Neurologia 2015; 32:463-468. [PMID: 25976949 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetics is defined as the study of the mechanisms that regulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. The best known is DNA methylation. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease with no entirely known etiology, in which it is stated that the involvement of environmental factors on people with a genetic predisposition, may be key to the development of the disease. It is at this intersection between genetic predisposition and environmental factors where DNA methylation may play a pathogenic role. DEVELOPMENT A literature review of the effects of environmental risk factors for the development of MS can have on the different epigenetic mechanisms as well as the implication that such changes have on the development of the disease. CONCLUSION Knowledge of epigenetic modifications involved in the pathogenesis of MS, opens a new avenue of research for identification of potential biomarkers, as well as finding new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iridoy Zulet
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - L Pulido Fontes
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España; Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - T Ayuso Blanco
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - F Lacruz Bescos
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - M Mendioroz Iriarte
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España; Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Pamplona, Navarra, España.
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Pugin A, Faundes V, Santa María L, Curotto B, Aliaga S, Salas I, Soto P, Bravo P, Peña MI, Alliende MA. Clinical, molecular, and pharmacological aspects of FMR1 related disorders. Neurologia 2014; 32:241-252. [PMID: 25529181 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. DEVELOPMENT This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (>200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of FMR1, resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of FMR1, which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as autism and learning disabilities as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). CONCLUSIONS Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pugin
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Faundes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - L Santa María
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Curotto
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Aliaga
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Salas
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Soto
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Bravo
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M I Peña
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M A Alliende
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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