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Lee HH, Tang Y, Xu K, Bao S, Fogo AB, Harris R, de Caestecker MP, Heinrich M, Spraggins JM, Huo Y, Landman BA. Multi-contrast computed tomography healthy kidney atlas. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105555. [PMID: 35533459 PMCID: PMC10243466 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The construction of three-dimensional multi-modal tissue maps provides an opportunity to spur interdisciplinary innovations across temporal and spatial scales through information integration. While the preponderance of effort is allocated to the cellular level and explore the changes in cell interactions and organizations, contextualizing findings within organs and systems is essential to visualize and interpret higher resolution linkage across scales. There is a substantial normal variation of kidney morphometry and appearance across body size, sex, and imaging protocols in abdominal computed tomography (CT). A volumetric atlas framework is needed to integrate and visualize the variability across scales. However, there is no abdominal and retroperitoneal organs atlas framework for multi-contrast CT. Hence, we proposed a high-resolution CT retroperitoneal atlas specifically optimized for the kidney organ across non-contrast CT and early arterial, late arterial, venous and delayed contrast-enhanced CT. We introduce a deep learning-based volume interest extraction method by localizing the 2D slices with a representative score and crop within the range of the abdominal interest. An automated two-stage hierarchal registration pipeline is then performed to register abdominal volumes to a high-resolution CT atlas template with DEEDS affine and non-rigid registration. To generate and evaluate the atlas framework, multi-contrast modality CT scans of 500 subjects (without reported history of renal disease, age: 15-50 years, 250 males & 250 females) were processed. PDD-Net with affine registration achieved the best overall mean DICE for portal venous phase multi-organs label transfer with the registration pipeline (0.540 ± 0.275, p < 0.0001 Wilcoxon signed-rank test) comparing to the other registration tools. It also demonstrated the best performance with the median DICE over 0.8 in transferring the kidney information to the atlas space. DEEDS perform constantly with stable transferring performance in all phases average mapping including significant clear boundary of kidneys with contrastive characteristics, while PDD-Net only demonstrates a stable kidney registration in the average mapping of early and late arterial, and portal venous phase. The variance mappings demonstrate the low intensity variance in the kidney regions with DEEDS across all contrast phases and with PDD-Net across late arterial and portal venous phase. We demonstrate a stable generalizability of the atlas template for integrating the normal kidney variation from small to large, across contrast modalities and populations with great variability of demographics. The linkage of atlas and demographics provided a better understanding of the variation of kidney anatomy across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Hin Lee
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, USA.
| | - Yucheng Tang
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nashville, USA
| | - Kaiwen Xu
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, USA
| | - Shunxing Bao
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Nashville, USA
| | - Raymond Harris
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Mark P de Caestecker
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | | | | | - Yuankai Huo
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Nashville, USA
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