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Alchouron J, Navarathna C, Chludil HD, Dewage NB, Perez F, Hassan EB, Pittman CU, Vega AS, Mlsna TE. Assessing South American Guadua chacoensis bamboo biochar and Fe 3O 4 nanoparticle dispersed analogues for aqueous arsenic(V) remediation. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:135943. [PMID: 31862592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Discarded bamboo culms of Guadua chacoensis were used for biochar remediation of aqueous As(V). Raw biochar (BC), activated biochar (BCA), raw Fe3O4 nanoparticle-covered biochar (BC-Fe), and activated biochar covered with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (BCA-Fe) were prepared, characterized and tested for As(V) aqueous adsorption. The goal is to develop an economic, viable, and sustainable adsorbent to provide safe arsenic-free water. Adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis by X-ray (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements (SBET), point of zero charge determinations (PZC), and elemental analysis. Activation with KOH increased the O/C ratio and the surface area of BC from 6.7 m2/g to 1239.7 m2/g (BCA). As(V) sorption equilibrium was achieved within <2 h for all four adsorbents and kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. At a 10 mg/L initial As(V) concentration, BC-Fe achieved a 100% removal (5 mg/g) over a pH 5 to 9 window. Sorption was endothermic on all four adsorbents and the capacities rose with the increasing temperature. Langmuir capacities at 40 °C for BC, BCA, BC-Fe, and BCA-Fe were 256, 217, 457, and 868 mg/g, respectively, and capacities were compared with other sorbents. Breakthrough fixed-bed column sorption was carried out for BC and BC-Fe producing 6.6 mg/g and 13.9 mg/g bed capacities, respectively. Potassium phosphate was a better As stripping agent than sodium bicarbonate. Performance of the adsorbents in an As(V)-spiked natural water and a naturally As(V)-contaminated domestic water were assessed. Robust arsenate sequestration occurred generating As-safe water (As <0.01 mg/L), despite the presence of competing ions. Stoichiometric precipitation of iron-arsenate complexes triggered by iron dissolution was also established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Alchouron
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chanaka Navarathna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9573, USA
| | - Hugo D Chludil
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Narada B Dewage
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9573, USA
| | - Felio Perez
- Material Science Lab, Integrated Microscopy Center, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - El Barbary Hassan
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9573, USA
| | - Andrea S Vega
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Todd E Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9573, USA.
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