Genotoxicity of mixture of imidacloprid, imazalil and tebuconazole

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Imidacloprid, imazalil, tebuconazole were non-genotoxic separately.

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The mixture of imidacloprid + imazalil + tebuconazole was negative in Ames test.

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The mixture induced a statistically significant increase in MN-PCEs in bone marrow.

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The effect observed in vivo is probably mediated by synergism of TGAIs.

Genotoxicity of the mixture of generic pesticides imidacloprid + imazalil + tebuconazole in a ratio of 14.0/1.7/1.0 by weight was assessed using Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium) and micronucleus test in vivo on mammalian bone marrow erythrocytes (CD-1 mice) supporting the data creation for the Real Life Risk Simulation (RLRS) approach. This pesticides’ combination is used in the commercial formulation for seed treatment in advance of or immediately before sowing. Tested pesticides’ technical grade active ingredients (TGAIs) showed no evidence of genotoxicity upon separate treatments. In combination, the three pesticides demonstrated negative results in the Ames test but induced a statistically significant, dose-depended increase in MN-PCEs in mice bone marrow at doses lower than those used separately. The observed effect may be mediated by the synergistic action of the tested TGAIs, their metabolites or impurities.

Maximum tolerated doses and erythropoiesis effects in the mouse bone marrow by 79 pesticides' technical materials assessed with the micronucleus assay

Effects of technical materials of pesticide active ingredients, belonging to various chemical classes, on erythropoiesis in mouse bone marrow were studied as part of the research on the pesticide mutagenic activity in micronucleus test. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the toxic action of the test substances on the target organ and the validity of the results of the micronucleus assay under conditions of erythropoiesis suppression. It was demonstrated that intragastrically administrated triazole pesticides reached bone marrow (target organ where micronucleus induction was assessed) and exerted an inhibitory effect on erythropoiesis. The effects of triazole pesticides were enhanced in the following order: difenoconazole ≤ tebuconazole < cyproconazole < flutriafol. Furthermore, an association between structural features of molecules and specific target organ activity of the test pesticides was observed. Based on the data on the general toxicity and the results of the evaluation of the effects on erythropoiesis, the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of 79 different technical materials of pesticides for CD-1 mice were determined.

Genotoxicity evaluation of alpha-linolenic acid-diacylglycerol oil

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We evaluated the genotoxicity of ALA-DAG oil using standard tests.

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Bacterial reverse mutation and in vitro/in vivo micronucleus tests were conducted.

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No genotoxicity was observed under the testing conditions.

The alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-diacylglycerol (DAG) oil is an edible oil enriched with DAG (>80%) and ALA (>50%). Although DAG oil, which mainly consists of oleic and linoleic acids has no genotoxic concerns, the fatty acid composition could affect the chemical property of DAG. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of ALA-DAG oil using standard genotoxicity tests in accordance with the OECD guidelines. ALA-DAG oil showed negative results in the bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) and in vitro micronucleus test in cultured Chinese hamster lung cells with and without metabolic activation, and in the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test in mice. Our results did not show any genotoxicity, suggesting that the fatty acid composition had no deleterious effects. We conclude that ALA-DAG oil had no genotoxicity concerns under the testing conditions.