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Liu Y, Luo Z, Xie Y, Sun Y, Yuan F, Jiang L, Lu H, Hu J. Extracellular vesicles from UTX-knockout endothelial cells boost neural stem cell differentiation in spinal cord injury. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:155. [PMID: 38424563 PMCID: PMC10903014 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial cells are pivotal in the pathophysiological progression following spinal cord injury (SCI). The UTX (Ubiquitously Transcribed Tetratripeptide Repeat on Chromosome X) serves as a significant regulator of endothelial cell phenotype. The manipulation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) offers a compelling strategy for the amelioration of SCI. METHODS Two mouse models were used to investigate SCI: NSCs lineage-traced mice and mice with conditional UTX knockout (UTX KO) in endothelial cells. To study the effects of UTX KO on neural differentiation, we harvested extracellular vesicles (EVs) from both UTX KO spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells (SCMECs) and negative control SCMECs. These EVs were then employed to modulate the differentiation trajectory of endogenous NSCs in the SCI model. RESULTS In our NSCs lineage-traced mice model of SCI, a marked decrease in neurogenesis was observed post-injury. Notably, NSCs in UTX KO SCMECs mice showed enhanced neuronal differentiation compared to controls. RNA sequencing and western blot analyses revealed an upregulation of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), a gene associated with neurogenesis, in UTX KO SCMECs and their secreted EVs. This aligns with the observed promotion of neurogenesis in UTX KO conditions. In vivo administration of L1CAM-rich EVs from UTX KO SCMECs (KO EVs) to the mice significantly enhanced neural differentiation. Similarly, in vitro exposure of NSCs to KO EVs resulted in increased activation of the Akt signaling pathway, further promoting neural differentiation. Conversely, inhibiting Akt phosphorylation or knocking down L1CAM negated the beneficial effects of KO EVs on NSC neuronal differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings substantiate that EVs derived from UTX KO SCMECs can act as facilitators of neural differentiation following SCI. This study not only elucidates a novel mechanism but also opens new horizons for therapeutic interventions in the treatment of SCI. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zixiang Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Khatami M, Moradi Y, Rahimi Darehbagh R, Azizi D, Pooladi A, Ramezani R, Seyedoshohadaei SA. The Effect of Biomaterials on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell Neural Differentiation: A Scoping Review. Cell J 2023; 25:813-821. [PMID: 38192251 PMCID: PMC10777319 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2007711.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Neural cells are the most important components of the nervous system and have the duty of electrical signal transmission. Damage to these cells can lead to neurological disorders. Scientists have discovered different methods, such as stem cell therapy, to heal or regenerate damaged neural cells. Dental stem cells are among the different cells used in this method. This review attempts to evaluate the effect of biomaterials mentioned in the cited papers on differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) into neural cells for use in stem cell therapy of neurological disorders. We searched international databases for articles about the effect of biomaterials on neuronal differentiation of hDPSCs. The relevant articles were screened by title, abstract, and full text, followed by selection and data extraction. Totally, we identified 731 articles and chose 18 for inclusion in the study. A total of four studies employed polymeric scaffolds, four assessed chitosan scaffolds (CS), two utilised hydrogel scaffolds, one investigation utilised decellularised extracellular matrix (ECM), and six studies applied the floating sphere technique. hDPSCs could heal nerve damage in regenerative medicine. In the third iteration of nerve conduits, scaffolds, stem cells, regulated growth factor release, and ECM proteins restore major nerve damage. hDPSCs must differentiate into neural cells or neuron-like cells to regenerate nerves. Plastic-adherent cultures, floating dentosphere cultures, CS, polymeric scaffolds, hydrogels, and ECM mimics have been used to differentiate hDPSCs. According to our findings, the floating dentosphere technique and 3D-PLAS are currently the two best techniques since they result in neuroprogenitor cells, which are the starting point of differentiation and they can turn into any desired neural cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Khatami
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ramyar Rahimi Darehbagh
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Nanoclub Elites Association, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sanandaj, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Donya Azizi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Arash Pooladi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Rojin Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Asrin Seyedoshohadaei
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Shokohi R, Nabiuni M, Irian S, Miyan JA. In Vitro Effects of Wistar Rat Prenatal and Postnatal Cerebrospinal Fluid on Neural Differentiation and P roliferation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Bone Marrow. Cell J 2017; 19:537-544. [PMID: 29105387 PMCID: PMC5672091 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in cortical development during the fetal stages. Embryonic
CSF (E-CSF) consists of numerous neurotrophic and growth factors that regulate neurogenesis, differentiation, and
proliferation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potential stem cells that can differentiate into mesenchymal
and non-mesenchymal cells, including neural cells. This study evaluates the prenatal and postnatal effects of CSF on
proliferation and neural differentiation of bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) at gestational ages E19, E20, and the first
day after birth (P1).
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we confirmed the mesenchymal nature of BM-MSCs according to
their adherence properties and surface markers (CD44, CD73 and CD45). The multi-potential characteristics of BM-
MSCs were verified by assessments of the osteogenic and adipogenic potentials of these cells. Under appropriate in
vitro conditions, the BM-MSCs cultures were incubated with and without additional pre- and postnatal CSF. The MTT
assay was used to quantify cellular proliferation and viability. Immunocytochemistry was used to study the expression
of MAP-2 and β-III tubulin in the BM-MSCs. We used ImageJ software to measure the length of the neurites in the
cultured cells.
Results BM-MSCs differentiated into neuronal cell types when exposed to basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF).
Viability and proliferation of the BM-MSCs conditioned with E19, E20, and P1 CSF increased compared to the control
group. We observed significantly elevated neural differentiation of the BM-MSCS cultured in the CSF-supplemented
medium from E19 compared to cultures conditioned with E20 and P1 CSF group.
Conclusion The results have confirmed that E19, E20, and P1 CSF could induce proliferation and differentiation of
BM-MSCs though they are age dependent factors. The presented data support a significant, conductive role of CSF
components in neuronal survival, proliferation, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozmehr Shokohi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nabiuni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Koss K, Tsui C, Unsworth LD. Induced Neural Differentiation of MMP-2 Cleaved (RADA) 4 Drug Delivery Systems. J Control Release 2016; 243:204-213. [PMID: 27720765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
(RADA)4 self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are promising for neural nanoscaffolds with on-demand drug delivery capabilities due to their automated synthesis, in-situ assembly, and potential for interaction with and release of biomolecules. Neuroinflammation cued on-demand drug release, due to up-regulated proteases, may well be vital in the treatment of several neurological diseases. In these conditions, releasing neurotrophic growth factors (NTFs) could potentially lead to neuroprotection and neurogenesis. As such, (RADA)4 was made with the high and low activity matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) cleaved sequences, GPQG+IASQ (CP1) and GPQG+PAGQ (CP2), the brain-derived NTF secretion stimulating peptide MVG (DP1) and the ciliary NTF analogue DGGL (DP2). PC-12 cell culture was performed to assess bioactive substrate cell adhesion and NTF specific neuronal differentiation. The laminin-derived IKVAV peptide, known for neural cell attachment and interaction, was tethered to (RADA)4-IKVAV and mixed in increasing increments with (RADA)4 for this purpose. With 1 nanomolar MMP-2 treatment, product formation was observed to increase over a three day period, with (RADA)4/(RADA)4-CP1/CP2 mixture, however there was little difference between groups. Smaller CP1/CP2 concentrations displayed comparable (RADA)4 nanoscale morphology to higher concentrations. Acetylcholine esterase and neural differentiation was observed over 3 days with 1 nM MMP-2 treatment according to the following makeup: 8/1/1 (RADA)4/(RADA)4-IKVAV/(RADA)4-CP1/CP2-DP1/DP2. Signalling gradually increased in all groups, and neurite outgrowth was visible after three days.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koss
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 11487 89 ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M7; National Institute for Nanotechnology, NRC, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9
| | - C Tsui
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 11487 89 ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M7; National Institute for Nanotechnology, NRC, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9
| | - L D Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 11487 89 ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M7; National Institute for Nanotechnology, NRC, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9.
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Mortazavi Y, Sheikhsaran F, Khamisipour GK, Soleimani M, Teimuri A, Shokri S. The Evaluation of Nerve Growth Factor Over Expression on Neural Lineage Specific Genes in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell J 2016; 18:189-96. [PMID: 27540523 PMCID: PMC4988417 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Treatment and repair of neurodegenerative diseases such as brain tumors,
spinal cord injuries, and functional disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, are challenging problems. A common treatment approach for such disorders involves the use of
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an alternative cell source to replace injured cells.
However, use of these cells in hosts may potentially cause adverse outcomes such as tumorigenesis and uncontrolled differentiation. In attempt to generate mesenchymal derived
neural cells, we have infected MSCs with recombinant lentiviruses that expressed nerve
growth factor (NGF) and assessed their neural lineage genes.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we cloned the NGF gene sequence
into a helper dependent lentiviral vector that contained the green fluorescent protein (GFP)
gene. The recombinant vector was amplified in DH5 bacterial cells. Recombinant viruses
were generated in the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) packaging cell line with
the helper vectors and analyzed under fluorescent microscopy. Bone marrow mesenchymal cells were infected by recombinant viruses for three days followed by assessment of
neural differentiation. We evaluated expression of NGF through measurement of the NGF
protein in culture medium by ELISA; neural specific genes were quantified by real-time
polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results We observed neural morphological changes after three days. Quantitative PCR
showed that expressions of NESTIN, glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) genes increased
following induction of NGF overexpression, whereas expressions of endogenous NGF
and brain derived neural growth factor (BDNF) genes reduced.
Conclusion Ectopic expression of NGF can induce neurogenesis in MSCs. Direct injection of MSCs may cause tumorigenesis and an undesirable outcome. Therefore an
alternative choice to overcome this obstacle may be the utilization of differentiated neural
stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Mortazavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhsaran
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Teimuri
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shokri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Jang HJ, Park HH, Linh TTT, Lee HK, Song KD, Lee WK. Characterization of Bovine NANOG5'-flanking Region during Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:1721-8. [PMID: 26580439 PMCID: PMC4647080 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been used as a powerful tool for research including gene manipulated animal models and the study of developmental gene regulation. Among the critical regulatory factors that maintain the pluripotency and self-renewal of undifferentiated ESCs, NANOG plays a very important role. Nevertheless, because pluripotency maintaining factors and specific markers for livestock ESCs have not yet been probed, few studies of the NANOG gene from domestic animals including bovine have been reported. Therefore, we chose mouse ESCs in order to understand and compare NANOG expression between bovine, human, and mouse during ESCs differentiation. We cloned a 600 bp (−420/+181) bovine NANOG 5′-flanking region, and tagged it with humanized recombinant green fluorescent protein (hrGFP) as a tracing reporter. Very high GFP expression for bovine NANOG promoter was observed in the mouse ESC line. GFP expression was monitored upon ESC differentiation and was gradually reduced along with differentiation toward neurons and adipocyte cells. Activity of bovine NANOG (−420/+181) promoter was compared with already known mouse and human NANOG promoters in mouse ESC and they were likely to show a similar pattern of regulation. In conclusion, bovine NANOG 5-flanking region functions in mouse ES cells and has characteristics similar to those of mouse and human. These results suggest that bovine gene function studied in mouse ES cells should be evaluated and extrapolated for application to characterization of bovine ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Jang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Tran Thi Thuy Linh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Woon Kyu Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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Parivar K, Baharara J, Sheikholeslami A. Neural differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells treated with sex steroid hormones and basic fibroblast growth factor. Cell J 2015; 17:27-36. [PMID: 25870832 PMCID: PMC4393669 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective There are several factors, like environmental agents, neurotrophic factors,
serotonin and some hormones such as estrogen, affecting neurogenesis and neural differentiation. Regarding to importance of proliferation and regeneration in central nervous
system, and a progressive increase in neurodegenerative diseases, cell therapy is an
attractive approach in neuroscience. The aim of the present study was to investigate the
effects of sex steroid hormones and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on neuronal differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs).
Materials and Methods This experimental study was established in Kharazmi Univer-
sity. BM was isolated from the bones of femur and tibia of 4-6-week old Naval Medical
Research Institute (NMRI) mice, and the cells were cultured. The cells were divided into
following 4 groups based on the applied treatments: I. control (no treatment), II. steroid
hormones (β-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone), III. bFGF and IV. combination of
steroid hormones and bFGF. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometery analyses were
applied for beta III-tubulin (β-III tubulin) and microtubule-associated proteins-2 (MAP-2) in
4 days of treatment for all groups.
Results The cells treated with combination of bFGF and steroid hormones represented
more expressions of neural markers as compared to control and to other two groups
treated with either bFGF or steroid hormones.
Conclusion This study showed that BM-MSCs can express specific neural markers after
receiving bFGF pretreatment that was followed by sex steroid hormones treatment. More
investigations are necessary to specify whether steroid hormones and bFGF can be considered for treatment of CNS diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Parivar
- Department of Biology, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Baharara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Sheikholeslami
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Meamar R, Dehghani L, Karamali F. Toxicity effects of methamphetamine on embryonic stem cell-derived neuron. J Res Med Sci 2012; 17:470-4. [PMID: 23626614 PMCID: PMC3634275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) is the most popular recreational drug. According to potential neurotoxicity of this agent, it can cause deleterious effects on neural differentiation of embryo, if MA is used during the child bearing period. In recent decades, undifferentiated pluripotent embryo-derived stem cell lines, resembling early embryonic stages, have been used to analyze the toxic effects of components in vitro. Thus, this study aims at assessing toxic effects of MA on embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived neuronal cells during differentiation in a pharmacological model. MATERIALS AND METHODS ESC line Royan was used throughout this study. The effect of MA on neural differentiation was assessed during two periods, group 1: MA (10, 100, 200,500, 750, 1000 μM concentrations) was added during EB formation, group 2: MA (10, 50, 70, 100, 200, 500 μM concentrations) was added after the generation of neural precursors. Then cells were evaluated for neuronal markers by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. One way ANOVA followed by the post hoc test was used to analyze data. RESULTS The declining in outgrowth of dendrites was observed in neural morphology in a dose dependent manner. The ID50 (Inhibition of neuronal differentiation) of groups 1 and 2 were 130 and 400 μM, respectively. By using RT-PCR, in comparison with MAP2, no significant change was observed in Nestin expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data on neuronal toxicity were consistent with in vivo and in vitro studies. We concluded that ESCs can be used as an efficient model to assess the toxicity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsareh Meamar
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences And Department of Medical Science, Najaf Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University And Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran.,Address for correspondence: Rokhsareh Meamar, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Leila Dehghani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research And Neuroscience Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Freshte Karamali
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Isfahan, Iran, Isfahan, Iran
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