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Potturi A, Karthik Raj, Reddy NVV, Rajan R, Kumar JD, Bharath YW. Analysis of Effect of Melatonin on Postoperative Sensory Nerve Recovery Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Anterior Mandible Fractures: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:356-362. [PMID: 38601244 PMCID: PMC11001823 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-02108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the anterior mandibular fractures are commonly associated with mental nerve paraesthesia. This study evaluates the efficacy of melatonin on postoperative sensory functional recovery and pain following surgical treatment of anterior mandibular fractures. Methods Forty patients were randomly allocated to two groups: Group I-melatonin, and Group II-control group. Postoperative neurosensory recovery was evaluated both subjectively and objectively at 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month intervals. The pain was assessed during the immediate postoperative period, postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 7 using a visual analog scale. Statistical significance was set at P value < 0.05. Results The statistically significant difference was noticed in both subjective and objective recovery of sensory nerve function at 1-month follow-up. All patients in the melatonin group showed complete recovery of nerve function as compared to the control group where 10% of patients showed limited recovery. Conclusion Neurosensory recovery following ORIF of mandibular fractures was better in the melatonin group as compared to the control group and therefore the perioperative administration of 10 mg. Melatonin can be recommended for quicker and better nerve recovery in the anterior mandibular fractures requiring close manipulation of the mental nerve during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karthik Raj
- SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | | | - Ritesh Rajan
- SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | | | - Y. W. Bharath
- SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana India
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Hamad SA, Khrwatany KAK, Mohammed MR, Tutmayi SH. Effect of betamethasone injection into the pterygomandibular space on the neurosensory disturbance after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy: a pilot study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:96. [PMID: 38297403 PMCID: PMC10832094 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of local betamethasone injection into the pterygomandibular space on postoperative neurosensory deficits. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective controlled clinical study was conducted on 16 patients (6 male, 10 female; mean age, 24.95 ± 9.22 years) who underwent bilateral sagittal ramus osteotomy for mandibular discrepancies. One side of each patient's mandible was randomly selected as the control side, and the opposite side as the experimental side. On the experimental side, a solution of betamethasone (6 mg/1 ml) was injected into the pterygomandibular space after the completion of wound closure. Neurosensory tests, including light touch, two-point discrimination, direction of movement, thermal sensitivity, and pin-prick discrimination, were performed. The follow-up period ranged between 6 and 12 months, according to the particular sensory test. The Fisher exact test was used to analyse the data. RESULTS The light touch sensation was abnormal in 75% of the control side and 31% of the study side, with the difference being significant (p = 0.03). However, at 6 months, all the study cases regained touch sensation, compared to 69% of the control side. No significant difference in direction movement discrimination was seen; however, at 3 months, the study side showed significantly less direction sensation (19%) compared to the control side (56%) (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the two-point discrimination; however, at 3 months, the study side had a significantly less abnormal two-point sensation (13%) than the control side (56%) (p = 0.02). In addition, no significant difference was noted in thermal sensitivity or pin-prick sensation. CONCLUSION Betamethasone injection into the pterygomandibular space reduces neurosensory disturbances after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomies nd leads to faster recovery of sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mustafa Rasul Mohammed
- Department of Dental Assistant, Medical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Saeed Hameed Tutmayi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
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Deryabin G, Grybauskas S. Dental implant placement with inferior alveolar nerve repositioning in severely resorbed mandibles: a retrospective multicenter study of implant success and survival rates, and lower lip sensory disturbances. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:44. [PMID: 34105021 PMCID: PMC8187674 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to analyze medium-to-long-term implant success and survival rates, and lower lip sensory disturbance after placement of dental implants with simultaneous inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) repositioning. Methods Fifteen patients (3 men, 12 women) treated in two centers were included in this retrospective study. The ages of the participants ranged from 19 to 68. A total of 48 dental implants were placed in 23 posterior mandibular segments simultaneously with IAN transposition or lateralization. The residual bone above the IAN ranged from 0.5 to 7.0 mm. Crestal bone changes were measured using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Disturbance of the IAN was evaluated subjectively using a modified questionnaire. Results The healing process was uneventful in fourteen patients. In one patient, spontaneous fracture of the operated mandible occurred on tenth day after the surgery. The implant in the fracture line was removed at the time of open reduction and fixation. One more implant was lost after 5 years of loading. Therefore, the overall dental implant survival rate was 95.8%, whereas all implants in function were judged as successful after a follow-up period of 1 to 10 years. Transient neurosensory disturbances (ND) were observed in all patients who underwent IAN lateralization and IAN transposition. At follow-up times of 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years, weak hypoesthesia remained in two subjects treated with IAN transposition. None of the patients developed neuropathic pain after the procedure. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that reconstruction of severely resorbed mandibles with dental implants in conjunction with IAN repositioning is an effective and reliable technique. Although neurosensory disturbances are the most common complication after surgery, they tend to resolve over time. Advanced surgical skills are required to perform this technique.
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Bashiri S, Malekzadeh H, Fekrazad R. The effect of delayed photobiomodulation on neurosensory disturbance recovery after zygomatic trauma: A parallel controlled clinical trial. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 217:112153. [PMID: 33640829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zygomatic fractures are usually accompanied with neural complications, which are routinely treated by surgery or medication. However, photobiomodulation has been proven as a non-invasive method with better results in nerve's regeneration and repair. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the healing effect of photobiomodulation on neurosensory defect after facial trauma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this parallel controlled clinical trial, 35 control cases and 36 patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures as well as the sustained infraorbital nerve paresthesia were included. Afterward, Laser irradiation was applied using a GaAlAs diode laser (810 nm, 27 J/cm2, 200 mW) on 12 points on malar area of paresthesia during 12 sessions within six weeks. Neurosensory evaluations were performed in four sessions as follows: at baseline, the end of treatment, one month, and three months after the last session of irradiation, which were achieved through three tests including visual analogue scales (VAS) for general sensitivity, two-point discrimination, and pain discrimination. Repeated measure ANOVA, independent t-test, and Chi-square test were used for comparing time trends, each time point, and gender, respectively. P-values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The patients and controls were matched in both terms of age and gender. Baseline results showed non-significant differences between the two groups based on the VAS, pain, and two-point discrimination. Moreover, for VAS scale, some significant differences were observed between the groups by passing "one month and three months from therapy". Pain and two-point discriminations showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in "one month after therapy" and "at the end of the therapy, one month after therapy, and three months after therapy", respectively. CONCLUSION Photobiomodulation could be considered as an effective treatment option for post-traumatic neurosensory disturbance of facial area in terms of VAS, pain and two-point discrimination, even if not performed early after trauma.
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Semper-Hogg W, Fuessinger MA, Dirlewanger TW, Cornelius CP, Metzger MC. The influence of dexamethasone on postoperative swelling and neurosensory disturbances after orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Head Face Med 2017; 13:19. [PMID: 29116013 PMCID: PMC5678574 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-017-0153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthognathic surgery is associated with considerable swelling and neurosensory disturbances. Serious swelling can lead to great physical and psychological strain. A randomized, prospective, controlled clinical trial was realized in order to evaluate the effect of a preoperative intravenous dexamethasone injection of 40 mg on postoperative swelling and neurosensory disturbances after orthognathic surgery. METHODS Thirty-eight patients (27 male and 11 female) patients, all with the indication for an orthognathic surgery, were enrolled in this study (mean age: 27.63 years, range: 16-61 years) and randomly divided into two groups (study group/ control group). Both groups underwent either maxillary and/or mandibular osteotomies, resulting in three subgroups according to surgical technique (A: LeFort I osteotomy, B: bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), C: bimaxillary osteotomy). The study group received a single preoperative intravenous injection of 40 mg dexamethasone. Facial edema was measured by 3D surface scans on the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 14th and 90th postoperative day. Furthermore, neurosensory disturbances on the 2nd, 5th, 14th and 90th postoperative day were investigated by thermal stimulation. RESULTS Facial edema after LeFort I osteotomy, BSSO and bimaxillary osteotomy showed a significant decrease in the study group compared to the control group (P = 0.048, P = 0.045, P < 0.001). The influence of dexamethasone on neurosensory disturbances was not significant for the inferior alveolar nerve (P = 0.746) or the infraorbital nerve (P = 0.465). CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing orthognathic surgery should receive a preoperative injection of dexamethasone in order to control and reduce edema. However, there was no influence of dexamethasone on reduction of neurosensory disturbances. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS00009033 .
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Affiliation(s)
- W Semper-Hogg
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55 D, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - M A Fuessinger
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55 D, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T W Dirlewanger
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55 D, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C P Cornelius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstraße 2a D, 80337, München, Germany
| | - M C Metzger
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55 D, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Takaku Y, Takano M, Yamashita S, Fukuda K. Transversal Width of Mandibular Bone and Neurosensory Disturbance after Bilateral Sagittal Splitting Ramus Osteotomy. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-9. [PMID: 31988915 PMCID: PMC6945893 DOI: 10.1159/000480289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the condition of mandibular cancellous and cortical bone on computed tomography (CT) images in order to investigate its relationship with the incidence of neurosensory disturbances (NSD) in the mental nerve region after bilateral sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy (BSSRO). Methods BSSRO was performed on 58 lateral mandibles in 29 patients. From preoperative CT images, the width endpoints of the transversal bone were measured in region I immediately inferior to the mandibular foramen, region II in the mandibular angle region, and region III distal to the lower second molar. The incidence of NSD immediately after surgery and the residual NSD rate at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery were investigated. The correlation between incidence of NSD in the mental nerve region and each transversal bone width endpoint immediately after and at 6 months after surgery was also comparatively evaluated. Results The overall incidence of NSD immediately after surgery was 67.2% (39/58 sides) and the overall residual NSD rate at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery was 53.4% (31/58 sides), 31.0% (18/58 sides), and 17.2% (10/58 sides), respectively. No significant differences were observed for any width endpoints of the transversal bone measured at regions I or III, but the transversal width of the entire mandible was significantly different in region II between patients with and without NSD at 6 months after surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the transversal width of the entire mandible may be an important factor in predicting NSD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Takaku
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yamashita
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Fukuda
- Division of Special Needs Dentistry and Orofacial Pain, Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamamoto T, Fujii-Abe K, Fukayama H, Kawahara H. Hypoesthesia associated with mandibular movement after sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 21:313-319. [PMID: 28584916 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-017-0633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective study investigated the relationship between the degree of neurosensory disturbance (NSD) and mandibular movement distance after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and assessed sensory recovery. METHODS Lower lip hypoesthesia was evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months after SSRO in 38 patients categorized according to the distance of mandibular movement: S group (0-7 mm; n = 17, 4 males and 13 females) and L group (7-14 mm; n = 21, 7 males, 14 females). Symptoms were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS), tactile-threshold (SW) test, static 2-point discrimination (s-2PD) test, and current perception threshold (CPT) test. RESULTS The two groups did not differ significantly in gender and age. The Aβ fiber results of the CPT test differed significantly between the groups at 1 week and 1 month postsurgery (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups throughout the period in terms of VAS, SW, s-2PD, Aδ fiber, and C fiber of CPT. CONCLUSIONS Post-SSRO, the incidence of NSD in terms of tactile sensation may be greater in the L group early postoperatively. This may assist surgeons in explaining postoperative hypoesthesia to patients preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yamamoto
- Section of Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-4, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Keiko Fujii-Abe
- Section of Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-4, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukayama
- Section of Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-4, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawahara
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 230-0062, Japan
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Nishimaki F, Kurita H, Tozawa S, Teramoto Y, Nishizawa R, Yamada SI. Subjective and qualitative assessment of neural disturbance after inferior alveolar nerve transposition for dental implant placement. Int J Implant Dent 2016; 2:14. [PMID: 27747706 PMCID: PMC5005664 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-016-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this retrospective study was to accumulate data regarding the quality of postoperative neurosensory function after inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) transposition for dental implant placement. METHODS The study included seven consecutive patients who underwent IAN transposition surgery for the insertion of a dental implant into the atrophic posterior mandible. Of these, six patients (seven sides) were available for long-term assessment of postoperative IAN function. Neurosensory disturbance of the IAN was assessed objectively using the modified SW perception test reported by Semmes and Weinstein. In addition, the quality of nerve paralysis was assessed according to the criteria reported by Highet. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 49 months (range 12-105 months). No implant loss was observed during the follow-up. All patients experienced numbness immediately and the days after surgery. Complete recovery of neural function was observed on two sides; weak hypoesthesia was observed on two sides, moderate hypoesthesia on two sides, and severe hypoesthesia on one side. However, only one patient expressed concern about IAN function. CONCLUSIONS IAN transposition is a useful method for placing implants in the atrophic posterior mandible. However, the procedure is complicated, with the possibility of some degree of neurosensory disturbance, although in most of our cases, it resolved within a clinically acceptable period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Nishimaki
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-3-1, Asahi, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano, 390-0804, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kurita
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-3-1, Asahi, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano, 390-0804, Japan
| | - Shinya Tozawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-3-1, Asahi, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano, 390-0804, Japan
| | - Yuji Teramoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-3-1, Asahi, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano, 390-0804, Japan
| | - Rishiho Nishizawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-3-1, Asahi, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano, 390-0804, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-3-1, Asahi, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano, 390-0804, Japan
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Abstract
Injuries to branches of the trigeminal nerves are a known complication during dental implant placement. These injuries tend to be more severe than those experienced during other dentoalveolar procedures. This article reviews the types of nerve injuries and areas and situations of which clinicians should be cognizant when placing dental implants. Strategies to avoid injuries, and a management algorithm for suspected nerve injuries, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Steinberg
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Private Practice, Northbrook, 1240 Meadow Rd, IL 60062, USA
| | - Patrick D Kelly
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maguire Building #105, Room 1814, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Gasperini G, de Siqueira ICR, Costa LR. Lower-level laser therapy improves neurosensory disorders resulting from bilateral mandibular sagittal split osteotomy: a randomized crossover clinical trial. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 42:e130-3. [PMID: 24011464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is a technique commonly used to correct mandibular disproportion but many patients experience hypoaesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of using a low-level laser therapy protocol after BSSO. The 10 patients in our study, who underwent BSSO with Le Fort I osteotomy and had low-level laser therapy on one side of the jaw, were evaluated over a period of 60 days. The data for the treated and non-treated sides were compared post-operatively. At 15, 30 and 60 days after surgery, when sensitivity was recovered on both sides. On the treated side, recovery was faster and was almost complete at the time of the last evaluation. We suggest that this lower-level laser therapy protocol can improve tissue response and accelerate the recovery of neurosensory disorders following BSSO. (NCT01530100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gasperini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Dr. Giovanni Gasperini, Ms), UFG Hospital, Primeira Avenida, s/n - Setor Universitário, 74605-020 Goiania, Goias, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Cristina Rodrigues de Siqueira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Dr. Giovanni Gasperini, Ms), UFG Hospital, Primeira Avenida, s/n - Setor Universitário, 74605-020 Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Luciane Rezende Costa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Dr. Giovanni Gasperini, Ms), UFG Hospital, Primeira Avenida, s/n - Setor Universitário, 74605-020 Goiania, Goias, Brazil
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