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Wank I, Mittmann C, Kreitz S, Chestnykh D, Mühle C, Kornhuber J, Ludwig A, Kalinichenko LS, Müller CP, Hess A. Neutral sphingomyelinase controls acute and chronic alcohol effects on brain activity. Neuropharmacology 2024; 253:109948. [PMID: 38636728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a widespread phenomenon throughout the world. However, how recreational alcohol use evolves into alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains poorly understood. The Smpd3 gene and its coded protein neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM) are associated with alcohol consumption in humans and alcohol-related behaviors in mice, suggesting a potential role in this transition. Using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, we characterized the role of NSM in acute and chronic effects of alcohol on brain anatomy and function in female mice. Chronic voluntary alcohol consumption (16 vol% for at least 6 days) affected brain anatomy in WT mice, reducing regional structure volume predominantly in cortical regions. Attenuated NSM activity prevented these anatomical changes. Functional MRI linked these anatomical adaptations to functional changes: Chronic alcohol consumption in mice significantly modulated resting state functional connectivity (RS FC) in response to an acute ethanol challenge (i.p. bolus of 2 g kg-1) in heterozygous NSM knockout (Fro), but not in WT mice. Acute ethanol administration in alcohol-naïve WT mice significantly decreased RS FC in cortical and brainstem regions, a key finding that was amplified in Fro mice. Regarding direct pharmacological effects, acute ethanol administration increased the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in many brain areas. Here, chronic alcohol consumption otherwise attenuated the acute rCBV response in WT mice but enhanced it in Fro mice. Altogether, these findings suggest a differential role for NSM in acute and chronic functional brain responses to alcohol. Therefore, targeting NSM may be useful in the prevention or treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wank
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claire Mittmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Kreitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daria Chestnykh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; FAU NeW - Research Center for New Bioactive Compounds, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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Risner ML, Ribeiro M, McGrady NR, Kagitapalli BS, Chamling X, Zack DJ, Calkins DJ. Neutral sphingomyelinase inhibition promotes local and network degeneration in vitro and in vivo. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:305. [PMID: 37904133 PMCID: PMC10614343 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-to-cell communication is vital for tissues to respond, adapt, and thrive in the prevailing milieu. Several mechanisms mediate intercellular signaling, including tunneling nanotubes, gap junctions, and extracellular vesicles (EV). Depending on local and systemic conditions, EVs may contain cargoes that promote survival, neuroprotection, or pathology. Our understanding of pathologic intercellular signaling has been bolstered by disease models using neurons derived from human pluripotent stems cells (hPSC). METHODS Here, we used hPSC-derived retinal ganglion cells (hRGC) and the mouse visual system to investigate the influence of modulating EV generation on intercellular trafficking and cell survival. We probed the impact of EV modulation on cell survival by decreasing the catabolism of sphingomyelin into ceramide through inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase), using GW4869. We assayed for cell survival in vitro by probing for annexin A5, phosphatidylserine, viable mitochondria, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In vivo, we performed intraocular injections of GW4869 and measured RGC and superior colliculus neuron density and RGC anterograde axon transport. RESULTS Following twenty-four hours of dosing hRGCs with GW4869, we found that inhibition of nSMase decreased ceramide and enhanced GM1 ganglioside accumulation. This inhibition also reduced the density of small EVs, increased the density of large EVs, and enriched the pro-apoptotic protein, annexin A5. Reducing nSMase activity increased hRGC apoptosis initiation due to enhanced density and uptake of apoptotic particles, as identified by the annexin A5 binding phospholipid, phosphatidylserine. We assayed intercellular trafficking of mitochondria by developing a coculture system of GW4869-treated and naïve hRGCs. In treated cells, inhibition of nSMase reduced the number of viable mitochondria, while driving mitochondrial reactive oxygen species not only in treated, but also in naive hRGCs added in coculture. In mice, 20 days following a single intravitreal injection of GW4869, we found a significant loss of RGCs and their axonal recipient neurons in the superior colliculus. This followed a more dramatic reduction in anterograde RGC axon transport to the colliculus. CONCLUSION Overall, our data suggest that perturbing the physiologic catabolism of sphingomyelin by inhibiting nSMase reorganizes plasma membrane associated sphingolipids, alters the profile of neuron-generated EVs, and promotes neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo by shifting the balance of pro-survival versus -degenerative EVs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Risner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA7103 MCN/VUIIS, 1161 21st Ave S., Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 369 Dodge Hall, 118 Library Dr., Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Marcio Ribeiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA7103 MCN/VUIIS, 1161 21st Ave S., Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nolan R McGrady
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA7103 MCN/VUIIS, 1161 21st Ave S., Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bhanu S Kagitapalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA7103 MCN/VUIIS, 1161 21st Ave S., Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Xitiz Chamling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - David J Calkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA7103 MCN/VUIIS, 1161 21st Ave S., Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Fan J, Liu J, Liu J, Angel PM, Drake RR, Wu Y, Fan H, Koutalos Y, Crosson CE. Sphingomyelinases in retinas and optic nerve heads: Effects of ocular hypertension and ischemia. Exp Eye Res 2022; 224:109250. [PMID: 36122624 PMCID: PMC10694736 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinases (SMase), enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide, are important sensors for inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic signaling. Studies have provided evidence that increased SMase activity can contribute to retinal injury. In most tissues, two major SMases are responsible for stress-induced increases in ceramide: acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) and Mg2+-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase). The purposes of the current study were to determine the localization of SMases and their substrates in the retina and optic nerve head and to investigate the effects of ocular hypertension and ischemia on ASMase and NSMase activities. Tissue and cellular localization of ASMase and NSMase were determined by immunofluorescence imaging. Tissue localization of sphingomyelin in retinas was further determined by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Tissue levels of sphingomyelins and ceramide were determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Sphingomyelinase activities under basal conditions and following acute ischemic and ocular hypotensive stress were measured using the Amplex Red Sphingomyelinase Assay Kit. Our data show that ASMase is in the optic nerve head and the retinal ganglion cell layer. NSMase is in the optic nerve head, photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cell layers. Both ASMase and NSMase were identified in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve head astrocytes. The retina and optic nerve head each exhibited unique distribution of sphingomyelins with the abundance of very long chain species being higher in the optic nerve head than in the retina. Basal activities for ASMase in retinas and optic nerve heads were 54.98 ± 2.5 and 95.6 ± 19.5 mU/mg protein, respectively. Ocular ischemia significantly increased ASMase activity to 86.2 ± 15.3 mU/mg protein in retinas (P = 0.03) but not in optic nerve heads (81.1 ± 15.3 mU/mg protein). Ocular hypertension significantly increased ASMase activity to 121.6 ± 7.3 mU/mg protein in retinas (P < 0.001) and 267.0 ± 66.3 mU/mg protein in optic nerve heads (P = 0.03). Basal activities for NSMase in retinas and optic nerve heads were 12.3 ± 2.1 and 37.9 ± 8.7 mU/mg protein, respectively. No significant change in NSMase activity was measured following ocular ischemia or hypertension. Our results provide evidence that both ASMase and NSMase are expressed in retinas and optic nerve heads; however, basal ASMase activity is significantly higher than NSMase activity in retinas and optic nerve heads. In addition, only ASMase activity was significantly increased in ocular ischemia or hypertension. These data support a role for ASMase-mediated sphingolipid metabolism in the development of retinal ischemic and hypertensive injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Ophthalmology, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Jian Liu
- Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Ophthalmology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jiali Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, 274 Middle Zhijiang Road, Jingan District, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Peggi M Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and MUSC Proteomics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and MUSC Proteomics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yiannis Koutalos
- Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Ophthalmology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Craig E Crosson
- Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Ophthalmology, Charleston, SC, USA
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4
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Albi E, Cataldi S, Codini M, Mariucci G, Lazzarini A, Ceccarini MR, Ferri I, Laurenti ME, Arcuri C, Patria F, Beccari T, Conte C. Neutral sphingomyelinase increases and delocalizes in the absence of Toll-Like Receptor 4: A new insight for MPTP neurotoxicity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 142:46-52. [PMID: 30928412 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both sphingomyelinase and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between the two molecules remains unclear. In this study, using WT and TLR4-deficient mice, treated or not with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), we aimed to investigate the relation between TLR4 and neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) in the midbrain. We found that the lack of TLR4 caused increase in nSMase protein expression and enzyme activity in the midbrain, as well as a marked delocalization from the cell membranes. This provoked a decrease in sphingomyelin (SM) species and an increase in ceramide levels. We found that exposure of TLR4-deficient mice to MPTP reduces unsaturated SM species by increasing saturated/unsaturated SM ratio. Saturated fatty acid make SM more rigid and could contribute to reducing neural plasticity. In this study we showed that the absence of TLR4 also induced reduction of both heavy neurofilaments and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and mice exhibited higher sensitivity to MPTP administration. We speculated about the possible association between nSMase-TLR4 complex and MPTP midbrain damage. Taken together, our findings provide for the first time indications about the role of TLR4 in change of SM metabolism in MPTP neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lazzarini
- Research Centre of Biochemical Specialist Analyses, CRABiON, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ivana Ferri
- Institute of Pathologic Anatomy and Histology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Patria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy.
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5
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Urquieta-Ramírez L, Ramírez-Montiel F, Andrade-Guillén S, Páramo-Pérez I, Rangel-Serrano Á, Reyes-Cortes R, Franco B, Mendoza-Macías CL, Anaya-Velázquez F, Padilla-Vaca F. Contribution of neutral sphingomyelinases to in vitro virulence of Entamoeba histolytica. Exp Parasitol 2018; 194:38-44. [PMID: 30253133 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amoebiasis is a worldwide health problem caused by the pathogen Entamoeba histolytica. Several virulence factors have been implicated in host invasion, immune evasion, and tissue damage. There are still new factors that remain to be elucidated and characterized. In this work, we obtained amoebic transfectants overexpressing three of the neutral sphingomyelinase enzymes encoded in the E. histolytica genome. The EhnSM3 overexpression induced an increase in hemolytic and cytotoxic activities, besides an increase in gene expression of amoebapore A, B, and C. Meanwhile the EhnSM1 and EhnSM2 overexpression caused an increase in cytopathic activity. In all the neutral sphingomyelinases overexpressing strains, the gene expression levels for cysteine proteinase 5, adhesin 112 and, heavy and light Gal/GalNAc lectin subunits were not affected. We propose that the increase of cytotoxic and lytic effect of EhnSM3 overexpressed strain can be related to the sum of the effect of EhnSM3 plus amoebapores, in a process cell contact-dependent or as mediator by inducing the gene expression of amoebapores enabling a link between EhnSM3 with the virulence phenotype in E. histolytica. Our results suggest a differential role for neutral sphingomyelinases in E. histolytica virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Urquieta-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología y Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Fátima Ramírez-Montiel
- Departamento de Biología y Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Sairy Andrade-Guillén
- Departamento de Biología y Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Itzel Páramo-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología y Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Rangel-Serrano
- Departamento de Biología y Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Ruth Reyes-Cortes
- Departamento de Biología y Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Franco
- Departamento de Biología y Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Claudia Leticia Mendoza-Macías
- Departamento de Biología y Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Fernando Anaya-Velázquez
- Departamento de Biología y Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico.
| | - Felipe Padilla-Vaca
- Departamento de Biología y Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico.
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Abstract
For many years, neutral sphingomyelinases (N-SMases) were long thought to be anticancer enzymes owing to their roles as key producers of ceramide linked to apoptosis, growth arrest, and the chemotherapeutic response. However, in recent years, with the cloning of multiple isoforms and with new information on their cellular roles, particularly for nSMase2, a more complex picture is emerging suggesting that N-SMases have both pro- and anticancer roles. In this chapter, we will summarize current knowledge on N-SMase expression in cancer and the roles of N-SMase activity and specific isoforms in cancer-relevant biologies. We will also discuss what we see as the major challenges ahead for research into N-SMases in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Aslan M, Kıraç E, Kaya S, Özcan F, Salim O, Küpesiz OA. Decreased Serum Levels of Sphingomyelins and Ceramides in Sickle Cell Disease Patients. Lipids 2018; 53:313-322. [PMID: 29663386 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Limited data are available on the serum levels of different sphingomyelin (CerPCho) and ceramide (CER) species in sickle-cell disease (SCD). This study was aimed at identifying the levels of C16-C24 CerPCho and C16-C24 CER in serum obtained from SCD patients and controls. Circulating levels of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) activity, ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) were also determined. Blood was collected from 35 hemoglobin (Hb)A volunteers and 45 homozygous HbSS patients. Serum levels of C16-C24 CerPCho and C16-C24 CER were determined by an optimized multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method using ultrafast liquid chromatography (UFLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Serum activity of N-SMase was assayed by standard kit methods, and C1P and S1P levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A significant decrease was observed in the serum levels of C18-C24 CerPCho in patients with SCD compared to controls. No significant difference was found in C16 CerPCho levels between the two groups. Very-long-chain C22-C24 CER were significantly decreased in SCD, while long-chain C16-C20 CER levels showed no significant difference between SCD patients and controls. Significant positive correlation was found between the serum total cholesterol levels and C18-C24 CerPCho and C22-C24 CER in SCD patients. Patients with SCD had significantly elevated serum activity of N-SMase as well as increased circulating levels of C1P and S1P compared to controls. The decrease in serum levels of C18-C24 CerPCho in patients with SCD was accompanied by decreased levels of C22-C24 CER. Future studies are needed to understand the role of decreased CerPCho and CER in the pathophysiology of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical School, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Kıraç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical School, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Kaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical School, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Özcan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical School, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozan Salim
- Department of Hematology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Alphan Küpesiz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Akdeniz University Medical School, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
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Ueda A, Shima S, Murate K, Kikuchi K, Nagao R, Maeda T, Muto E, Niimi Y, Mizutani Y, Mutoh T. Anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies modulate membrane-associated sphingomyelin metabolism by altering neutral sphingomyelinase activity. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 89:42-48. [PMID: 29601870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome express autoantibodies against ganglioside GM1 (GM1), although its pathogenic significance for the development of the disease remains to be elucidated. nSMase2 is the best characterized neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) found in neuronal cells. Activation of this enzyme leads to ceramide production, which is a known second messenger of the cell-death program in neuronal cells. We have explored the effects of anti-GM1 antibodies on sphingomyelin metabolism of PC12 cells stably transfected with human trk cDNA (PCtrk cells) by determining their effects on nSMase2 activity. The data we present here strongly suggest that anti-GM1 caused a significant change in sphingomyelin content of the membrane fraction in PCtrk cells. Both nSMase2 activity and the level of nSMase2 protein were significantly decreased by anti-GM1 treatment of PCtrk cells, while acidic SMase activities remained unchanged. Our results indicate, for the first time, that anti-GM1 may produce profound impacts on lipid metabolism in neuronal cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayuri Shima
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenitiroh Murate
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kouichi Kikuchi
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Nagao
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eri Muto
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niimi
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Mizutani
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Mutoh
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
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Unal B, Ozcan F, Tuzcu H, Kırac E, Elpek GO, Aslan M. Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase decreases elevated levels of nitrative and oxidative stress markers in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Redox Rep 2017; 22:147-159. [PMID: 27077455 PMCID: PMC6837382 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1162431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and excessive nitric oxide production via induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2 have been shown in the pathogenesis of liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase)/ceramide pathway can regulate NOS2 expression therefore this study determined the role of selective N-SMase inhibition on nitrative and oxidative stress markers following liver IR injury. Selective N-SMase inhibitor was administered via intraperitoneal injections. Liver IR injury was created by clamping blood vessels supplying the median and left lateral hepatic lobes for 60 min, followed by 60 min reperfusion. Nitrative and oxidative stress markers were determined by evaluating NOS2 expression, protein nitration, nitrite/nitrate levels, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) formation, protein carbonyl levels and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase (XO/XDH) activity. Levels of sphingmyelin and ceramide in liver tissue were determined by an optimized multiple reaction monitoring method using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Spingomyelin levels were significantly increased in all IR groups compared to controls. Treatment with a specific N-SMase inhibitor significantly decreased all measured ceramides in IR injury. NOS2 expression, nitrite/nitrate levels and protein nitration were significantly greater in IR injury and decreased with N-SMase inhibition. Treatment with a selective N-SMase inhibitor significantly decreased HNE formation, protein carbonyl levels and the hepatic conversion of XO. Data confirm the role of nitrative and oxidative injury in IR and highlight the protective effect of selective N-SMase inhibition. Future studies evaluating agents blocking N-SMase activity can facilitate the development of treatment strategies to alleviate oxidative injury in liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Unal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Filiz Ozcan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Hazal Tuzcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Ebru Kırac
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Gulsum O. Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
- Correspondence to: Mutay Aslan, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
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Takagishi T, Oda M, Takehara M, Kobayashi K, Nagahama M. Oligomer formation of Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin is induced by activation of neutral sphingomyelinase. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1858:2681-2688. [PMID: 27453200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin is responsible for fatal enterotoxemia in ungulates. The toxin forms a heptamer in the lipid rafts of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, leading to cell death. Here, we showed that epsilon-toxin requires neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) activity during oligomerization. METHODS We tested the role of nSMase in the oligomerization of epsilon-toxin using specific inhibitors, knockdown of nSMase, formation of ceramide, and localization of epsilon-toxin and ceramide by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Epsilon-toxin induced the production of ceramide is a dose- and time-dependent manner in ACHN cells. GW4869, an inhibitor of nSMase, inhibited ceramide production induced by the toxin. GW4869 and knockdown of nSMase blocked toxin-induced cell death and oligomer formation of epsilon-toxin. Confocal microscopy images showed that the toxin induced ceramide clustering and colocalized with ceramide. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that oligomer formation of epsilon-toxin is facilitated by the production of ceramide through activation of nSMase caused by the toxin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Inhibitors of nSMase may confer protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Takagishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho 180, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Masataka Oda
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masaya Takehara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho 180, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Keiko Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho 180, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagahama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho 180, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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El Ridi R, Tallima H, Migliardo F. Biochemical and biophysical methodologies open the road for effective schistosomiasis therapy and vaccination. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3613-3620. [PMID: 27062905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis caused by blood-dwelling flukes, namely Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium is a severe debilitating disease, widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and South America. Developing and adult worms are unscathed by the surrounding immune effectors and antibodies because the parasite is protected by a double lipid bilayer armor which allows access of nutrients, while binding of specific antibodies is denied. SCOPE OF REVIEW Fluorescence recovery after bleaching, extraction of surface membrane cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, inhibition and activation of sphingomyelin biosynthesis and hydrolysis, and elastic incoherent and quasi-elastic neutron scattering approaches have helped to clarify the basic mechanism of this immune evasion, and showed that sphingomyelin (SM) molecules in the worm apical lipid bilayer form with surrounding water molecules a tight hydrogen bond barrier. Viability of the parasite and permeability of the outer shield are controlled by equilibrium between SM biosynthesis and activity of a tegument-associated neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase). MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Excessive nSMase activation by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as arachidonic acid (ARA) leads to disruption of the SM molecules and associated hydrogen bond network, with subsequent access of host antibodies and immune effectors to the outer membrane and eventual parasite death. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE ARA was predicted and shown to be a potent schistosomicide in vitro and in vivo in experimental animals and in children. Additionally, it was advocated that schistosomiasis vaccine candidates should be selected uniquely among excretory-secretory products of developing worms, as contrary to cytosolic and surface membrane antigens, they are able to activate the effector functions of the host antibodies and toxic molecules. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Science for Life" Guest Editor: Dr. Austen Angell, Dr. Salvatore Magazù and Dr. Federica Migliardo".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.
| | - Hatem Tallima
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Federica Migliardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Bienias K, Fiedorowicz A, Sadowska A, Prokopiuk S, Car H. Regulation of sphingomyelin metabolism. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:570-81. [PMID: 26940196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SFs) represent a large class of lipids playing diverse functions in a vast number of physiological and pathological processes. Sphingomyelin (SM) is the most abundant SF in the cell, with ubiquitous distribution within mammalian tissues, and particularly high levels in the Central Nervous System (CNS). SM is an essential element of plasma membrane (PM) and its levels are crucial for the cell function. SM content in a cell is strictly regulated by the enzymes of SM metabolic pathways, which activities create a balance between SM synthesis and degradation. The de novo synthesis via SM synthases (SMSs) in the last step of the multi-stage process is the most important pathway of SM formation in a cell. The SM hydrolysis by sphingomyelinases (SMases) increases the concentration of ceramide (Cer), a bioactive molecule, which is involved in cellular proliferation, growth and apoptosis. By controlling the levels of SM and Cer, SMSs and SMases maintain cellular homeostasis. Enzymes of SM cycle exhibit unique properties and diverse tissue distribution. Disturbances in their activities were observed in many CNS pathologies. This review characterizes the physiological roles of SM and enzymes controlling SM levels as well as their involvement in selected pathologies of the Central Nervous System, such as ischemia/hypoxia, Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), depression, schizophrenia and Niemann Pick disease (NPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Bienias
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland; Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Prokopiuk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
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Dinkins MB, Dasgupta S, Wang G, Zhu G, Bieberich E. Exosome reduction in vivo is associated with lower amyloid plaque load in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1792-800. [PMID: 24650793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We present evidence here that exosomes stimulate aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 in vitro and in vivo and interfere with uptake of Aβ by primary cultured astrocytes and microglia in vitro. Exosome secretion is prevented by the inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), a key regulatory enzyme generating ceramide from sphingomyelin, with GW4869. Using the 5XFAD mouse, we show that intraperitoneal injection of GW4869 reduces the levels of brain and serum exosomes, brain ceramide, and Aβ1-42 plaque load. Reduction of total Aβ1-42 as well as number of plaques in brain sections was significantly greater (40% reduction) in male than female mice. Our results suggest that GW4869 reduces amyloid plaque formation in vivo by preventing exosome secretion and identifies nSMase2 as a potential drug target in AD by interfering with exosome secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Dinkins
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Somsankar Dasgupta
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Guanghu Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gu Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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