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Xiang Y, Zhang X, Tian Z, Cheng Y, Liu N, Meng X. Molecular mechanisms of 1,2-dichloroethane-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:565-574. [PMID: 37779589 PMCID: PMC10541367 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of industrial solvents and adhesives often utilizes 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE), a highly toxic halogenated hydrocarbon compound. Occupational 1,2-DCE poisoning occurs frequently and is a public health concern. Exposure to 1,2-DCE can damage the brain, liver, and kidneys. The main and most severe damage caused by exposure to 1,2-DCE is to the nervous system, especially the central nervous system. Current research on 1,2-DCE mainly focuses on the mechanism of brain edema. Several possible mechanisms of 1,2-DCE neurotoxicity have been proposed, including oxidative stress, calcium overload, blood-brain barrier damage, and neurotransmitter changes. This article reviews the research progress on 1,2-DCE neurotoxicity and the mechanism behind it to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of 1,2-DCE poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhoudadaobei, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoshun Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhoudadaobei, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zhiling Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningguo Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhoudadaobei, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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Song LL, Zheng YJ, Jian XD. [Clinical characteristics of acute occupational poisoning caused by carbon dioxide leakage from a cargo ship]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2023; 41:301-303. [PMID: 37248186 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20220418-00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is a simple asphyxial gas, with low concentrations having an excitatory effect on the respiratory center, while high concentrations have an inhibitory effect on the respiratory center. Simple carbon dioxide poisoning is rarely seen clinically. This article reviews and analyzes the treatment process of 9 cases of acute inhalation carbon dioxide poisoning in a cargo ship carbon dioxide leakage accident in May 2019, summarizes clinical treatment experience, and provides timely and effective treatment for acute pulmonary edema caused by acute inhalation carbon dioxide poisoning. In particular, the application of hormones has a good prognosis, improving clinicians' understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Song
- Department of Emergency, Weihai Municipal Hospital of Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Y J Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Weihai Municipal Hospital of Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - X D Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Xu LY, Hu XC, Tan RX, Yu WS. [Occupational hazard analysis of workers exposed to chromate in a steel plant]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2022; 40:450-453. [PMID: 35785902 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210224-00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the occupational damage to workers exposed to chromate in a steel plant. Methods: In January 2021, a retrospective analysis was used to select 850 workers exposed to chromate (observation group) and 598 workers not exposed to chromate (control group) in a steel plant in Shandong Province from 2016 to 2017 as the investigation. We collected their occupational-related information, blood routine, fasting blood sugar, nasal lesions, skin lesions, chest X-rays and other inspection results, compared the differences in the abnormal detection rate of the two groups of respondents, and analyzed the occupational hazards of chromium workers. Results: Incidence of nasal damage, skin lesion, up-regulation of ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), abnormal chest radiograph, abnormal serum biochemical index, and abnormal serum glucose level were observed higher in the exposed group than those in the control group (χ(2)=125.69, 12.25, 5.82, 10.37, 10.46, 20.66, P=0.000, 0.000, 0.016, 0.001, 0.001, 0.000). Among the symptoms, the incidence of erythra, nasal septum deviation, nasal mucosal congestion, nasal mucosal erosion and rhinitis were more frequent than those in the control group (χ(2)=101.54, 4.07, 13.20, 32.05, P=0.000, 0.044, 0.000, 0.000). There was no significant increase in the incidence of work type, age, length of work and the area of nasal mucosa erosion in the observation group compared with the control table, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ(2)=5.31、0.42、0.28, P=0.505, 0.662, 0.871) . Conclusion: Occupational hazards of long-term exposure to chromate cannot be ignored. Attention should be paid to strengthening occupational protection and health education of workers exposed to chromium, and increasing their attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Xu
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Health Management Center, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - X C Hu
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Health Management Center, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - R X Tan
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Health Management Center, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - W S Yu
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Health Management Center, Qingdao 266042, China
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Laubner G, Stražnickaitė I. Case series of chronic occupational lead exposure in shooting ranges. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 69:126886. [PMID: 34749034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite existing occupational lead exposure prevention regulations, Lithuanian shooting range workers still complain of chronic lead poisoning related symptoms. This indicates a poor understanding of occupational safety when working in lead-polluted environments. CASE PRESENTATION 20 men, whose age ranged from 32 to 57 (mean 41.8 ± 10 years), were consulted at the Toxicology Centre at the Republican Vilnius university hospital in Vilnius, Lithuania in the 2016-2019 year period. All of the patients were working as shooting instructors, with their work experience varying from 2 to 30 years. Clinical examination showed blood lead levels ranging from 5.64 μg/dL to 45.8 μg/dL (norm for occupational exposure - <40 μg/dL). Main symptoms were fatigue (12 patients out of 20), dizziness (5/20), arthralgia (5/20). Other symptoms included impaired memory (3/20), nausea (3/20), sleep disorders (3/20), metallic or sweet taste (3/20), dermatological disorders (3/20), coxarthrosis (2/20), balance disorders (2/20), paresthesia (2/20), abdominal pain (2/20) and others. 4 patients were asymptomatic. DISCUSSION Shooting range employees are highly vulnerable to daily lead exposure. Even low constant elevated blood lead concentrations can have significant toxic effects over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabija Laubner
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuania; Republican Vilnius University Hospital, Toxicology Centre, Lithuania.
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Li TX, Cai TT, Mu PP. [Clinical analysis of 10 cases of acute occupational poisoning caused by acetonitrile]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 38:759-760. [PMID: 33142381 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20190723-00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the first aid diagnosis and treatment of acute inhalation acetonitrile poisoning and to improve the ability of clinicians to diagnose and treat the disease. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the diagnosis and treatment of 10 cases of acute occupational poisoning caused by acetonitrile gas, and clinical experience was summarized. Results: All the poisoned patients were cured and discharged after rescue and cooperation from various specialties. Conclusion: Acetonitrile poisoning treatment early to take the right first aid measures is the key, while safety education, training and enterprise supervision can not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- T X Li
- People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjian 529500, China
| | - T T Cai
- People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjian 529500, China
| | - P P Mu
- People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjian 529500, China
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Aventaggiato L, Colucci AP, Strisciullo G, Favalli F, Gagliano-Candela R. Lethal Hydrogen Sulfide poisoning in open space: An atypical case of asphyxiation of two workers. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 308:110122. [PMID: 31978694 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is one of the most dangerous toxic gases that has led to the deaths in confined spaces of many workers. We report an atypical case of a fatal accident of H2S poisoning in an open space when two workers died during the opening of a hatch on a tanker truck filled with leachate water. Despite being outdoors, the two workers, were suddenly and quickly overwhelmed by a lethal cloud of H2S, which escaped like a geyser from the hatch and hovered over the top of the tanker making it impossible for them to survive. The first operator was engulfed by the sudden flow of lethal gas near the hatch while the second worker, who came to his aid, immediately lost consciousness and fell off the tanker onto the ground. Environmental toxicological analyses were carried out on the air near the hatch and inside the tanker 2h, 20 days and 70 days after the accident. Toxicological analyses on the blood were also carried out but unfortunately, no urine sample was available. The thiosulfate, detected by GC/MS analysis after derivatization of PFBBr, was found to be 0.01 and 0.04mM/L. These values are included in the medium-low lethal values of occupational fatalities involving H2S reported in the literature.
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Tang SH, Du WJ, Zhang H, Zhang YL, Zhang JW, Liu WW, Liu YM. [An investigation of an accident of acute mixed gas poisoning]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2019; 37:466-468. [PMID: 31256534 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An accident of mixed acute gas poisoning accident happened in a place in GuangDong in March 2018. To investigates three poisoning workers and related clinical data were summarized., we tested the field air and analyzed the accident reasons. This event due to the staff lack of occupational protection awareness and illegal operation. The working environment must be ventilated before limited space operation, and must be sure that the limited space is safe by toxic gas monitoring. In case of occupational acute gas poisoning, rescuers should help the persons who are poisoned reasonably and meanwhile their own safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Tang
- Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, The Guangzhou Twelfth Municipal People`s Hospital, Guangzhou Key Medical Disciplines and Specialities of Occupational Health Surveillance, The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - W J Du
- Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, The Guangzhou Twelfth Municipal People`s Hospital, Guangzhou Key Medical Disciplines and Specialities of Occupational Health Surveillance, The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - H Zhang
- Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, The Guangzhou Twelfth Municipal People`s Hospital, Guangzhou Key Medical Disciplines and Specialities of Occupational Health Surveillance, The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, The Guangzhou Twelfth Municipal People`s Hospital, Guangzhou Key Medical Disciplines and Specialities of Occupational Health Surveillance, The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - J W Zhang
- Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, The Guangzhou Twelfth Municipal People`s Hospital, Guangzhou Key Medical Disciplines and Specialities of Occupational Health Surveillance, The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - W W Liu
- Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, The Guangzhou Twelfth Municipal People`s Hospital, Guangzhou Key Medical Disciplines and Specialities of Occupational Health Surveillance, The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Y M Liu
- Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, The Guangzhou Twelfth Municipal People`s Hospital, Guangzhou Key Medical Disciplines and Specialities of Occupational Health Surveillance, The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangzhou, 510620, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen Univercity, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Zhang X, Wu M, Yao H, Yang Y, Cui M, Tu Z, Stallones L, Xiang H. Pesticide poisoning and neurobehavioral function among farm workers in Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. Cortex 2015; 74:396-404. [PMID: 26475098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides remain an integral part of agricultural activities worldwide. Although there have been a number of studies over the last two decades concerning the adverse effects of pesticide poisoning and chronic long term exposures on neurobehavioral function, the impact of recent pesticide poisoning and long term pesticide exposure on neurobehavioral function in Chinese farm workers has not been reported. China is the largest user of pesticides worldwide and figures suggest 53,300-123,000 Chinese people are poisoned every year. A case control study was conducted to examine the impact of recent pesticide poisoning on neurobehavioral function and the relationship between years worked in agriculture and lower performance on neurobehavioral tests. A total of 121 farm workers who self-reported recent pesticide poisonings within the previous 12 months (case group) and 80 farm workers who reported no pesticide poisoning in the previous 12 months (control group) were recruited from three areas of Jiangsu Province, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended neurobehavioral core test battery (NCTB) was used to assess neurobehavioral functioning among cases and controls. Student's t tests and two-way covariance analysis (ANCOVA) were used to test for significant differences in the neurobehavioral test results between the groups. Scores on the Profile of Mood States (POMS) in the recently poisoned group were significantly higher for anger-hostility, depression-dejection, tension-anxiety and lower for vigor-activity compared to controls (p < .05). Digit span, digit symbol, Benton visual retention and pursuit aiming scores were all significantly lower among the recently poisoned group compared to the controls (p < .05). Two-way ANCOVA indicated significantly lower performance in correct pursuit aiming and higher error pursuit aiming amongst the recently poisoned group and those who had worked for more than 30 years in agriculture (p < .05). These findings provide important preliminary epidemiological evidence regarding the association between occupational pesticide exposure and neurobehavioral functioning in Chinese farm workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Zhang
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ming Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongyan Yao
- Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- Yixing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengjing Cui
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhibin Tu
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lorann Stallones
- Colorado Injury Control Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Huiyun Xiang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy and Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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