1
|
Zeng J, Zheng Y, Dong S, Ding T, Zhang S, Li K, Liu H, Fang Q, Yuan S, Wei Y, Li J, Liu T. Andrographolide inhibits Burkitt's lymphoma by binding JUN and CASP3 proteins. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 93:381-391. [PMID: 38148335 PMCID: PMC10950985 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkitt's lymphoma, one of the most common subtypes of pediatric malignant lymphoma, is notorious for its swift onset, aggressive proliferation, pronounced invasiveness, and marked malignancy. The therapeutic landscape for Burkitt's lymphoma currently falls short of providing universally effective and tolerable solutions. Andrographolide, a primary active component of Andrographis paniculata, is renowned for its properties of heat-clearing, detoxification, inflammation reduction, and pain relief. It is predominantly used in treating bacterial and viral infections of the upper respiratory tract, as well as dysentery. Various reports highlight the antitumor effects of andrographolide. Yet, its specific impact and the underlying mechanism of action on Burkitt's lymphoma remain an uncharted area of research. METHOD We employed network pharmacology to pinpoint the targets of andrographolide's action on Burkitt's lymphoma and the associated pathways. We then evaluated the impact of andrographolide on Burkitt's lymphoma using both in vitro and in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Concurrently, we confirmed the molecular targets of andrographolide in Burkitt's lymphoma through immunofluorescence assays. RESULT Utilizing network pharmacology, we identified 15 relevant targets, 60 interrelationships between these targets, and numerous associated signaling pathways for andrographolide's action on Burkitt's lymphoma. In vitro efficacy tests using High-throughput Drug Sensitivity Testing and in vivo PDX model evaluations revealed that andrographolide effectively curtailed the growth of Burkitt's lymphoma. Moreover, we observed a increased in the expression of JUN (c-Jun) and CASP3 (Caspase 3) proteins in Burkitt's lymphoma cells treated with andrographolide. CONCLUSION Andrographolide inhibits the growth of Burkitt's lymphoma by inhibiting JUN and CASP3 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junquan Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343000, China
| | - Yongliang Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343000, China
| | - Si Dong
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343000, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343000, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affliated Children's Hospital of Medical College, Nangchang, 330000, China
| | - Kuangfan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affliated Children's Hospital of Medical College, Nangchang, 330000, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nangchang, 330000, China
| | - Quangang Fang
- Department of Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nangchang, 330000, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nangchang, 330000, China
| | - Yujing Wei
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, No. 1666, Diezihu Avenue, Nangchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, No. 1666, Diezihu Avenue, Nangchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lundy J. A Humanized Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Pancreatic Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:91-100. [PMID: 38676798 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is associated with a high mortality rate, and there are still very few effective treatment options. Patient-derived xenografts have proven to be invaluable preclinical disease models to study cancer biology and facilitate testing of novel therapeutics. However, the severely immune-deficient mice used to generate standard models lack any functional immune system, thereby limiting their utility as a tool to investigate the tumor-immune cell interface. This chapter will outline a method for establishment of "humanized" patient-derived xenografts, which are reconstituted with human immune cells to imitate the immune-rich microenvironment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Lundy
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tran TM, Ho GY, Chu S. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Ovarian Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:187-196. [PMID: 38676803 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models play a crucial role for in vivo research. They maintain the original molecular characteristics of the human tumor and provide a more accurate tumor microenvironment, which cannot be replicated by in vitro models. This chapter describes four different transplantation methods, namely, intra-bursal, intrarenal capsule, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous, to develop PDX models for ovarian cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Minh Tran
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gwo Yaw Ho
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Chu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shin SH, Ju EJ, Park J, Ko EJ, Kwon MR, Lee HW, Son GW, Park YY, Kim YJ, Song SY, Lee S, Seo BS, Song JA, Lim S, Jung D, Kim S, Lee H, Park SS, Jeong SY, Choi EK. ITC-6102RO, a novel B7-H3 antibody-drug conjugate, exhibits potent therapeutic effects against B7-H3 expressing solid tumors. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:172. [PMID: 37596639 PMCID: PMC10439577 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B7-H3 protein, encoded by the CD276 gene, is a member of the B7 family of proteins and a transmembrane glycoprotein. It is highly expressed in various solid tumors, such as lung and breast cancer, and has been associated with limited expression in normal tissues and poor clinical outcomes across different malignancies. Additionally, B7-H3 plays a crucial role in anticancer immune responses. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising therapeutic modality, utilizing antibodies targeting tumor antigens to selectively and effectively deliver potent cytotoxic agents to tumors. METHODS In this study, we demonstrate the potential of a novel B7-H3-targeting ADC, ITC-6102RO, for B7-H3-targeted therapy. ITC-6102RO was developed and conjugated with dHBD, a soluble derivative of pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD), using Ortho Hydroxy-Protected Aryl Sulfate (OHPAS) linkers with high biostability. We assessed the cytotoxicity and internalization of ITC-6102RO in B7-H3 overexpressing cell lines in vitro and evaluated its anticancer efficacy and mode of action in B7-H3 overexpressing cell-derived and patient-derived xenograft models in vivo. RESULTS ITC-6102RO inhibited cell viability in B7-H3-positive lung and breast cancer cell lines, inducing cell cycle arrest in the S phase, DNA damage, and apoptosis in vitro. The binding activity and selectivity of ITC-6102RO with B7-H3 were comparable to those of the unconjugated anti-B7-H3 antibody. Furthermore, ITC-6102RO proved effective in B7-H3-positive JIMT-1 subcutaneously xenografted mice and exhibited a potent antitumor effect on B7-H3-positive lung cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The mode of action, including S phase arrest and DNA damage induced by dHBD, was confirmed in JIMT-1 tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical data indicate that ITC-6102RO is a promising therapeutic agent for B7-H3-targeted therapy. Moreover, we anticipate that OHPAS linkers will serve as a valuable platform for developing novel ADCs targeting a wide range of targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hwa Shin
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Ju
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Park
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ri Kwon
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Won Son
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Yeol Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkwang Lee
- IntoCell Inc, 101, Sinildong-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34324, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Seo
- IntoCell Inc, 101, Sinildong-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Song
- IntoCell Inc, 101, Sinildong-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34324, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbin Lim
- IntoCell Inc, 101, Sinildong-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34324, Republic of Korea
| | - Doohwan Jung
- IntoCell Inc, 101, Sinildong-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34324, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- IntoCell Inc, 101, Sinildong-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34324, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangsook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Soon Park
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Wang J, Wang Z, Xu Y. Towards an optimal model for gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis: current challenges and future directions. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104601. [PMID: 37182268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is a challenging aspect of clinical practice for gastric cancer. Animal models are crucial in understanding molecular mechanisms, assessing drug efficacy, and conducting clinical intervention studies, including those related to gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis. Unlike other xenograft models, peritoneal metastasis models should not only present tumor growth at the transplant site, but also recapitulate tumor cell metastasis in the abdominal cavity. Developing a reliable model of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis involves several technical aspects, such as the selection of model animals, source of xenograft tumors, technology of transplantation, and dynamic monitoring of the tumor progression. To date, challenges remain in developing a reliable model that can completely recapitulate peritoneal metastasis. Thus, this review aims to summarize the techniques and strategies used to establish animal models of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis, providing a reference for future model establishment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of E.N.T., Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110003, PR China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pascual-Pasto G, Resa-Pares C, Castillo-Ecija H, Aschero R, Baulenas-Farres M, Vila-Ubach M, Burgueño V, Balaguer-Lluna L, Cuadrado-Vilanova M, Olaciregui NG, Martinez-Velasco N, Perez-Jaume S, de Alava E, Tirado OM, Lavarino C, Mora J, Carcaboso AM. Low Bcl-2 is a robust biomarker of sensitivity to nab-paclitaxel in Ewing sarcoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115408. [PMID: 36603685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) shows potent preclinical anticancer activity in pediatric solid tumors such as Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma, but responses in clinical trials have been modest. In this work, we aimed to discover a rational biomarker-based approach to select the right candidate patients for this treatment. We assessed the efficacy of nab-paclitaxel in 27 patient-derived xenografts (PDX), including 14 Ewing sarcomas, five rhabdomyosarcomas and several other pediatric solid tumors. Response rate (partial or complete response) was remarkable in rhabdomyosarcomas (four of five) and Ewing sarcomas (four of 14). We addressed several predictive factors of response to nab-paclitaxel such as the expression of the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), chromosomal stability of cancer cells and expression of antiapoptotic members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-W and Mcl-1. Protein (immunoblotting) and gene expression of SPARC correlated positively, while immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry expression of Bcl-2 correlated negatively with the efficacy of nab-paclitaxel in Ewing sarcoma PDX. The negative correlation of Bcl-2 immunoblotting signal and activity was especially robust (r = 0.8352; P = 0.0007; Pearson correlation). Consequently, we evaluated pharmacological strategies to inhibit Bcl-2 during nab-paclitaxel treatment. We observed that the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax improved the activity of nab-paclitaxel in highly resistant Bcl-2-expressing Ewing sarcoma PDX. Overall, our results suggest that low Bcl-2 expression could be used to select patients with Ewing sarcoma sensitive to nab-paclitaxel, and Bcl-2 inhibitors could improve the activity of this drug in Bcl-2-expressing Ewing sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Resa-Pares
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Castillo-Ecija
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Aschero
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merce Baulenas-Farres
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Vila-Ubach
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Burgueño
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Balaguer-Lluna
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cuadrado-Vilanova
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nagore G Olaciregui
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Martinez-Velasco
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Perez-Jaume
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital /CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, 41013 Seville, Spain; Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Oscar M Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)/CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar A, Cai S, Allam M, Henderson S, Ozbeyler M, Saiontz L, Coskun AF. Single-Cell and Spatial Analysis of Emergent Organoid Platforms. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2660:311-344. [PMID: 37191807 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3163-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Organoids have emerged as a promising advancement of the two-dimensional (2D) culture systems to improve studies in organogenesis, drug discovery, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine applications. Organoids can self-organize as three-dimensional (3D) tissues derived from stem cells and patient tissues to resemble organs. This chapter presents growth strategies, molecular screening methods, and emerging issues of the organoid platforms. Single-cell and spatial analysis resolve organoid heterogeneity to obtain information about the structural and molecular cellular states. Culture media diversity and varying lab-to-lab practices have resulted in organoid-to-organoid variability in morphology and cell compositions. An essential resource is an organoid atlas that can catalog protocols and standardize data analysis for different organoid types. Molecular profiling of individual cells in organoids and data organization of the organoid landscape will impact biomedical applications from basic science to translational use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuangyi Cai
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mayar Allam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel Henderson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Ozbeyler
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lilly Saiontz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmet F Coskun
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, , Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lundy J, Croagh D. Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Biopsies to Generate Preclinical Disease Models to Study Inflammation in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2691:43-54. [PMID: 37355536 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3331-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are valuable models to study cancer biology, behavior, and response to therapies in vivo. Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive and treatment-resistant disease, and typical biopsies are often of low cellular yield and therefore present challenges for the creation of PDXs. This chapter will describe a method to establish PDX models from tissue biopsies obtained via endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration, a relatively noninvasive technique which compared to surgery is available to pancreatic cancer patients at all stages of disease. Furthermore, we also describe methods to incorporate "humanization" of PDXs via reconstitution with human immune cells, thus mimicking the immune cell-rich microenvironment of pancreatic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Lundy
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Daniel Croagh
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zou S, Ye M, Zhang JA, Ji H, Chen Y, Zhu X. Establishment and genetically characterization of patient-derived xenograft models of cervical cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:191. [PMID: 36076209 PMCID: PMC9461207 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were established to reproduce the clinical situation of original cancers and have increasingly been applied to preclinical cancer research. Our study was designed to establish and genetically characterize cervical cancer PDX models. Methods A total of 91 fresh fragments obtained from 22 surgically resected cervical cancer tissues were subcutaneously engrafted into female NOD-SCID mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to assess whether the established PDX models conserved the histological features of original patient cervical cancer tissues. Moreover, a Venn diagram was applied to display the overlap of all mutations detected in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from patient original cervical cancer (F0) and F2-, F3-PDX models. The whole exome sequencing (WES) and the “maftools” package were applied to determine the somatic mutations among primary cervical cancers and the established PDX models. Results Our study successfully developed a panel of cervical cancer PDX models and the latency time of cervical cancer PDX model establishment was variable with a progressive decrease as the passage number increased, with a mean time to initial growth of 94.71 days in F1 engraftment to 40.65 days in F3 engraftment. Moreover, the cervical cancer PDX models preserved the histological features of their original cervical cancer. WGS revealed that the genome of original cervical cancer was preserved with high fidelity in cervical cancer PDX models throughout the xenografting and passaging process. Furthermore, WES demonstrated that the cervical cancer PDX models maintained the majority somatic mutations of original cervical cancer, of which the KMT2D, LRP1B, NAV3, TP53, FAT1, MKI67 and PKHD1L1 genes were identified as the most frequently mutated genes. Conclusions The cervical cancer PDX models preserved the histologic and genetic characteristics of their original cervical cancer, which helped to gain a deeper insight into the genetic alterations and lay a foundation for further investigation of the molecular targeted therapy of cervical cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01342-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangwei Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-An Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihui Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang D, Chen F, Gong D, Zeng L, Xiang D, He Y, Chen L, Yan J, Zhang S. Establishment of childhood hepatoblastoma xenografts and evaluation of the anti-tumour effects of anlotinib, oxaliplatin and sorafenib. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:465-472. [PMID: 35032209 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-05043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a common primary malignant liver tumour in children, mainly treated by means of traditional chemotherapy using platinum and doxorubicin (ADM). There has been limited progress in the research and development of new drugs for treating HB. METHODS A tumour biopsy from a child with HB was implanted into immunodeficient mice. The primary tumour and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumour were extensively characterised by histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and humanisation identification. We used the PDX model to evaluate the anti-tumour effects of anlotinib oxaliplatin (L-OHP) and sorafenib on childhood HB. RESULTS The established PDX model maintained the histological characteristics of the primary tumour. Anlotinib, L-OHP, and sorafenib can significantly inhibit the tumour growth in the PDX model. There was no obvious damage of the drugs to the heart, liver and kidney of the mice, and the side effects observed were light. CONCLUSION We have successfully established a PDX model of childhood HB. The model retains important molecular characteristics of human primary tumours. Using the model, it was found that anlotinib, L-OHP, and sorafenib have a good inhibitory effect on the growth of childhood HB. This provides a preliminary research basis for the clinical application of the drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, 122 Yangming Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dan Gong
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Deng Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, 122 Yangming Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuanqiao He
- Laboratory Animal Science Center of Nanchang University, Nanchang Royo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Leifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinlong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, 122 Yangming Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hou X, Du C, Lu L, Yuan S, Zhan M, You P, Du H. Opportunities and challenges of patient-derived models in cancer research: patient-derived xenografts, patient-derived organoid and patient-derived cells. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:37. [PMID: 35177071 PMCID: PMC8851816 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As reported, preclinical animal models differ greatly from the human body. The evaluation model may be the colossal obstacle for scientific research and anticancer drug development. Therefore, it is essential to propose efficient evaluation systems similar to clinical practice for cancer research. Main body While it has emerged for decades, the development of patient-derived xenografts, patient-derived organoid and patient-derived cell used to be limited. As the requirements for anticancer drug evaluation increases, patient-derived models developed rapidly recently, which is widely applied in basic research, drug development, and clinical application and achieved remarkable progress. However, there still lack systematic comparison and summarize reports for patient-derived models. In the current review, the development, applications, strengths, and challenges of patient-derived models in cancer research were characterized. Conclusion Patient-derived models are an indispensable approach for cancer research and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Hou
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Cong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2100 9, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Pengtao You
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Hongzhi Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saito N, Yamauchi T, Kawano N, Ono R, Yoshida S, Miyamoto T, Kamimura T, Shultz LD, Saito Y, Takenaka K, Shimoda K, Harada M, Akashi K, Ishikawa F. Circulating CD34+ cells of primary myelofibrosis patients contribute to myeloid-dominant hematopoiesis and bone marrow fibrosis in immunodeficient mice. Int J Hematol 2022; 115:198-207. [PMID: 34773575 PMCID: PMC8905546 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by myeloid dominant hematopoiesis and dysregulated proliferation of fibroblasts in the bone marrow. However, how these aberrant myeloid cells and fibroblasts are produced remains unclear. AIM AND METHODS In this study, we examined in vivo engraftment kinetics of PMF patient-derived CD34+ cells in immunecompromised NOD/SCID/IL2rgKO (NSG) mice. Engrafted human cells were analyzed with flow cytometry, and proliferation of fibroblastic cells and bone marrow fibrosis were assessed with the histo-pathological examination. RESULTS Transplantation of PMF patient-derived circulating CD34+ fractions into NSG newborns recapitulates clinical features of human PMF. Engraftment of human CD45+ leukocytes resulted in anemia and myeloid hyperplasia accompanied by bone marrow fibrosis by six months post-transplantation. Fibrotic bone marrow contained CD45-vimentin+ cells of both human and mouse origin, suggesting that circulating malignant CD34+ subsets contribute to myelofibrotic changes in PMF through direct and indirect mechanisms. CONCLUSION A patient-derived xenotransplantation (PDX) model of PMF allows in vivo examination of disease onset and propagation originating from immature CD34+ cells and will support the investigation of pathogenesis and development of therapeutic modalities for the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Saito
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, 1-3-46 Tenjin, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-0001, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamauchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kawano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ono
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuro Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoriko Saito
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mine Harada
- Karatsu Higashimatsuura Medical Center, Karatsu, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Fumihiko Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pascual-Pasto G, Castillo-Ecija H, Unceta N, Aschero R, Resa-Pares C, Gómez-Caballero A, Vila-Ubach M, Muñoz-Aznar O, Suñol M, Burgueño V, Gomez-Gonzalez S, Sosnik A, Ibarra M, Schaiquevich P, de Álava E, Tirado OM, Mora J, Carcaboso AM. SPARC-mediated long-term retention of nab-paclitaxel in pediatric sarcomas. J Control Release 2021; 342:81-92. [PMID: 34974029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein overexpressed by several cancers. Because SPARC shows high binding affinity to albumin, we reasoned that pediatric sarcoma xenografts expressing SPARC would show enhanced uptake and accumulation of nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel, a potent anticancer drug formulation. We first evaluated the expression of SPARC in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma, finding variable SPARC gene expression that correlated well with SPARC protein measured by immunoblotting. We revealed that the activity of the fusion gene chimera EWSR1-FLI1, the genetic driver of Ewing sarcoma, leads to lower expression of the gene SPARC in these tumors, likely due to enriched acetylation marks of the histone H3 lysine 27 at regions including the SPARC promoter and potential enhancers. Then, we used SPARC-edited Ewing sarcoma cells (A673 line) to demonstrate that SPARC knocked down (KD) cells accumulated significantly less amount of nab-paclitaxel in vitro than SPARC wild type (WT) cells. In vivo, SPARC KD and SPARC WT subcutaneous xenografts in mice achieved similar maximum intratumoral concentrations of nab-paclitaxel, though drug clearance from SPARC WT tumors was significantly slower. We confirmed such SPARC-mediated long-term intratumoral accumulation of nab-paclitaxel in Ewing sarcoma PDX with high expression of SPARC, which accumulated significantly more nab-paclitaxel than SPARC-low PDX. SPARC-high PDX responded better to nab-paclitaxel than SPARC-low tumors, although these results should be taken cautiously, given that the PDXs were established from different patients that could have specific determinants predisposing response to paclitaxel. In addition, SPARC KD Ewing sarcoma xenografts responded better to soluble docetaxel and paclitaxel than to nab-paclitaxel, while SPARC WT ones showed similar response to soluble and albumin-carried drugs. Overall, our results show that pediatric sarcomas expressing SPARC accumulate nab-paclitaxel for longer periods of time, which could have clinical implications for chemotherapy efficacy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo M, He Y, Xie B, Li S, Gan F, Zhang S, Luo P. Establishment and characterization of an ovarian yolk sac tumor patient-derived xenograft model. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:1031-40. [PMID: 34031745 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-04895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lack of appropriate preclinical models of ovarian yolk sac tumor (OYST) is currently hindering the pursuit of new methods of treatment and investigation of the pathogenesis of the disease. We developed and characterized an OYST patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in this study. METHODS Tumor fragments from a patient with an OYST were implanted subcutaneously into BALB/c Nude mice. Engrafted xenografts were compared with the original tumor according to histology, immunohistochemistry, humanized identified, and drug efficacy testing with in vivo treatment programs. RESULTS There was a high degree of histologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) resemblance between the established PDX model and its corresponding human tumors. Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (JEB) chemotherapy regimens were effective in clinical patients and were effective in the OYST PDX model; therefore, the effect of PDX intervention was consistent with clinical outcomes of OYSTs. CONCLUSION We have successfully established an OYST PDX model. This OYST model preserves the basic molecular features of the primary human tumor, thereby providing a valuable method to preclinically evaluate new treatments and explore disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wulf-Goldenberg A, Hoffmann J, Becker M, Brzezicha B, Walther W. Patient-Derived Xenografts from Solid Tumors (PDX) for Models of Metastasis. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2294:43-58. [PMID: 33742393 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1350-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In cancer research, availability of clinically relevant tumor models is still essential for drug testing, proof of concept studies, and also molecular analyses. To achieve this, models are of advantage, which more closely reflect heterogeneity of tumors. In this regard, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models more closely recapitulate the native tumor biology, tissue composition, and molecular characteristics. Since metastasis is still the major challenge of tumor therapy, models are pivotal, which resemble this particular property. In this context, PDX model-derived metastasis is of particular interest for testing antimetastatic therapies for their efficacy to better target this systemic disease. This protocol describes the establishment of PDX models from tumor specimen and their applicability for PDX-derived metastasis at metastatic sites such as liver and lung, which are also clinically relevant for the systemic spread of cancer. Analysis of metastasis and methods for quantification of metastatic spread are provided.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen X, Shen C, Wei Z, Zhang R, Wang Y, Jiang L, Chen K, Qiu S, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Chen B, Xu Y, Feng Q, Huang J, Zhong Z, Li H, Che G, Xiao K. Patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer xenograft mirrors complex tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:184-198. [PMID: 33628593 PMCID: PMC7877179 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have shown great promise in preclinical and translational applications, but their consistency with primary tumors in phenotypic, genetic, and pharmacodynamic heterogeneity has not been well-studied. This study aimed to establish a PDX repository for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to further elucidate whether it could preserve the heterogeneity within and between tumors in patients. Methods A total of 75 surgically resected NSCLC specimens were implanted into immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice. Based on the successful establishment of the NSCLC PDX model, we compared the expressions of vimentin, Ki67, EGFR, and PD-L1 proteins between cancer tissues and PDX models using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining. In addition, we detected whole gene expression profiling between primary tumors and PDX generations. We also performed whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis in 17 first generation xenografts to further assess whether PDXs retained the patient heterogeneities. Finally, paclitaxel, cisplatin, doxorubicin, atezolizumab, afatininb, and AZD4547 were used to evaluate the responses of PDX models to the standard-of-care agents. Results A large collection of serially transplantable PDX models for NSCLC were successfully developed. The histology and pathological immunohistochemistry of PDX xenografts were consistent with the patients' tumor samples. WES and RNA-seq further confirmed that PDX accurately replicated the molecular heterogeneities of primary tumors. Similar to clinical patients, PDX models responded differentially to the standard-of-care treatment, including chemo-, targeted- and immuno-therapeutics. Conclusions Our established PDX models of NSCLC faithfully reproduced the molecular, histopathological, and therapeutic characteristics, as well as the corresponding tumor heterogeneities, which provides a clinically relevant platform for drug screening, biomarker discovery, and translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- GCP Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yuanli Zhang
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Qiyi Feng
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jinxing Huang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goto S, Sakoda Y, Adachi K, Sekido Y, Yano S, Eto M, Tamada K. Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of IL-7/CCL19-producing human CAR-T cells in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft tumor models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2503-2515. [PMID: 33559069 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has impressive efficacy in hematological malignancies, but its application in solid tumors remains a challenge. Multiple hurdles associated with the biological and immunological features of solid tumors currently limit the application of CAR-T cells in the treatment of solid tumors. Using syngeneic mouse models, we recently reported that CAR-T cells engineered to concomitantly produce interleukin (IL)-7 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19)-induced potent anti-tumor efficacy against solid tumors through an improved ability of migration and proliferation even in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, for a preclinical evaluation preceding clinical application, we further explored the potential of IL-7/CCL19-producing human CAR-T cells using models that mimic the clinical features of solid tumors. Human anti-mesothelin CAR-T cells producing human IL-7/CCL19 achieved complete eradication of orthotopic pre-established malignant mesothelioma and prevented a relapse of tumors with downregulated antigen expression. Moreover, mice with patient-derived xenograft of mesothelin-positive pancreatic cancers exhibited significant inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival following treatment with IL-7/CCL19-producing CAR-T cells, compared to treatment with conventional CAR-T cells. Transfer of IL-7/CCL19-producing CAR-T cells resulted in an increase in not only CAR-T cells but also non-CAR-T cells within the tumor tissues and downregulated the expression of exhaustion markers, including PD-1 and TIGIT, on the T cells. Taken together, our current study elucidated the exceptional anti-tumor efficacy of IL-7/CCL19-producing human CAR-T cells and their potential for clinical application in the treatment of patients with solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Goto
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukimi Sakoda
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Keishi Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kang W, Maher L, Michaud M, Bae SW, Kim S, Lee HS, Im SA, Yang HK, Lee C. Development of a Novel Orthotopic Gastric Cancer Mouse Model. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:1. [PMID: 33390162 PMCID: PMC7780388 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer metastasis is a highly fatal disease with a five-year survival rate of less than 5%. One major obstacle in studying gastric cancer metastasis is the lack of faithful models available. The cancer xenograft mouse models are widely used to elucidate the mechanisms of cancer development and progression. Current procedures for creating cancer xenografts include both heterotopic (i.e., subcutaneous) and orthotopic transplantation methods. Compared to the heterotopic model, the orthotopic model has been shown to be the more clinically relevant design as it enables the development of cancer metastasis. Although there are several methods in use to develop the orthotopic gastric cancer model, there is not a model which uses various types of tumor materials, such as soft tissues, semi-liquid tissues, or culture derivatives, due to the technical challenges. Thus, developing the applicable orthotopic model which can utilize various tumor materials is essential. RESULTS To overcome the known limitations of the current orthotopic gastric cancer models, such as exposure of tumor fragments to the neighboring organs or only using firm tissues for the orthotopic implantation, we have developed a new method allowing for the complete insertion of soft tissue fragments or homogeneously minced tissues into the stomach submucosa layer of the immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mouse. With this completely-closed transplantation method, tumors with various types of tissue may be used to establish orthotopic gastric cancer models without the risks of exposure to nearby organs or cell leakage. This surgical procedure was highly reproducible in generating forty-eight mouse models with a surgery success rate of 96% and tumor formation of 93%. Among four orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models that we generated in this study, we verified that the occurrence of organotropic metastasis in either the liver or peritoneal cavity was the same as that of the donor patients. CONCLUSION Here we describe a new protocol, step by step, for the establishment of orthotopic xenograft of gastric cancer. This novel technique will be able to increase the use of orthotopic models in broader applications for not only gastric cancer research but also any research related to the stomach microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Kang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Leigh Maher
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Michael Michaud
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Seong-Woo Bae
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeong Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pola R, Pokorná E, Vočková P, Böhmová E, Pechar M, Karolová J, Pankrác J, Šefc L, Helman K, Trněný M, Etrych T, Klener P. Cytarabine nanotherapeutics with increased stability and enhanced lymphoma uptake for tailored highly effective therapy of mantle cell lymphoma. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:349-359. [PMID: 33186784 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) with chronically relapsing clinical course. Implementation of cytarabine (araC) into induction and salvage regimen became standard of care for majority of MCL patients. In this study, tailored N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based polymer nanotherapeutics containing covalently bound araC (araC co-polymers) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-lymphoma efficacy in vivo using a panel of six patient-derived lymphoma xenografts (PDX) derived from newly diagnosed and relapsed / refractory (R/R) MCL. While free araC led to temporary inhibition of growth of MCL tumors, araC co-polymers induced long-term disappearance of the engrafted lymphomas with no observed toxicity even in the case of PDX models derived from patients, who relapsed after high-dose araC-based treatments. The results provide sound preclinical rationale for the use of HPMA-based araC co-polymers in induction, salvage or palliative therapy of MCL patients.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
By directly implanting patient tumor cells into mice in a relevant location, we can mimic both the biology and tumor microenvironment of the original tumor. Here we describe the process of generating an orthotopic patient derived xenograft model by injecting a single cell suspension of Ewing sarcoma cells into the femur of a recipient mouse.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Intense chemotherapy regimens of patients diagnosed with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have proved successful for improving patient's overall survival, especially in children. But still T-ALL treatment remains challenging, since side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs often worsen patient's quality of life, and relapse rates remain significant. Hence, the availability of experimental animal models capable of recapitulating the biology of human T-ALL is obligatory as a critical tool to explore novel promising therapies directed against specific targets that have been previously validated in in vitro assays. For this purpose, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of primary human T-ALL are currently of great interest as preclinical models for novel therapeutic strategies toward transition into clinical trials. In this chapter, we describe the lab workflow to perform PDX assays, from the initial processing of patient T-ALL samples, genetic in vitro modifications of leukemic cells by lentiviral transduction, inoculation routes, monitoring for disease development, and mouse organ examination, to administration of several treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fuentes
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Toribio
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara González-García
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wafai R, Williams ED, de Souza E, Simpson PT, McCart Reed AE, Kutasovic JR, Waltham M, Snell CE, Blick T, Thompson EW, Hugo HJ. Integrin alpha-2 and beta-1 expression increases through multiple generations of the EDW01 patient-derived xenograft model of breast cancer-insight into their role in epithelial mesenchymal transition in vivo gained from an in vitro model system. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:136. [PMID: 33276802 PMCID: PMC7716465 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancers acquire aggressive capabilities via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which various integrins/integrin-linked kinase signalling are upregulated. Methods We investigated this in two patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) developed from breast-to-bone metastases, and its functional significance in a breast cancer cell line system. ED03 and EDW01 PDXs were grown subcutaneously in immunocompromised SCID mice through 11 passages and 7 passages, respectively. Tumour tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for oestrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, E-cadherin, vimentin, Twist1, beta-catenin, P120-RasGAP, CD44, CD24 and Ki67, and RT-qPCR of EMT-related factors (CDH1, VIM, CD44, CD24), integrins beta 1 (ITGB1), alpha 2 (ITGA2) and ILK. Integrin and ILK expression in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced EMT of the PMC42-ET breast cancer cell line was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, as were the effects of their transient knockdown via small interfering RNA +/− EGF. Cell migration, changes in cell morphology and adhesion of siRNA-transfected PMC42-ET cells to various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates was assessed. Results The ED03 (ER+/PR−/HER2−/lobular) and EDW01 (ER+/PR−/HER2−/ductal) PDXs were both classified as molecular subtype luminal A. ED03 xenografts exhibited mutated E-cadherin with minimal expression, but remained vimentin-negative across all passages. In EDW01, the hypoxic indicator gene CAIX and Twist1 were co-ordinately upregulated at passages 4–5, corresponding with a decrease in E-cadherin. At passages 6–7, VIM was upregulated along with ITGB1 and ITGA2, consistent with an increasing EMT. The ED03 PDX displayed minimal change over passages in mice, for all genes examined. ILK, ITGB1 and ITGA2 mRNAs were also increased in the EGF-induced EMT of PMC42-ET cells (in which CDH1 was downregulated) although siRNA against these targets revealed that this induction was not necessary for the observed EMT. However, their knockdown significantly reduced EMT-associated adhesion and Transwell migration. Conclusion Our data suggest that despite an increase in ITGA2 and ITGB1 gene expression in the EMT exhibited by EDW01 PDX over multiple generations, this pathway may not necessarily drive the EMT process. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-020-01366-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razan Wafai
- Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma de Souza
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter T Simpson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamie R Kutasovic
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Waltham
- Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cameron E Snell
- Cancer Pathology Research Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Honor J Hugo
- Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Thomas L, Smith N, Saunders D, Zalles M, Gulej R, Lerner M, Fung KM, Carcaboso AM, Towner RA. OKlahoma Nitrone-007: novel treatment for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:424. [PMID: 33168005 PMCID: PMC7654606 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the most common brainstem cancer in childhood. This rapidly progressing brainstem glioma holds a very dismal prognosis with median survival of less than 1 year. Despite extensive research, no significant therapeutic advancements have been made to improve overall survival in DIPG patients. METHODS Here, we used an orthotopic xenograft pediatric DIPG (HSJD-DIPG-007) mouse model to monitor the effects of anti-cancer agent, OKlahoma Nitrone-007 (OKN-007), as an inhibitor of tumor growth after 28 days of treatment. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we confirmed the previously described efficacy of LDN-193189, a known activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) inhibitor, in decreasing tumor burden and found that OKN-007 was equally efficacious. RESULTS After 28 days of treatment, the tumor volumes were significantly decreased in OKN-007 treated mice (p < 0.01). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), as a measure of tissue structural alterations, was significantly decreased in OKN-007 treated tumor-bearing mice (p < 0.0001). Histological analysis also showed a significant decrease in CD34 expression, essential for angiogenesis, of OKN-007 treated mice (p < 0.05) compared to LDN-193189 treated mice. OKN-007-treated mice also significantly decreased protein expression of the human nuclear antigen (HNA) (p < 0.001), ACVR1 (p < 0.0001), and c-MET (p < 0.05), as well as significantly increased expression of cleaved caspase 3 (p < 0.001) and histone H3 K27-trimethylation (p < 0.01), compared to untreated mouse tumors. CONCLUSIONS With the dismal prognosis and limited effective chemotherapy available for DIPG, there is significant room for continued research studies, and OKN-007 merits further exploration as a therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lincy Thomas
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- The Jimmy Everest Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders in Children, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern in the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Michelle Zalles
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Pharmaceutical Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Megan Lerner
- Surgery Research Laboratory, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Juan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Batth IS, Meng Q, Wang Q, Torres KE, Burks J, Wang J, Gorlick R, Li S. Rare osteosarcoma cell subpopulation protein array and profiling using imaging mass cytometry and bioinformatics analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:715. [PMID: 32736533 PMCID: PMC7395380 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single rare cell characterization represents a new scientific front in personalized therapy. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) may be able to address all these questions by combining the power of MS-CyTOF and microscopy. METHODS We have investigated this IMC method using < 100 to up to 1000 cells from human sarcoma tumor cell lines by incorporating bioinformatics-based t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) analysis of highly multiplexed IMC imaging data. We tested this process on osteosarcoma cell lines TC71, OHS as well as osteosarcoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cell lines M31, M36, and M60. We also validated our analysis using sarcoma patient-derived CTCs. RESULTS We successfully identified heterogeneity within individual tumor cell lines, the same PDX cells, and the CTCs from the same patient by detecting multiple protein targets and protein localization. Overall, these data reveal that our t-SNE-based approach can not only identify rare cells within the same cell line or cell population, but also discriminate amongst varied groups to detect similarities and differences. CONCLUSIONS This method helps us make greater inroads towards generating patient-specific CTC fingerprinting that could provide an accurate tumor status from a minimally-invasive liquid biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izhar S Batth
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qing Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Science, Houston, USA
| | - Keila E Torres
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, Houston, USA
| | - Jared Burks
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Science, Houston, USA.
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang L, Zhou J, Yan Y, Zhou X, Zhou Q, Du R, Hu S, Ge W, Huang Y, Xu H, Kong Y, Zheng H, Ding Y, Shen Y, Wang W. Excipient-free nanodispersion of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin exerts potent therapeutic effects against pancreatic cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. Cancer Lett 2019; 465:36-44. [PMID: 31479691 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an anti-tumor drug and formulated as nanomedicines to reduce side effects and improve efficacy. In vivo, CPT-11 must be hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase to its active form 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) to exert anti-tumor activity, but the lack of this enzyme in humans causes inefficient generation of SN-38. Thus, direct delivery of SN-38, not relying on carboxylesterase, will potentially achieve higher efficacy. However, it is difficult to effectively formulate SN-38 using current excipients due to its hydrophobicity and tendency to crystallize. Herein, we report the nanodispersion of SN-38 with its amphiphilic prodrug, CPT-11, as an effective treatment for pancreatic cancer (PC). SN-38 and CPT-11 formed stable nanoparticles without any other excipients, and showed potent cytotoxicity against PC cells in vitro, slowed tumor growth in vivo, namely subcutaneously and orthotopically xenografted mice, with minimal adverse effects, and prolonged their overall survival. Even in clinically-relevant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, the nanodispersion showed greater anti-tumor efficacy than CPT-11. Importantly, the nanodispersion directly released SN-38, resulting in carboxylesterase-independent anti-tumor activity, in contrast to carboxylesterase-dependent CPT-11. These characteristics may enable the excipient-free nanodispersion to exert potent therapeutic effects in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linshi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jiarong Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yingcai Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Center for Bio-nanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Rong Du
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, United States
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yang Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Huilin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bio-nanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bharathy N, Berlow NE, Wang E, Abraham J, Settelmeyer TP, Hooper JE, Svalina MN, Bajwa Z, Goros MW, Hernandez BS, Wolff JE, Pal R, Davies AM, Ashok A, Bushby D, Mancini M, Noakes C, Goodwin NC, Ordentlich P, Keck J, Hawkins DS, Rudzinski ER, Mansoor A, Perkins TJ, Vakoc CR, Michalek JE, Keller C. Preclinical rationale for entinostat in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:12. [PMID: 31113472 PMCID: PMC6528217 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in the pediatric cancer population. Survival among metastatic RMS patients has remained dismal yet unimproved for years. We previously identified the class I-specific histone deacetylase inhibitor, entinostat (ENT), as a pharmacological agent that transcriptionally suppresses the PAX3:FOXO1 tumor-initiating fusion gene found in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS), and we further investigated the mechanism by which ENT suppresses PAX3:FOXO1 oncogene and demonstrated the preclinical efficacy of ENT in RMS orthotopic allograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. In this study, we investigated whether ENT also has antitumor activity in fusion-negative eRMS orthotopic allografts and PDX models either as a single agent or in combination with vincristine (VCR). Methods We tested the efficacy of ENT and VCR as single agents and in combination in orthotopic allograft and PDX mouse models of eRMS. We then performed CRISPR screening to identify which HDAC among the class I HDACs is responsible for tumor growth inhibition in eRMS. To analyze whether ENT treatment as a single agent or in combination with VCR induces myogenic differentiation, we performed hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in tumors. Results ENT in combination with the chemotherapy VCR has synergistic antitumor activity in a subset of fusion-negative eRMS in orthotopic “allografts,” although PDX mouse models were too hypersensitive to the VCR dose used to detect synergy. Mechanistic studies involving CRISPR suggest that HDAC3 inhibition is the primary mechanism of cell-autonomous cytoreduction in eRMS. Following cytoreduction in vivo, residual tumor cells in the allograft models treated with chemotherapy undergo a dramatic, entinostat-induced (70–100%) conversion to non-proliferative rhabdomyoblasts. Conclusion Our results suggest that the targeting class I HDACs may provide a therapeutic benefit for selected patients with eRMS. ENT’s preclinical in vivo efficacy makes ENT a rational drug candidate in a phase II clinical trial for eRMS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-019-0198-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Bharathy
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 Sw Beaverdam Rd. W, Beaverton, OR, 97005, USA.
| | - Noah E Berlow
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 Sw Beaverdam Rd. W, Beaverton, OR, 97005, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Jinu Abraham
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Teagan P Settelmeyer
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 Sw Beaverdam Rd. W, Beaverton, OR, 97005, USA
| | - Jody E Hooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Matthew N Svalina
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 Sw Beaverdam Rd. W, Beaverton, OR, 97005, USA
| | - Zia Bajwa
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 Sw Beaverdam Rd. W, Beaverton, OR, 97005, USA.,Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Martin W Goros
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Brian S Hernandez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Johannes E Wolff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Present Address: AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Ranadip Pal
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | | | - Arya Ashok
- Champions Oncology, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James Keck
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA, 95838, USA
| | | | | | - Atiya Mansoor
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Theodore J Perkins
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | - Joel E Michalek
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 Sw Beaverdam Rd. W, Beaverton, OR, 97005, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grinde MT, Hilmarsdottir B, Tunset HM, Henriksen IM, Kim J, Haugen MH, Rye MB, Mælandsmo GM, Moestue SA. Glutamine to proline conversion is associated with response to glutaminase inhibition in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:61. [PMID: 31088535 PMCID: PMC6518522 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glutaminase inhibitors target cancer cells by blocking the conversion of glutamine to glutamate, thereby potentially interfering with anaplerosis and synthesis of amino acids and glutathione. The drug CB-839 has shown promising effects in preclinical experiments and is currently undergoing clinical trials in several human malignancies, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, response to glutaminase inhibitors is variable and there is a need for identification of predictive response biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine how glutamine is utilized in two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of breast cancer representing luminal-like/ER+ (MAS98.06) and basal-like/triple-negative (MAS98.12) breast cancer and to explore the metabolic effects of CB-839 treatment. EXPERIMENTAL MAS98.06 and MAS98.12 PDX mice received CB-839 (200 mg/kg) or drug vehicle two times daily p.o. for up to 28 days (n = 5 per group), and the effect on tumor growth was evaluated. Expression of 60 genes and seven glutaminolysis key enzymes were determined using gene expression microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively, in untreated tumors. Uptake and conversion of glutamine were determined in the PDX models using HR MAS MRS after i.v. infusion of [5-13C] glutamine when the models had received CB-839 (200 mg/kg) or vehicle for 2 days (n = 5 per group). RESULTS Tumor growth measurements showed that CB-839 significantly inhibited tumor growth in MAS98.06 tumors, but not in MAS98.12 tumors. Gene expression and IHC analysis indicated a higher proline synthesis from glutamine in untreated MAS98.06 tumors. This was confirmed by HR MAS MRS of untreated tumors demonstrating that MAS98.06 used glutamine to produce proline, glutamate, and alanine, and MAS98.12 to produce glutamate and lactate. In both models, treatment with CB-839 resulted in accumulation of glutamine. In addition, CB-839 caused depletion of alanine, proline, and glutamate ([1-13C] glutamate) in the MAS98.06 model. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that TNBCs may not be universally sensitive to glutaminase inhibitors. The major difference in the metabolic fate of glutamine between responding MAS98.06 xenografts and non-responding MAS98.12 xenografts is the utilization of glutamine for production of proline. We therefore suggest that addiction to proline synthesis from glutamine is associated with response to CB-839 in breast cancer. The effect of glutaminase inhibition in two breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. 13C HR MAS MRS analysis of tumor tissue from CB-839-treated and untreated models receiving 13C-labeled glutamine ([5-13C] Gln) shows that the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 is causing an accumulation of glutamine (arrow up) in two PDX models representing luminal-like breast cancer (MAS98.06) and basal-like breast cancer (MAS98.12). In MAS98.06 tumors, CB-839 is in addition causing depletion of proline ([5-13C] Pro), alanine ([1-13C] Ala), and glutamate ([1-13C] Glu), which could explain why CB-839 causes tumor growth inhibition in MAS98.06 tumors, but not in MAS98.12 tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Grinde
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7489, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bylgja Hilmarsdottir
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Maja Tunset
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7489, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Jana Kim
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7489, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mads H Haugen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Beck Rye
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Siver A Moestue
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pharmacy, Nord Universitet, Namsos, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Malcolm JE, Stearns TM, Airhart SD, Graber JH, Bult CJ. Factors that influence response classifications in chemotherapy treated patient-derived xenografts (PDX). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6586. [PMID: 30944774 PMCID: PMC6441558 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of initial tumor volume, rate of tumor growth, cohort size, study duration, and data analysis method on chemotherapy treatment response classifications in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). The analyses were conducted on cisplatin treatment response data for 70 PDX models representing ten cancer types with up to 28-day study duration and cohort sizes of 3-10 tumor-bearing mice. The results demonstrated that a 21-day dosing study using a cohort size of eight was necessary to reliably detect responsive models (i.e., tumor volume ratio of treated animals to control between 0.1 and 0.42)-independent of analysis method. A cohort of three tumor-bearing animals led to a reliable classification of models that were both highly responsive and highly nonresponsive to cisplatin (i.e., tumor volume ratio of treated animals to control animals less than 0.10). In our set of PDXs, we found that tumor growth rate in the control group impacted treatment response classification more than initial tumor volume. We repeated the study design factors using docetaxel treated PDXs with consistent results. Our results highlight the importance of defining endpoints for PDX dosing studies when deciding the size of cohorts to use in dosing studies and illustrate that response classifications for a study do not differ significantly across the commonly used analysis methods that are based on tumor volume changes in treatment versus control groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Malcolm
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America
| | | | - Susan D Airhart
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Joel H Graber
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America.,The MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Carol J Bult
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang F, Wang W, Long Y, Liu H, Cheng J, Guo L, Li R, Meng C, Yu S, Zhao Q, Lu S, Wang L, Wang H, Wen D. Characterization of drug responses of mini patient-derived xenografts in mice for predicting cancer patient clinical therapeutic response. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:60. [PMID: 30257718 PMCID: PMC6158900 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-derived organoids and xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as powerful models in functional diagnostics with high predictive power for anticancer drug response. However, limitations such as engraftment failure and time-consuming for establishing and expanding PDX models followed by testing drug efficacy, and inability to subject to systemic drug administration for ex vivo organoid culture hinder realistic and fast decision-making in selecting the right therapeutics in the clinic. The present study aimed to develop an advanced PDX model, namely MiniPDX, for rapidly testing drug efficacy to strengthen its value in personalized cancer treatment. Methods We developed a rapid in vivo drug sensitivity assay, OncoVee® MiniPDX, for screening clinically relevant regimens for cancer. In this model, patient-derived tumor cells were arrayed within hollow fiber capsules, implanted subcutaneously into mice and cultured for 7 days. The cellular activity morphology and pharmacokinetics were systematically evaluated. MiniPDX performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) was examined using PDX as the reference. Drug responses were examined by tumor cell growth inhibition rate and tumor growth inhibition rate in PDX models and MiniPDX assays respectively. The results from MiniPDX were also used to evaluate its predictive power for clinical outcomes. Results Morphological and histopathological features of tumor cells within the MiniPDX capsules matched those both in PDX models and in original tumors. Drug responses in the PDX tumor graft assays correlated well with those in the corresponding MiniPDX assays using 26 PDX models generated from patients, including 14 gastric cancer, 10 lung cancer and 2 pancreatic cancer. The positive predictive value of MiniPDX was 92%, and the negative predictive value was 81% with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 93%. Through expanding to clinical tumor samples, MiniPDX assay showed potential of wide clinical application. Conclusions Fast in vivo MiniPDX assay based on capsule implantation was developed-to assess drug responses of both PDX tumor grafts and clinical cancer specimens. The high correlation between drug responses of paired MiniPDX and PDX tumor graft assay, as well as translational data suggest that MiniPDX assay is an advanced tool for personalized cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Long
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jijun Cheng
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Rongyu Li
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chao Meng
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Shan Yu
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Wang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
| | - Danyi Wen
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu XL, Xu YC, Wang YX, Chen Y, Wang BB, Wang Y, Chen YH, Tan C, Hu LD, Ma QY, Zhang YC, Sun YM, Gao YL, Yang CH, Ding J, Meng LH. Decrease in phosphorylated ERK indicates the therapeutic efficacy of a clinical PI3Kα-selective inhibitor CYH33 in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:273-82. [PMID: 30003928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PI3Ks are frequently hyper-activated in breast cancer and targeting PI3Kα has exhibited promising but variable response in preclinical and clinical settings. CYH33 is a novel PI3Kα-selective inhibitor in phase I clinical trial. We investigated the efficacy of CYH33 against breast cancer and explored potential predictive biomarkers. CYH33 potently restrained tumor growth in mice bearing human breast cancer cell xenografts and in R26-Pik3caH1047R;MMTV-Cre transgenic mice. CYH33 significantly inhibited proliferation of a panel of human breast cancer cells, while diversity in sensitivity has been observed. Cells harboring activating PIK3CA mutation, amplified HER2 were more responsive to CYH33 than their counterparts. Besides, cells in HER2-enriched or luminal subtype were more sensitive to CYH33 than basal-like breast cancer. Sensitivity to CYH33 has been further revealed to be associated with induction of G1 phase arrest and simultaneous inhibition of Akt and ERK. Sensitivity of patient-derived xenograft to CYH33 was also positively correlated with decrease in phosphorylated ERK. Taken together, CYH33 is a promising PI3Kα inhibitor for breast cancer treatment and decrease in ERK phosphorylation may indicate its efficacy, which provides useful clues for rational design of the ongoing clinical trials.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The prognosis for children with high-risk neuroblastoma is often poor and survivors can suffer from severe side effects. Predictive preclinical models and novel therapeutic strategies for high-risk disease are therefore a clinical imperative. However, conventional cancer cell line-derived xenografts can deviate substantially from patient tumors in terms of their molecular and phenotypic features. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) recapitulate many biologically and clinically relevant features of human cancers. Importantly, PDXs can closely parallel clinical features and outcome and serve as excellent models for biomarker and preclinical drug development. Here, we review progress in and applications of neuroblastoma PDX models. Neuroblastoma orthotopic PDXs share the molecular characteristics, neuroblastoma markers, invasive properties and tumor stroma of aggressive patient tumors and retain spontaneous metastatic capacity to distant organs including bone marrow. The recent identification of genomic changes in relapsed neuroblastomas opens up opportunities to target treatment-resistant tumors in well-characterized neuroblastoma PDXs. We highlight and discuss the features and various sources of neuroblastoma PDXs, methodological considerations when establishing neuroblastoma PDXs, in vitro 3D models, current limitations of PDX models and their application to preclinical drug testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Braekeveldt
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C3, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C3, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Verma MK, Clemens J, Burzenski L, Sampson SB, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Shultz LD. A novel hemolytic complement-sufficient NSG mouse model supports studies of complement-mediated antitumor activity in vivo. J Immunol Methods 2017; 446:47-53. [PMID: 28390927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as a mainstream therapeutic option against cancer. mAbs mediate tumor cell-killing through several mechanisms including complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). However, studies of mAb-mediated CDC against tumor cells remain largely dependent on in vitro systems. Previously developed and widely used NOD-scid IL2rγnull (NSG) mice support enhanced engraftment of many primary human tumors. However, NSG mice have a 2-bp deletion in the coding region of the hemolytic complement (Hc) gene, and it is not possible to evaluate CDC activity in NSG mice. To address this limitation, we generated a novel strain of NSG mice-NSG-Hc1-that have an intact complement system able to generate the membrane attack complex. Utilizing the Daudi Burkitt's human lymphoma cell line, and the anti-human CD20 mAb rituximab, we further demonstrated that the complement system in NSG-Hc1 mice is fully functional. NSG-Hc1 mice expressed CDC activity against Daudi cells in vivo following rituximab treatment and showed longer overall survival compared with rituximab-treated NSG mice that lack hemolytic complement. Our results validate the NSG-Hc1 mouse model as a platform for testing mechanisms underlying CDC in vivo and suggest its potential use to compare complement-dependent and complement-independent cytotoxic activity mediated by therapeutic mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit K Verma
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Julia Clemens
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | | | - Michael A Brehm
- Diabetes Center of Excellence™, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Diabetes Center of Excellence™, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chokshi C, Dhillon M, McFarlane N, Venugopal C, Singh SK. Development of a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model Using Brain Tumor Stem Cell Systems to Study Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1458:231-45. [PMID: 27581026 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3801-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models provide an excellent platform to understand cancer initiation and development in vivo. In the context of brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), PDX models allow for characterization of tumor formation, growth, and recurrence, in a clinically relevant in vivo system. Here, we detail procedures to harvest, culture, characterize, and orthotopically inject human BTICs derived from patient samples.
Collapse
|