Phanginin R Induces Cytoprotective Autophagy via JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021;
20:982-988. [PMID:
32286950 DOI:
10.2174/1871520620666200414095828]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Cassane-type diterpenoids are widely distributed in the medical plants of genus Caesalpinia. To date, plenty of cassane diterpenoids have been isolated from the genus Caesalpinia, and some of them were documented to exhibit multiple biological activities. However, the effects of these compounds on autophagy have never been reported.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects and mechanisms of the cassane diterpenoids including Phanginin R (PR) on autophagy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells.
METHODS
Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay were performed to investigate the effects of the compounds on autophagic flux in A549 cells. The pathway inhibitor and siRNA interference were used to investigate the mechanism of PR. MTT assay was performed to detect cell viability.
RESULTS
PR treatment upregulated the expression of phosphatidylethanolamine-modified microtubule-associated protein Light-Chain 3 (LC3-II) in A549 cells. Immunofluorescence assay showed that PR treatment increased the production of red-fluorescent puncta in mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid-transfected cells, indicating PR promoted autophagic flux in A549 cells. PR treatment activated the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling pathway while it did not affect the classical Akt/mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 or siRNA targeting JNK or c-Jun suppressed PR-induced autophagy. In addition, cotreatment with the autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) or inhibition of the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway increased PR-induced cytotoxicity.
CONCLUSION
PR induced cytoprotective autophagy in NSCLC A549 cells via the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway, and autophagy inhibition could further improve the anti-cancer potential of PR.
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