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Volpiano CG, Sant'Anna FH, da Mota FF, Sangal V, Sutcliffe I, Munusamy M, Saravanan VS, See-Too WS, Passaglia LMP, Rosado AS. Proposal of Carbonactinosporaceae fam. nov. within the class Actinomycetia. Reclassification of Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus as Carbonactinospora thermoautotrophica gen. nov., comb. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 2021; 44:126223. [PMID: 34157595 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus UBT1T has been suggested to merit generic status due to its phylogenetic placement and distinctive phenotypes among Actinomycetia. To evaluate whether 'S. thermoautotrophicus' represents a higher taxonomic rank, 'S. thermoautotrophicus' strains UBT1T and H1 were compared to Actinomycetia using 16S rRNA gene sequences and comparative genome analyses. The UBT1T and H1 genomes each contain at least two different 16S rRNA sequences, which are closely related to those of Acidothermus cellulolyticus (order Acidothermales). In multigene-based phylogenomic trees, UBT1T and H1 typically formed a sister group to the Streptosporangiales-Acidothermales clade. The Average Amino Acid Identity, Percentage of Conserved Proteins, and whole-genome Average Nucleotide Identity (Alignment Fraction) values were ≤58.5%, ≤48%, ≤75.5% (0.3) between 'S. thermoautotrophicus' and Streptosporangiales members, all below the respective thresholds for delineating genera. The values for genomics comparisons between strains UBT1T and H1 with Acidothermales, as well as members of the genus Streptomyces, were even lower. A review of the 'S. thermoautotrophicus' proteomic profiles and KEGG orthology demonstrated that UBT1T and H1 present pronounced differences, both tested and predicted, in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics compared to its sister clades and Streptomyces. The distinct phylogenetic position and the combination of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics justify the proposal of Carbonactinospora gen. nov., with the type species Carbonactinospora thermoautotrophica comb. nov. (type strain UBT1T, = DSM 100163T = KCTC 49540T) belonging to Carbonactinosporaceae fam. nov. within Actinomycetia.
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Nascimento Gomes AP, Cesário CS, Olifiers N, de Cassia Bianchi R, Maldonado A, Vilela RDV. New morphological and genetic data of Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (Diesing, 1851) (Acanthocephala: Archiacanthocephala) in the giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019; 10:281-288. [PMID: 31867208 PMCID: PMC6906829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (Diesing, 1851) is a parasite of anteaters in South America. Although described by Diesing in 1851, there is still a lack of taxonomic and phylogenetic information regarding this species. In the present study, we redescribe G. echinodiscus collected from a giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758, from the Brazilian Cerrado (Savannah) in the State of São Paulo by light and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, phylogenies were inferred from partial DNA gene sequence of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (28S rRNA). We provide for the first time details of the proboscis with a crown having 18 large hooks and numerous small hooks, a lateral papilla at the base of the proboscis, a ringed pseudo-segmented body, large testes, cemented glands in pairs, and a non-segmented region in the posterior end of the body, which contributed to the diagnosis of the species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered G. echinodiscus forming a well-supported monophyletic group with Mediorhynchus sp., which was congruent with morphological studies that allocate both genera within the family Gigantorhynchidae. In conclusion, the present work adds new morphological and molecular information, emphasizing the importance of adopting integrative taxonomic approaches in studies of Acanthocephala. Redescription of Gigantorhynchus echinodischus from Brazilian giant anteater. First molecular data of the genus Gigantorhynchus with 28S rRNA partial gene. Phylogenetic relationships of Gigantorhynchidae are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Nascimento Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestre Reservatório, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 21045-900, Brazil.,Pós Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clarice Silva Cesário
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Natalie Olifiers
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rua Ibituruna, 108, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20271-901, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Bianchi
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestre Reservatório, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto do Val Vilela
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestre Reservatório, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 21045-900, Brazil
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Gross F, Kranke N, Meunier R. Pluralization through epistemic competition: scientific change in times of data-intensive biology. Hist Philos Life Sci 2019; 41:1. [PMID: 30603778 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-018-0239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present two case studies from contemporary biology in which we observe conflicts between established and emerging approaches. The first case study discusses the relation between molecular biology and systems biology regarding the explanation of cellular processes, while the second deals with phylogenetic systematics and the challenge posed by recent network approaches to established ideas of evolutionary processes. We show that the emergence of new fields is in both cases driven by the development of high-throughput data generation technologies and the transfer of modeling techniques from other fields. New and emerging views are characterized by different philosophies of nature, i.e. by different ontological and methodological assumptions and epistemic values and virtues. This results in a kind of conflict we call "epistemic competition" that manifests in two ways: On the one hand, opponents engage in mutual critique and defense of their fundamental assumptions. On the other hand, they compete for the acceptance and integration of the knowledge they provide by a broader scientific community. Despite an initial rhetoric of replacement, the views as well as the respective audiences come to be seen as more clearly distinct during the course of the debate. Hence, we observe-contrary to many other accounts of scientific change-that conflict results in the formation of new niches of research, leading to co-existence and perceived complementarity of approaches. Our model thus contributes to the understanding of the pluralization of the scientific landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fridolin Gross
- Institut für Philosophie, Universität Kassel, Henschelstr. 2, 34127, Kassel, Germany
| | - Nina Kranke
- Philosophisches Seminar, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domplatz 23, 48143, Münster, Germany.
| | - Robert Meunier
- Institut für Philosophie, Universität Kassel, Henschelstr. 2, 34127, Kassel, Germany
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Velez-Juarbe J. Eotaria citrica, sp. nov., a new stem otariid from the "Topanga" formation of Southern California. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3022. [PMID: 28243536 PMCID: PMC5326546 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new taxon of stem otariid, Eotaria citrica sp. nov., is described from the upper Burdigalian to lower Langhian “Topanga” formation of Orange County, California. The new species is described from mandibular and dental remains that show a unique combination of plesiomorphic and derived characters. Specifically, it is characterized by having trenchant and prominent paraconid cusps in p3–m1, lingual cingula of p2–4 with faint crenulations, premolars and molars with vestigial metaconid, bilobed root of m2 and a genial tuberosity located under p3. Furthermore, additional material of the contemporaneous Eotaria crypta is described, providing new information on the morphology of this taxon. Both species of Eotaria represent the earliest stem otariids, reinforcing the hypothesis that the group originated in the north Eastern Pacific Region. At present, the “Topanga” Fm. pinniped fauna includes Eotaria citrica, Eotaria crypta, the desmatophocid Allodesmus sp., the odobenids Neotherium sp., Pelagiarctos sp. and includes the oldest records of crown pinnipeds in California. Overall this pinniped fauna is similar to the nearly contemporaneous Sharktooth Hill bonebed. However, unambiguous records of Eotaria are still missing from Sharktooth Hill. This absence may be due to taphonomic or paleoenvironmental factors. The new “Topanga” record presented here was integrated into an overview of the late Oligocene through early Pleistocene pinniped faunas of Southern California. The results show an overall increase in body size over time until the Pleistocene. Furthermore, desmatophocids were the largest pinnipeds during the middle Miocene, but were extinct by the beginning of the late Miocene. Odobenids diversified and became the dominant pinnipeds in late Miocene through Pleistocene assemblages, usually approaching or exceeding 3 m in body length, while otariids remained as the smallest taxa. This pattern contrasts with modern assemblages, in which the phocid Mirounga angustirostris is the largest pinniped taxon in the region, odobenids are extinct and medium and small size ranges are occupied by otariids or other phocids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Velez-Juarbe
- Department of Mammalogy, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
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