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Xu J, Church SJ, Patassini S, Begley P, Kellett KAB, Vardy ERLC, Unwin RD, Hooper NM, Cooper GJS. Plasma metals as potential biomarkers in dementia: a case-control study in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Biometals 2018; 31:267-276. [PMID: 29516299 PMCID: PMC5978903 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes the most prevalent form of age-related dementia but its pathogenesis remains obscure. Altered regulation of metals, particularly pan-cerebral copper deficiency, and more regionally-localized perturbation of other metals, are prominent in AD brain although data on how these CNS perturbations are reflected in the peripheral bloodstream are inconsistent to date. To assess the potential use of metal dysregulation to generate biomarkers in AD, we performed a case-control study of seven essential metals and selenium, measured by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry, in samples from AD and matched control cases. Metals were sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper. In the whole study-group and in female participants, plasma metal levels did not differ between cases and controls. In males by contrast, there was moderate evidence that zinc levels trended towards increase in AD [10.8 (10.2-11.5)] µmol/L, mean (± 95% CI; P = 0.021) compared with controls [10.2 (9.6-10.4)]. Thus alterations in plasma zinc levels differed between genders in AD. In correlational analysis, there was evidence for an increased number of 'strong' metal co-regulations in AD cases and differential co-modulations of metal pairs: copper-sodium (Rcontrol = - 0.03, RAD = 0.65; P = 0.009), and copper-calcium (Rcontrol = - 0.01, RAD = 0.65; P = 0.01) were significant in AD males, potentially consistent with reported evidence for dysregulation of copper in severely damaged brain regions in AD. In conclusion, our data suggest that the measurement of metals co-regulation in plasma may provide a useful representation of those metal perturbations taking place in the AD brain and therefore might be useful as plasma-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Xu
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefano Patassini
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Begley
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Katherine A B Kellett
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma R L C Vardy
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Rm 3.08, Core Technology Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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