De novo Pure Partial Trisomy 6p Associated with Facial Dysmorphism, Developmental Delay, Brain Anomalies, and Primary Congenital Hypothyroidism

Introduction

Partial trisomy 6p is a rare chromosomal anomaly, characterized by low birth weight, developmental delay, craniofacial abnormalities, feeding difficulties, congenital heart defects, and renal abnormalities. Some of the partial trisomy 6p cases reported in the literature included partial monosomy of another chromosome. This is often due to the fact that one of the parents is a balanced translocation carrier, thereby making it difficult to determine the genotype-phenotype relationship. Pure partial trisomy 6p cases are even rarer and may occur as a result of a marker chromosome, tandem or inverted duplication, and interchromosomal insertion.

Case Presentation

In this study, we evaluated the physical characteristics and genetic data of a 2-year-old girl with developmental delay and facial dysmorphic features. Dysmorphology assessment revealed the presence of a prominent forehead, short and narrow palpebral fissures, blepharoptosis, convex nasal ridge, hemangioma on the left eyelid, high-arched palate, retromicrognathia, and low-set ears. The patient‧s G-banded karyotype was 46,XX,der(2)t(2;6)(q37.3;p22.1). Upon SNP-array analysis, aimed to determine the origin of the extra chromosomal material detected in chromosome 2 of the patient, there was a de novo 27.5-Mb duplication at 6p, arr[GRCh37] 6p25.3p22.1(204,909_27,835,272)×3, interpreted to be pathogenic.

Conclusion

We present this case report to clarify the clinical findings of a rare chromosomal anomaly, discuss the genes that may be related to the phenotype and contribute to the literature in terms of knowledge regarding genotype-phenotype correlation.