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Madumarov AS, Aksenov NV, Bozhikov GA, Astakhov AA, Albin YV, Bulavin MV, Shabalin EP, Dmitriev SN. Study of activation cross sections of double neutron capture reaction on 193Ir for the reactor production route of radiotherapeutic 195mPt. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 134-135:108928. [PMID: 38776715 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The radiotherapeutic 195mPt is among the most effective Auger electron emitters of the currently studied radionuclides that have a potential theranostic application in nuclear medicine. Production of 195mPt through double neuron capture of enriched 193Ir followed by β--decay to the radioisotope of interest carried out at the research reactor IBR-2 is described. Because of the high radiation background, radiochemical purification procedure of 195mPt from bulk of iridium was needed to be developed and is detailed here as well. For the first time, cross section and resonance integral for the reaction 194Ir(n,γ)195mIr were determined. Resonance neutrons contribution was established to exceed that of thermal neutrons, and resonance integral for the reaction 194Ir(n,γ)195mIr is calculated to be 2900 b. Specific activity of 195mPt was estimated to reach a value of 38.7 GBq/(g Pt) at IBR-2 by the end of bombardment (EOB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Madumarov
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
| | - Nikolay V Aksenov
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
| | - Gospodin A Bozhikov
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Astakhov
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
| | - Yury V Albin
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
| | - Maksim V Bulavin
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Evgeny P Shabalin
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
| | - Sergey N Dmitriev
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
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Tosato M, Gandini A, Happel S, Bas M, Donzella A, Zenoni A, Salvini A, Andrighetto A, Di Marco V, Asti M. Chromatographic separation of silver-111 from neutron-irradiated palladium target: toward direct labeling of radiotracers. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:43. [PMID: 38123869 PMCID: PMC10733254 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver-111 is a promising β--emitting radioisotope with ideal characteristics for targeted radionuclide therapy and associated single photon emission tomography imaging. Its decay properties closely resemble the clinically established lutetium-177, making it an attractive candidate for therapeutic applications. In addition, the clinical value of silver-111 is further enhanced by the existence of the positron-emitting counterpart silver-103, thus imparting a truly theranostic potential to this element. A so-fitting matching pair could potentially overcome the current limitations associated with the forced use of chemically different isotopes as imaging surrogates of lutetium-177, leading to more accurate and efficient diagnosis and treatment. However, the use of silver-111-based radiopharmaceuticals in vivo has faced obstacles due to the challenges related to its production and radiochemical separation from the target material. To address these issues, this study aims to implement a chromatographic separation methodology for the purification of reactor-produced silver-111. The ultimate goal is to achieve a ready-to-use formulation for the direct radiolabeling of tumour-seeking biomolecules. RESULTS A two-step sequence chromatographic process was validated for cold Ag-Pd separation and then translated to the radioactive counterpart. Silver-111 was produced via the 110Pd(n,γ)111Pd nuclear reaction on a natural palladium target and the subsequent β--decay of palladium-111. Silver-111 was chemically separated from the metallic target via the implemented chromatographic process by using commercially available LN and TK200 resins. The effectiveness of the separations was assessed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and γ-spectrometry, respectively, and the Ag+ retrieval was afforded in pure water. Recovery of silver-111 was > 90% with a radionuclidic purity > 99% and a separation factor of around 4.21·10-4. CONCLUSIONS The developed separation method was suitable to obtain silver-111 with high molar activity in a ready-to-use water-based formulation that can be directly employed for the labeling of radiotracers. By successfully establishing a robust and efficient production and purification method for silver-111, this research paves the way for its wider application in targeted radionuclide therapy and precision imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL di Reggio Emilia: Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Gandini
- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marine Bas
- TrisKem International SAS, 35170, Brittany, France
| | - Antonietta Donzella
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Pavia Section, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Zenoni
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Pavia Section, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvini
- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Andrighetto
- Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Legnaro National Laboratories, 35020, Legnaro, (Padova), Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL di Reggio Emilia: Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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3
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Sadler AWE, Hogan L, Fraser B, Rendina LM. Cutting edge rare earth radiometals: prospects for cancer theranostics. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:21. [PMID: 36018527 PMCID: PMC9418400 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With recent advances in novel approaches to cancer therapy and imaging, the application of theranostic techniques in personalised medicine has emerged as a very promising avenue of research inquiry in recent years. Interest has been directed towards the theranostic potential of Rare Earth radiometals due to their closely related chemical properties which allow for their facile and interchangeable incorporation into identical bifunctional chelators or targeting biomolecules for use in a diverse range of cancer imaging and therapeutic applications without additional modification, i.e. a “one-size-fits-all” approach. This review will focus on recent progress and innovations in the area of Rare Earth radionuclides for theranostic applications by providing a detailed snapshot of their current state of production by means of nuclear reactions, subsequent promising theranostic capabilities in the clinic, as well as a discussion of factors that have impacted upon their progress through the theranostic drug development pipeline. Main body In light of this interest, a great deal of research has also been focussed towards certain under-utilised Rare Earth radionuclides with diverse and favourable decay characteristics which span the broad spectrum of most cancer imaging and therapeutic applications, with potential nuclides suitable for α-therapy (149Tb), β−-therapy (47Sc, 161Tb, 166Ho, 153Sm, 169Er, 149Pm, 143Pr, 170Tm), Auger electron (AE) therapy (161Tb, 135La, 165Er), positron emission tomography (43Sc, 44Sc, 149Tb, 152Tb, 132La, 133La), and single photon emission computed tomography (47Sc, 155Tb, 152Tb, 161Tb, 166Ho, 153Sm, 149Pm, 170Tm). For a number of the aforementioned radionuclides, their progression from ‘bench to bedside’ has been hamstrung by lack of availability due to production and purification methods requiring further optimisation. Conclusions In order to exploit the potential of these radionuclides, reliable and economical production and purification methods that provide the desired radionuclides in high yield and purity are required. With more reactors around the world being decommissioned in future, solutions to radionuclide production issues will likely be found in a greater focus on linear accelerator and cyclotron infrastructure and production methods, as well as mass separation methods. Recent progress towards the optimisation of these and other radionuclide production and purification methods has increased the feasibility of utilising Rare Earth radiometals in both preclinical and clinical settings, thereby placing them at the forefront of radiometals research for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leena Hogan
- ANSTO Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Benjamin Fraser
- ANSTO Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Avila-Rodriguez MA, Jalilian AR, Korde A, Schlyer D, Haji-Saeid M, Paez J, Perez-Pijuan S. Current status on cyclotron facilities and related infrastructure supporting PET applications in Latin America and the Caribbean. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:14. [PMID: 35697950 PMCID: PMC9192862 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the results of a survey conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency on cyclotrons and related infrastructure used for radionuclide and radiopharmaceutical production which are supporting PET imaging applications in Latin America and the Caribbean region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aruna Korde
- International Atomic Energy Agency, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Schlyer
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | | | - Jose Paez
- Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear, Lima, Perú
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Cisternino S, Cazzola E, Skliarova H, Amico J, Malachini M, Gorgoni G, Anselmi-Tamburini U, Esposito J. Target manufacturing by Spark Plasma Sintering for efficient 89Zr production. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 104-105:38-46. [PMID: 34856450 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zirconium-89 (89Zr) is an emerging radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET), with nuclear properties suitable for imaging slow biological processes in cellular targets. The 89Y(p,n)89Zr nuclear reaction is commonly exploited as the main production route with medical cyclotrons accelerating low-energy (< 20 MeV) and low-current (< 100 μA) proton beams. Usually, natural yttrium solid targets manufactured by different methods, including yttrium electrodeposition, yttrium sputtering, compressed yttrium powders, and foils, were employed. In this study, the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique has been investigated, for the first time, to manufacture yttrium solid targets for an efficient 89Zr radionuclide yield. The natural yttrium disc was bonded to a niobium backing plate using a commercial SPS apparatus and a prototype machine assembled at the University of Pavia. The resulting targets were irradiated in a TR19 cyclotron with a 12 MeV proton beam at 50 μA. A dedicated dissolution module, obtained from a commercial system, was used to develop an automated process for the purification and recovery of the produced 89Zr radionuclide. The production yield and recovery efficiency were measured and compared to 89Zr produced by irradiating standard yttrium foils. SPS manufactured targets withstand an average heat power density of approximately 650 W∙cm-2 for continuous irradiation up to 5 h without visible damage. A saturation yield of 14.12 ± 0.38 MBq/μAh was measured. The results showed that the obtained 89Zr production yield and quality were comparable to similar data obtained using standard yttrium foil targets. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates that the SPS technique might be a suitable technical manufacturing solution aimed at high-yield 89Zr radioisotope production.
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Favaretto C, Talip Z, Borgna F, Grundler PV, Dellepiane G, Sommerhalder A, Zhang H, Schibli R, Braccini S, Müller C, van der Meulen NP. Cyclotron production and radiochemical purification of terbium-155 for SPECT imaging. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:37. [PMID: 34778932 PMCID: PMC8590989 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Terbium-155 [T1/2 = 5.32 d, Eγ = 87 keV (32%) 105 keV (25%)] is an interesting radionuclide suitable for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with potential application in the diagnosis of oncological disease. It shows similar decay characteristics to the clinically established indium-111 and would be a useful substitute for the diagnosis and prospective dosimetry with biomolecules that are afterwards labeled with therapeutic radiolanthanides and pseudo-radiolanthanides, such as lutetium-177 and yttrium-90. Moreover, terbium-155 could form part of the perfect “matched pair” with the therapeutic radionuclide terbium-161, making the concept of true radiotheragnostics a reality. The aim of this study was the investigation of the production of terbium-155 via the 155Gd(p,n)155Tb and 156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reactions and its subsequent purification, in order to obtain a final product in quantity and quality sufficient for preclinical application. The 156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reaction was performed with 72 MeV protons (degraded to ~ 23 MeV), while the 155Gd(p,n)155Tb reaction was degraded further to ~ 10 MeV, as well as performed at an 18 MeV medical cyclotron, to demonstrate its feasibility of production. Result The 156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reaction demonstrated higher production yields of up to 1.7 GBq, however, lower radionuclidic purity when compared to the final product (~ 200 MBq) of the 155Gd(p,n)155Tb nuclear reaction. In particular, other radioisotopes of terbium were produced as side products. The radiochemical purification of terbium-155 from the target material was developed to provide up to 1.0 GBq product in a small volume (~ 1 mL 0.05 M HCl), suitable for radiolabeling purposes. The high chemical purity of terbium-155 was proven by radiolabeling experiments at molar activities up to 100 MBq/nmol. SPECT/CT experiments were performed in tumor-bearing mice using [155Tb]Tb-DOTATOC. Conclusion This study demonstrated two possible production routes for high activities of terbium-155 using a cyclotron, indicating that the radionuclide is more accessible than the exclusive mass-separated method previously demonstrated. The developed radiochemical purification of terbium-155 from the target material yielded [155Tb]TbCl3 in high chemical purity. As a result, initial cell uptake investigations, as well as SPECT/CT in vivo studies with [155Tb]Tb-DOTATOC, were successfully performed, indicating that the chemical separation produced a product with suitable quality for preclinical studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41181-021-00153-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Favaretto
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Z Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - F Borgna
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - P V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - G Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Sommerhalder
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - H Zhang
- Division Large Research Facilities, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - N P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland. .,Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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Feng Y, Zalutsky MR. Production, purification and availability of 211At: Near term steps towards global access. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 100-101:12-23. [PMID: 34144505 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising characteristics of the 7.2-h radiohalogen 211At have long been recognized; including having chemical properties suitable for labeling targeting vectors ranging from small organic molecules to proteins, and the emission of only one α-particle per decay, providing greater control over off-target effects. Unfortunately, the impact of 211At within the targeted α-particle therapy domain has been constrained by its limited availability. Paradoxically, the most commonly used production method - via the 209Bi(α,2n)211At reaction - utilizes a widely available natural material (bismuth) as the target and straightforward cyclotron irradiation methodology. On the other hand, the most significant impediment to widespread 211At availability is the need for an accelerator capable of generating ≥28 MeV α-particles with sufficient beam intensities to make clinically relevant levels of 211At. In this review, current methodologies for the production and purification of 211At - both by the direct production route noted above and via a 211Rn generator system - will be discussed. The capabilities of cyclotrons that currently produce 211At will be summarized and the characteristics of other accelerators that could be utilized for this purpose will be described. Finally, the logistics of networks, both academic and commercial, for facilitating 211At distribution to locations remote from production sites will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Feng
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Barrett KE, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Happel S, Olson AP, Kutyreff CJ, Ellison PA, Barnhart TE, Engle JW. Characterization of actinide resin for separation of 51,52gMn from bulk target material. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:19-26. [PMID: 33725498 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report an extraction chromatography-based method via Actinide Resin for the isolation of radio-manganese from both natural chromium and isotopically enriched iron targets for cyclotron production of 52gMn and 51Mn. For the separation of 52gMn from natCr, a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 83.7 ± 8.4% was achieved. For 51Mn from 54Fe, a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 78 ± 11% was achieved. This automatable method efficiently isolates both radionuclides from accelerator target material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall E Barrett
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53711, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53711, United States of America
| | - Steffen Happel
- TrisKem International, 3 Rue des Champs Géons ZAC de L'Éperon, 35170 Bruz, France
| | - Aeli P Olson
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53711, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Kutyreff
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53711, United States of America
| | - Paul A Ellison
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53711, United States of America
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53711, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53711, United States of America; University of Wisconsin, Department of Radiology, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America.
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Abstract
Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive studies on one individual and with high sensitivity, though no interference. Rather few positron-emitters with near favourable physical properties, i.e. carbon-11 and fluorine-18, furnished most studies in the beginning, preferably if covalently bound as isotopic label of small molecules. With the advancement of PET-devices the scope of in vivo research in life sciences and especially that of medical applications expanded, and other than "standard" PET-nuclides received increasing significance, like the radiometals copper-64 and gallium-68. Especially during the last decades, positron-emitters of other chemical elements have gotten into the focus of interest, concomitant with the technical advancements in imaging and radionuclide production. With known nuclear imaging properties and main production methods of emerging positron-emitters their usefulness for medical application is promising and even proven for several ones already. Unfortunate decay properties could be corrected for, and β+-emitters, especially with a longer half-life, provided new possibilities for application where slower processes are of importance. Further on, (bio)chemical features of positron-emitters of other elements, among there many metals, not only expanded the field of classical clinical investigations, but also opened up new fields of application. Appropriately labelled peptides, proteins and nanoparticles lend itself as newer probes for PET-imaging, e.g. in theragnostic or PET/MR hybrid imaging. Furthermore, the potential of non-destructive in-vivo imaging with positron-emission-tomography directs the view on further areas of life sciences. Thus, exploiting the excellent methodology for basic research on molecular biochemical functions and processes is increasingly encouraged as well in areas outside of health, such as plant and environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz H Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Ramogida CF, Robertson AKH, Jermilova U, Zhang C, Yang H, Kunz P, Lassen J, Bratanovic I, Brown V, Southcott L, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Radchenko V, Bénard F, Orvig C, Schaffer P. Evaluation of polydentate picolinic acid chelating ligands and an α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone derivative for targeted alpha therapy using ISOL-produced 225Ac. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:21. [PMID: 31659557 PMCID: PMC6684685 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinium-225 (225Ac, t1/2 = 9.9 d) is a promising candidate radionuclide for use in targeted alpha therapy (TAT), though the currently limited global supply has hindered the development of a suitable Ac-chelating ligand and 225Ac-radiopharmaceuticals towards the clinic. We at TRIUMF have leveraged our Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facility to produce 225Ac and use the resulting radioactivity to screen a number of potential 225Ac-radiopharmaceutical compounds. RESULTS MBq quantities of 225Ac and parent radium-225 (225Ra, t1/2 = 14.8 d) were produced and separated using solid phase extraction DGA resin, resulting in a radiochemically pure 225Ac product in > 98% yield and in an amenable form for radiolabeling of ligands and bioconjugates. Of the many polydentate picolinic acid ("pa") containing ligands evaluated (H4octapa [N4O4], H4CHXoctapa [N4O4], p-NO2-Bn-H4neunpa [N5O4], and H6phospa [N4O4]), all out-performed the current gold standard, DOTA for 225Ac radiolabeling ability at ambient temperature. Moreover, a melanocortin 1 receptor-targeting peptide conjugate, DOTA-modified cyclized α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (DOTA-CycMSH), was radiolabeled with 225Ac and proof-of-principle biodistribution studies using B16F10 tumour-bearing mice were conducted. At 2 h post-injection, tumour-to-blood ratios of 20.4 ± 3.4 and 4.8 ± 2.4 were obtained for the non-blocking (molar activity [M.A.] > 200 kBq/nmol) and blocking (M.A. = 1.6 kBq/nmol) experiment, respectively. CONCLUSION TRIUMF's ISOL facility is able to provide 225Ac suitable for preclinical screening of radiopharmaceutical compounds; [225Ac(octapa)]-, [225Ac(CHXoctapa)]-, and [225Ac(DOTA-CycMSH)] may be good candidates for further targeted alpha therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina F Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Andrew K H Robertson
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Una Jermilova
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Peter Kunz
- Accelerator Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Jens Lassen
- Accelerator Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Ivica Bratanovic
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Victoria Brown
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Lily Southcott
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, 600 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. .,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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11
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Riga S, Cicoria G, Pancaldi D, Zagni F, Vichi S, Dassenno M, Mora L, Lodi F, Morigi MP, Marengo M. Production of Ga-68 with a General Electric PETtrace cyclotron by liquid target. Phys Med 2018; 55:116-126. [PMID: 30473059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years the use of 68Ga (t1/2 = 67.84 min, β+: 88.88%) for the labelling of different PET radiopharmaceuticals has significantly increased. This work aims to evaluate the feasibility of the production of 68Ga via the 68Zn(p,n)68Ga reaction by proton irradiation of an enriched zinc solution, using a biomedical cyclotron, in order to satisfy its increasing demand. METHODS Irradiations of 1.7 Msolution of 68Zn(NO3)2 in 0.2 N HNO3 were conducted with a GE PETtrace cyclotron using a slightly modified version of the liquid target used for the production of fluorine-18. The proton beam energy was degraded to 12 MeV, in order to minimize the production of 67Ga through the68Zn(p,2n)67Ga reaction. The product's activity was measured using a calibrated activity meter and a High Purity Germanium gamma-ray detector. RESULTS The saturation yield of68Ga amounts to (330 ± 20) MBq/µA, corresponding to a produced activity of68Ga at the EOB of (4.3 ± 0.3) GBq in a typical production run at 46 µA for 32 min. The radionuclidic purity of the68Ga in the final product, after the separation, is within the limits of the European Pharmacopoeia (>99.9%) up to 3 h after the EOB. Radiochemical separation up to a yield not lower than 75% was obtained using an automated purification module. The enriched material recovery efficiency resulted higher than 80-90%. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this approach provides clinically relevant amounts of68Ga by cyclotron irradiation of a liquid target, as a competitive alternative to the current production through the68Ge/68Ga generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Riga
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital, S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Cicoria
- Medical Physics Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Pancaldi
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital, S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Zagni
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital, S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Vichi
- Nuclear Engineering Laboratory of Montecuccolino, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Dassenno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Mora
- PET Radiopharmacy Unit, University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Lodi
- PET Radiopharmacy Unit, University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Morigi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Marengo
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital, S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Synowiecki MA, Perk LR, Nijsen JFW. Production of novel diagnostic radionuclides in small medical cyclotrons. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2018; 3:3. [PMID: 29503860 PMCID: PMC5824710 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-018-0038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global network of cyclotrons has expanded rapidly over the last decade. The bulk of its industrial potential is composed of small medical cyclotrons with a proton energy below 20 MeV for radionuclides production. This review focuses on the recent developments of novel medical radionuclides produced by cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 MeV to 20 MeV. The production of the following medical radionuclides will be described based on available literature sources: Tc-99 m, I-123, I-124, Zr-89, Cu-64, Ga-67, Ga-68, In-111, Y-86 and Sc-44. Remarkable developments in the production process have been observed in only some cases. More research is needed to make novel radionuclide cyclotron production available for the medical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Adam Synowiecki
- Radboudumc, Radboud Translational Medicine B.V, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 142), 6525EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Rutger Perk
- Radboudumc, Radboud Translational Medicine B.V, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 142), 6525EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Frank W. Nijsen
- Radboudumc, Dept. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Domnanich KA, Eichler R, Müller C, Jordi S, Yakusheva V, Braccini S, Behe M, Schibli R, Türler A, van der Meulen NP. Production and separation of 43Sc for radiopharmaceutical purposes. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2017; 2:14. [PMID: 29503855 PMCID: PMC5824704 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-017-0033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The favorable decay properties of 43Sc and 44Sc for PET make them promising candidates for future applications in nuclear medicine. An advantage 43Sc (T1/2 = 3.89 h, Eβ+av = 476 keV [88%]) exhibits over 44Sc, however, is the absence of co-emitted high energy γ-rays. While the production and application of 44Sc has been comprehensively discussed, research concerning 43Sc is still in its infancy. This study aimed at developing two different production routes for 43Sc, based on proton irradiation of enriched 46Ti and 43Ca target material. Results 43Sc was produced via the 46Ti(p,α)43Sc and 43Ca(p,n)43Sc nuclear reactions, yielding activities of up to 225 MBq and 480 MBq, respectively. 43Sc was chemically separated from enriched metallic 46Ti (97.0%) and 43CaCO3 (57.9%) targets, using extraction chromatography. In both cases, ~90% of the final activity was eluted in a small volume of 700 μL, thereby, making it suitable for direct radiolabeling. The prepared products were of high radionuclidic purity, i.e. 98.2% 43Sc were achieved from the irradiation of 46Ti, whereas the product isolated from irradiated 43Ca consisted of 66.2% 43Sc and 33.3% 44Sc. A PET phantom study performed with 43Sc, via both nuclear reactions, revealed slightly improved resolution over 44Sc. In order to assess the chemical purity of the separated 43Sc, radiolabeling experiments were performed with DOTANOC, attaining specific activities of 5–8 MBq/nmol, respectively, with a radiochemical yield of >96%. Conclusions It was determined that higher 43Sc activities were accessible via the 43Ca production route, with a comparatively less complex target preparation and separation procedure. The product isolated from irradiated 46Ti, however, revealed purer 43Sc with minor radionuclidic impurities. Based on the results obtained herein, the 43Ca route features some advantages (such as higher yields and direct usage of the purchased target material) over the 46Ti path when aiming at 43Sc production on a routine basis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41181-017-0033-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Domnanich
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Eichler
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,4Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Jordi
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vera Yakusheva
- 5GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Saverio Braccini
- 6Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Behe
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,4Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Türler
- 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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14
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Zandi N, Afarideh H, Aboudzadeh MR, Rajabifar S. Study on a new design of Tehran Research Reactor for radionuclide production based on fast neutrons using MCNPX code. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 132:67-71. [PMID: 29169062 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to increase the magnitude of the fast neutron flux inside the flux trap where radionuclides are produced. For this purpose, three new designs of the flux trap are proposed and the obtained fast and thermal neutron fluxes compared with each other. The first and second proposed designs were a sealed cube contained air and D2O, respectively. The results of calculated production yield all indicated the superiority of the latter by a factor of 55% in comparison to the first proposed design. The third proposed design was based on changing the surrounding of the sealed cube by locating two fuel plates near that. In this case, the production yield increased up to 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zandi
- Department of Energy engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Afarideh
- Department of Energy engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Aboudzadeh
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O. Box 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rajabifar
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O. Box 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Famulari G, Urlich T, Armstrong A, Enger SA. Practical aspects of 153Gd as a radioactive source for use in brachytherapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 130:131-139. [PMID: 28963960 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the production, purification and immobilization techniques for a 153Gd brachytherapy source. We have investigated the maximum attainable specific activity of 153Gd through the irradiation of Gd2O3 enriched to 30.6% 152Gd at McMaster Nuclear Reactor. The advantage of producing 153Gd through this production pathway is the possibility to irradiate pre-sealed pellets of 152Gd enriched Gd2O3, thereby removing the need to perform chemical separation with large quantities of radio-impurities. However, small amounts of long-lived impurities are produced from the irradiation of enriched 152Gd targets due to traces of Eu in the sample. If the amount of impurities produced is deemed unacceptable, 153Gd can be isolated as an aqueous solution, chemically separated from impurities and loaded onto a sorbent with a high affinity for Gd before encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Famulari
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1.
| | - Tomas Urlich
- Department of Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Andrea Armstrong
- McMaster Nuclear Reactor (Isotope Development), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Shirin A Enger
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 2L9
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16
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Domnanich KA, Müller C, Benešová M, Dressler R, Haller S, Köster U, Ponsard B, Schibli R, Türler A, van der Meulen NP. 47Sc as useful β --emitter for the radiotheragnostic paradigm: a comparative study of feasible production routes. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2017; 2:5. [PMID: 29503846 PMCID: PMC5824697 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-017-0024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotheragnostics makes use of the same molecular targeting vectors, labeled either with a diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclide, ideally of the same chemical element. The matched pair of scandium radionuclides, 44Sc and 47Sc, satisfies the desired physical aspects for PET imaging and radionuclide therapy, respectively. While the production and application of 44Sc was extensively studied, 47Sc is still in its infancy. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate and compare two different methods of 47Sc production, based on the neutron irradiation of enriched 46Ca and 47Ti targets, respectively. Methods 47Sc was produced by thermal neutron irradiation of enriched 46Ca targets via the 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca → 47Sc nuclear reaction and by fast neutron irradiation of 47Ti targets via the 47Ti(n,p)47Sc nuclear reaction, respectively. The product was compared with regard to yield and radionuclidic purity. The chemical separation of 47Sc was optimized in order to obtain a product of sufficient quality determined by labeling experiments using DOTANOC. Finally, preclinical SPECT/CT experiments were performed in tumor-bearing mice and compared with the PET image of the 44Sc labeled counterpart. Results Up to 2 GBq 47Sc was produced by thermal neutron irradiation of enriched 46Ca targets. The optimized chemical isolation of 47Sc from the target material allowed formulation of up to 1.5 GBq 47Sc with high radionuclidic purity (>99.99%) in a small volume (~700 μL) useful for labeling purposes. Three consecutive separations were possible by isolating the in-grown 47Sc from the 46/47Ca-containing fraction. 47Sc produced by fast neutron irradiated 47Ti targets resulted in a reduced radionuclidic purity (99.95–88.5%). The chemical purity of the separated 47Sc was determined by radiolabeling experiments using DOTANOC achievable at specific activities of 10 MBq/nmol. In vivo the 47Sc-DOTANOC performed equal to 44Sc-DOTANOC as determined by nuclear imaging. Conclusion The production of 47Sc via the 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca nuclear reaction demonstrated significant advantages over the 47Ti production route, as it provided higher quantities of a radionuclidically pure product. The subsequent decay of 47Ca enabled the repeated separation of the 47Sc daughter nuclide from the 47Ca parent nuclide. Based on the results obtained from this work, 47Sc shows potential to be produced in suitable quality for clinical application. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41181-017-0024-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Domnanich
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,4Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Benešová
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,4Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rugard Dressler
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Haller
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ulli Köster
- 5Institut Laue-Langevin, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Roger Schibli
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,4Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Türler
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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17
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Luurtsema G, Boersma HH, Schepers M, de Vries AMT, Maas B, Zijlma R, de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH. Improved GMP-compliant multi-dose production and quality control of 6-[ 18F]fluoro-L-DOPA. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2016; 1:7. [PMID: 29564384 PMCID: PMC5843807 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-016-0009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (FDOPA) is a frequently used radiopharmaceutical for detecting neuroendocrine and brain tumors and for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. To meet the demand for FDOPA, a high-yield GMP-compliant production method is required. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the FDOPA production and quality control procedures to enable distribution of the radiopharmaceutical over distances. FDOPA was prepared by electrophilic fluorination of the trimethylstannyl precursor with [18F]F2, produced from [18O]2 via the double-shoot approach, leading to FDOPA with higher specific activity as compared to FDOPA which was synthesized, using [18F]F2 produced from 20Ne, leading to FDOPA with a lower specific activity. The quality control of the product was performed using a validated UPLC system and compared with quality control with a conventional HPLC system. Impurities were identified using UPLC-MS. Results The [18O]2 double-shoot radionuclide production method yielded significantly more [18F]F2 with less carrier F2 than the conventional method starting from 20Ne. After adjustment of radiolabeling parameters substantially higher amounts of FDOPA with higher specific activity could be obtained. Quality control by UPLC was much faster and detected more side-products than HPLC. UPLC-MS showed that the most important side-product was FDOPA-quinone, rather than 6-hydroxydopa as suggested by the European Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion The production and quality control of FDOPA were significantly improved by introducing the [18O]2 double-shoot radionuclide production method, and product analysis by UPLC, respectively. As a result, FDOPA is now routinely available for clinical practice and for distribution over distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H H Boersma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Schepers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A M T de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Maas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Zijlma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Braghirolli AMS, Waissmann W, da Silva JB, dos Santos GR. Production of iodine-124 and its applications in nuclear medicine. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 90:138-48. [PMID: 24747530 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, iodine-124 was not considered to be an attractive isotope for medical applications owing to its complex radioactive decay scheme, which includes several high-energy gamma rays. However, its unique chemical properties, and convenient half-life of 4.2 days indicated it would be only a matter of time for its frequent application to become a reality. The development of new medical imaging techniques, especially improvements in the technology of positron emission tomography (PET), such as the development of new detectors and signal processing electronics, has opened up new prospects for its application. With the increasing use of PET in medical oncology, pharmacokinetics, and drug metabolism, (124)I-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are now becoming one of the most useful tools for PET imaging, and owing to the convenient half-life of I-124, they can be used in PET scanners far away from the radionuclide production site. Thus far, the limited availability of this radionuclide has been an impediment to its wider application in clinical use. For example, sodium [(124)I]-iodide is potentially useful for diagnosis and dosimetry in thyroid disease and [(124)I]-M-iodobenzylguanidine ([(124)I]-MIBG) has enormous potential for use in cardiovascular imaging, diagnosis, and dosimetry of malignant diseases such as neuroblastoma, paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, and carcinoids. However, despite that potential, both are still not widely used. This is a typical scenario of a rising new star among the new PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria S Braghirolli
- Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, IEN-CNEN, Divisão de Radiofármacos, Rua Hélio de Almeida 75, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-906 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - William Waissmann
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Sáúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Batista da Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN-CNEN, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Campus UFMG, Pampulha, BH/MG CEP: 30161-970, Brazil.
| | - Gonçalo R dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, IEN-CNEN, Divisão de Radiofármacos, Rua Hélio de Almeida 75, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-906 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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19
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Elomaa VV, Jurttila J, Rajander J, Solin O. Automation of (64)Cu production at Turku PET Centre. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 89:74-8. [PMID: 24607531 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
At Turku PET Centre automation for handling solid targets for the production of (64)Cu has been built. The system consists of a module for moving the target from the irradiation position into a lead transport shield and a robotic-arm assisted setup for moving the target within radiochemistry laboratory. The main motivation for designing automation arises from radiation hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viki-Veikko Elomaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Jori Jurttila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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