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Tarsha MS, Narvaez D. Humanity's evolved nest and its relation to cardiac vagal regulation in the first years of life. Early Hum Dev 2024; 193:106033. [PMID: 38744000 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Evolved Developmental Niche (EDN) is a millions-year-old developmental system that matches the maturational schedule of the offspring, optimizing health. Every animal has a developmental niche. AIMS Humanity has fallen away from providing its EDN. Does it matter? STUDY DESIGN Several components of humanity's EDN were reviewed (breastfeeding, positive touch, allomothers, responsive care, free play) in relation to cardiac vagal nerve regulation, a signal of healthy development. Focal subjects were young children. OUTCOME MEASURES A review of research on the selected EDN components in relation to vagal nerve function was performed. Data were available for all but the allomother component, which is typically not measured by western researchers, although allomothers provide EDN components alongside parents. RESULTS Apart from the lack of research on allomother effects, all these EDN components have been shown to influence cardiac vagal regulation in young children. CONCLUSIONS Converging evidence suggests that providing the EDN in early life may not only support aspects of a child's primal health system, but bolster capacities for social health and wellness, the cornerstone of a positive life trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Tarsha
- Department of Psychology and the Kroc Institute for International Peace Research, University of Notre Dame, United States of America
| | - Darcia Narvaez
- Department of Psychology and the Kroc Institute for International Peace Research, University of Notre Dame, United States of America.
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2
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Huang L, Zhu Z, Cheng C, Gao Y. A parylene/graphene UV photodetector with ultrahigh responsivity and long term stability. Nanotechnology 2024. [PMID: 38744249 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad4b25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Long term stability, high responsivity, and fast response speed are essential for the commercialization of graphene photodetectors (GPDs). In this work, a parylene/graphene UV photodetector with long term stability, ultrahigh responsivity and fast response speed, is demonstrated. Parylene as a stable physical and chemical insulating layer reduces the environmental sensitivity of graphene, and enhances the performances of GPDs. In addition, utilizing bilayer electrodes reduces the buckling and damage of graphene after transferring. Parylene/graphene UV photodetector exhibits an ultrahigh responsivity of 5.82×10^5 A/W under 325 nm light irradiation at 1 V bias. Additionally, it shows a fast response speed of 17 μs, and a long term stability at 405 nm wavelength which is absent in the device without parylene. Parylene/graphene UV photodetector possesses superior performances. This paves the way to realize the commercial application of high-performance graphene hybrid photodetectors, and provides a practical method for maintaining the long term stability of two dimensional (2D) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Huang
- China Agricultural University, No. 17, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- China Agricultural University, No. 17, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Chuantong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.A35, QingHua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100864, CHINA
| | - Yang Gao
- China Agricultural University, No. 17, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
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3
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Gao Y, Zhao C, Pu K, He M, Cai W, Tang MC, Kang F, Yip HL, Wei G. Low-voltage-modulated perovskite/organic dual-band photodetectors for visible and near-infrared imaging. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1982-1990. [PMID: 36546208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Visible and near-infrared (NIR) light dual-band photodetectors (PDs) have potential applications in signal detection, bioimaging, optical communications and safety monitoring. Herein, we report an ultrafast perovskite/organic heterojunction dual-mode PD with a voltage-modulated photoresponse range in visible and NIR spectra. The PD, comprising a perovskite layer to absorb visible light (500-810 nm) and an organic bulk heterojunction layer for NIR light absorption (810-950 nm), exhibited a switchable spectral response in the visible or NIR bands. The voltage-modulated visible and NIR photoresponses of the PD were attributable to controlled charge photogeneration in perovskite and organic blend thin films under different bias polarities. The device exhibited peak responsivities of 93.5 and 102.2 mA/W in the visible and NIR bands, respectively; a high detectivity of 4.3 × 109 Jones (at forward bias of 0.7 V and incident 625 nm light) and 1.6 × 1012 Jones (at reverse bias of -1.5 V and incident 900 nm light); a fast microsecond response time; and a wide dynamic range (>120 dB) both in the visible mode and NIR mode. Also, this voltage-modulated dual-band PD shows promising applications in visible light and NIR imaging, which is proven by demonstrating a PD array with 25 pixels (5 × 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Kai Pu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Miao He
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wanqing Cai
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guodan Wei
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Abstract
Photodetectors fabricated from low-dimensional materials such as quantum dots, nanowires, and two-dimensional materials show tremendous promise based on reports of very high responsivities. However, it is not generally appreciated that maximizing the internal gain may compromise the detector performance at low light levels, reducing its sensitivity. Here, we show that for most low-dimensional photodetectors with internal gain the sensitivity is determined by the junction capacitance. Thanks to their extremely small junction capacitances and reduced charge screening, low-dimensional materials and devices provide clear advantages over bulk semiconductors in the pursuit of high-sensitivity photodetectors. This mini-review describes and validates a method to estimate the capacitance from external photoresponse measurements, providing a straightforward approach to extract the device sensitivity and benchmark against physical limits. This improved physical understanding can guide the design of low-dimensional photodetectors to effectively leverage their unique advantage and achieve sensitivities that can exceed that of the best existing photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Simone Bianconi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hooman Mohseni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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McDaniel J, Brady NC, Warren SF. Effectiveness of Responsivity Intervention Strategies on Prelinguistic and Language Outcomes for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Group and Single Case Studies. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:4783-4816. [PMID: 34779992 PMCID: PMC9556387 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single case research design (SCRD) studies of children with autism spectrum disorder that evaluate the effectiveness of responsivity intervention techniques for improving prelinguistic and/or language outcomes. Mean effect sizes were moderate and large for RCTs (33 studies; g = 0.36, 95% CI [0.21, 0.51]) and SCRD (34 studies; between-case standardized mean difference = 1.20, 95% CI [0.87, 1.54]) studies, respectively. Visual analysis (37 studies) revealed strong evidence of a functional relation for 45% of the opportunities and no evidence for 53%. Analyses of moderator effects and study quality are presented. Findings provide support for responsivity intervention strategies with more robust support for context-bound outcomes than more generalized outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena McDaniel
- Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, 3001 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7555, USA.
| | - Nancy C Brady
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences & Disorders, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Steven F Warren
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences & Disorders, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Rober P. The Dual Process of Intuitive Responsivity and Reflective Self-supervision: About the Therapist in Family Therapy Practice. Fam Process 2021; 60:1033-1047. [PMID: 33238036 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Psychotherapy research shows that-in individual therapy as in family therapy-some therapists are more effective than others. This highlights the crucial role the therapist plays in a client's improvement. Furthermore, it seems that training may make a difference, as deliberate practice can improve the therapist's effectiveness. In the context of the current renewed awareness of the importance of the person of the therapist in the psychotherapy field, this paper's focus is specifically on the therapist in family therapy practice. There is a long tradition of reflecting on the person of the therapist in the family therapy field, often inspired by the metaphor of the wounded healer. In contrast, focusing on the person op the therapist in the present moment of the therapy session is fairly new. In this paper, we use of the dual process models from cognitive psychology as a frame to reflect on the person of the therapist. We review these dual process models and propose that the intuitive responsivity of the therapist relies on the fast, implicit cognitive system (system 1) and the therapist's self-reflection on the slow, deliberate system (system 2). The therapist's actions in therapy practice then emerge moment-by-moment as an echo of the way these two cognitive systems balance each other. It is optimal if the therapist, attuned to the family's rhythm, can flexibly oscillate between the two systems. In the concluding comments of this paper, reflective questions are posed about what this perspective may mean for family therapy practice, training, and supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rober
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, UPC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Nunes JP, Pina FLC, Ribeiro AS, Cunha PM, Kassiano W, Costa BDV, Kunevaliki G, Nascimento MA, Carneiro NH, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Silva AM, Mayhew JL, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Responsiveness to muscle mass gain following 12 and 24 weeks of resistance training in older women. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1071-8. [PMID: 32447738 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors may influence the magnitude of individual responses to resistance training (RT). How the manipulation of training volume and frequency affects responsiveness level for muscle mass gain in older women has not been investigated. AIMS This study had the objective of identifying responders (RP) and non-responders (N-RP) older women for skeletal muscle mass (SMM) gain from a 12-week resistance training (RT) program. Additionally, we analyzed whether the N-RP could gain SMM with an increase in weekly training volume over 12 additional weeks of training. METHODS Thirty-nine older women (aged ≥ 60 years) completed 24 weeks of a whole-body RT intervention (eight exercises, 2-3×/week, 1-2 sets of 10-15 repetitions). SMM was estimated by DXA, and the responsive cut-off value was set at two times the standard error of measurement. Participants were considered as RP if they exceeded the cut-off value after a 12-week RT phase, while the N-RP were those who failed to reach the SMM cut-off. RESULTS Of the 22 participants considered to be N-RP, only 3 accumulated SMM gains (P = 0.250) that exceeded the cut-off point for responsiveness following 12 additional weeks of training, while 19 maintained or presented negative SMM changes. Of the 17 participants considered to be RP, all continued to gain SMM after the second 12-week RT phase. No significant correlation was observed between the changes in SMM and any baseline aspect of the participants. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that some older women are RP, while others are N-RP to SMM gains resulting from RT. Furthermore, the non-responsiveness condition was not altered by an increase of training volume and intervention duration while RP participants continue to increase SMM; it appears that RP continue to be RP, and N-RP continue to be N-RP.
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Fountain EN, Mahmoudi D. Mapping Juvenile Justice: Identifying Existing Structural Barriers to Accessing Probation Services. Am J Community Psychol 2021; 67:116-129. [PMID: 33249603 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The majority of justice-involved youth are placed on probation; however, many of those same youth struggle to comply with probation requirements and are subsequently confined. In Baltimore, 20% of newly committed youth were detained for violations of probation. While there are various reasons youth fail to comply with probation requirements, there have been recent calls to consider the impact of structural and spatial barriers to accessing probation programs and services. Centering the goals of community psychology, we aim to identify how existing structural barriers in Baltimore City may be contributing to social injustice through inequitable access to probation services for youth and their families. In this study, we take a novel, interdisciplinary approach to identify structural or spatial barriers facing justice-involved youth in Baltimore, MD. Specifically, we explore transportation barriers (i.e., vehicle access) and spatial disparities between youth residences and probation office locations. Our findings suggest that there are several barriers facing Baltimore's justice-involved youth that may impact access to and engagement with juvenile probation. Specifically, we found that 1 in 3 youths reside in areas with extremely low levels of vehicle access and where the median household income is 25% below the city median. We also find that the majority of youth live beyond walking distances; many would require lengthy transit commutes. These findings highlight the structural and spatial barriers facing justice-involved youth that may impact access to and engagement with probation services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Fountain
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dillon Mahmoudi
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhou J, Moldovan N, Stan L, Cai H, Czaplewski DA, López D. Approaching the Strain-Free Limit in Ultrathin Nanomechanical Resonators. Nano Lett 2020; 20:5693-5698. [PMID: 32530287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin mechanical structures are ideal building platforms to pursue the ultimate limit of nanomechanical resonators for applications in sensing, signal processing, and quantum physics. Unfortunately, as the thickness of the vibrating structures is reduced, the built-in strain of the structural materials plays an increased role in determining the mechanical performance of the devices. As a consequence, it is very challenging to fabricate resonators working in the modulus-dominant regime, where their dynamic behavior is exclusively determined by the device geometry. In this Letter, we report ultrathin doubly clamped nanomechanical resonators with aspect ratios as large as L/t ∼5000 and working in the modulus-dominant regime. We observed room temperature thermomechanically induced motion of multiple vibration modes with resonant frequencies closely matching the predicted values of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory under an axial strain of 6.3 × 10-8. The low strain of the devices enables a record frequency tuning ratio of more than 50 times. These results illustrate a new strategy for the quantitative design of nanomechanical resonators with unprecedented performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nicolaie Moldovan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Alcorix Company, Plainfield, Illinois 60544, United States
| | - Liliana Stan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Haogang Cai
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David A Czaplewski
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Daniel López
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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Shalev M, Hetzroni OE. Factors predicting school staff's responsivity toward students with intellectual and developmental disability and complex communication needs. Res Dev Disabil 2020; 102:103677. [PMID: 32388042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with significant intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are characterized by substantial language delays. Responsivity, the quantity and quality of the communication partner's responses to child's behaviors, is a key component in communication development. AIMS The aim of the study was to map multidimensional factors predicting school staff's responsivity toward communication of students with IDD with complex communication needs. METHOD Interactions between 120 school staff members and 43 students ages 9-16, were videotaped, during group and individual routine sessions in school. Staff's behaviors were transcribed and coded to form responsivity scores. Statistical tests were performed to map variables predicting staff's responsivity. RESULTS Analysis revealed the type of session (individual/group) as a main predictor of responsivity. Separate analysis of individual and group sessions revealed that while in the individual session students' speech level was the main predictor for responsivity, in group sessions, group size, number of sessions per week, staff's attitudes and students' disability level were among the variables predicting responsivity. CONCLUSIONS Results emphasize group setting as more complex where multidimensional factors influence the communication process, whereas students' speech ability is important in promoting staff's responsivity in individual sessions. Implications for designing conditions to promote responsivity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Shalev
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Orit E Hetzroni
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
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Kou J, Tian K, Chu C, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Feng Z, Zhang ZH. Optimization Strategy of 4H-SiC Separated Absorption Charge and Multiplication Avalanche Photodiode Structure for High Ultraviolet Detection Efficiency. Nanoscale Res Lett 2019; 14:396. [PMID: 31889233 PMCID: PMC6937367 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, parametric investigations on structural optimization are systematically made for 4H-SiC-based separated absorption charge and multiplication (SACM) avalanche ultraviolet photodiode (UV APD). According to our results, the breakdown voltage can be strongly affected by the thickness for the multiplication layer and the doping concentration for the charge control layer. The thickness for the n-type ohmic contact layer, the absorption layer, and the charge control layer can remarkably affect the light penetration depth, which correspondingly influences the number of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, and therefore the aforementioned layer thickness has a strong impact on the responsivity for SACM APD. For enhancing the responsivity of the APD, we require a reduced energy band barrier height at the interface of the optical absorption layer and the charge control layer, so that the promoted carrier transport into the multiplication layer can be favored. In addition, we investigate positive beveled mesas with smaller angles so as to reduce the electric field at the mesa edge. Thus, the dark current is correspondingly suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices of Tianjin, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - KangKai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices of Tianjin, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshuang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices of Tianjin, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices of Tianjin, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingye Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of ASIC, Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihong Feng
- National Key Laboratory of ASIC, Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices of Tianjin, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
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Tan L, Liu B, Siemensmeyer K, Glebe U, Böker A. Synthesis of thermo-responsive nanocomposites of superparamagnetic cobalt nanoparticles/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 526:124-134. [PMID: 29729424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel nanocomposites of superparamagnetic cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were fabricated through surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). We firstly synthesized a functional ATRP initiator, containing an amine (as anchoring group) and a 2-bromopropionate group (SI-ATRP initiator). Oleic acid- and trioctylphosphine oxide-coated Co NPs were then modified with the initiator via ligand exchange. The process is facile and rapid for efficient surface functionalization and afterwards the Co NPs can be dispersed into polar solvent DMF without aggregation. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering measurements confirmed the success of ligand exchange. The following polymerization of NIPAM was conducted on the surface of Co NPs. Temperature-dependent dynamic light scattering study showed the responsive behavior of PNIPAM-coated Co NPs. The combination of superparamagnetic and thermo-responsive properties in these hybrid nanoparticles is promising for future applications e.g. in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bing Liu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100864 Beijing, China
| | | | - Ulrich Glebe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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13
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Shire SY, Gulsrud A, Kasari C. Increasing Responsive Parent-Child Interactions and Joint Engagement: Comparing the Influence of Parent-Mediated Intervention and Parent Psychoeducation. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 46:1737-47. [PMID: 26797940 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing immediate and contingent responding by caregivers to children's signals is an important strategy to support social interactions between caregivers and their children with autism. Yet, there has been limited examination of parents' responsive behaviour in association with children's social behaviour post caregiver-mediated intervention. Eighty-five dyads were randomized to one of two 10-week caregiver-training interventions. Parent-child play interactions were coded for parental responsivity and children's joint engagement. Significant gains in responsivity and time jointly engaged were found post JASPER parent-mediated intervention over a psychoeducation intervention. Further, combining higher levels of responsive behaviour with greater adoption of intervention strategies was associated with greater time jointly engaged. Findings encourage a focus on enhancing responsive behaviour in parent-mediated intervention models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y Shire
- Department of Psychiatry, 67-448 Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - Amanda Gulsrud
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Connie Kasari
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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14
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Abstract
Photoconductivities in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layered nanostructures with two-hexagonal crystalline structure prepared by mechanical exfoliation were investigated. The photoconductor-type MoS2 nanoflakes exhibit remarkable photoresponse under the above bandgap excitation wavelength of 532 nm at different optical intensity. The photocurrent responsivity and photoconductive gain of nanoflakes can reach, respectively, 30 AW(-1) and 103 at the intensity of 50 Wm(-2), which are several orders of magnitude higher than those of their bulk counterparts. The vacuum-enhanced photocurrent and power-independent responsivity/gain indicate a surface-controlled photoconduction mechanism in the MoS2 nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chu Shen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-San Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Sheng Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
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15
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McLeod GFH, Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM, Boden JM. Life-stress and reactivity by gender in a longitudinal birth cohort at 30 and 35 years. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:1385-1394. [PMID: 27306748 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous literature has shown gender differences in reactivity to stressful life events. However, it is unclear whether gender differences in stress reactivity are consistent across a series of life event domains among longitudinal adult sample populations. METHODS Data were gathered from the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS). The CHDS is a longitudinal birth cohort of 1265 children born in 1977 in Christchurch, New Zealand. Cohort members were questioned on their experience of, and distress from, a series of life event domains (interpersonal problems; victimization; illness/death; pregnancy/parenthood; employment/finance problems) spanning two age-periods 25-30 years (data collected in 2007) and 30-35 years (data collected in 2012). The data were pooled across observations and analyzed using population-averaged repeated-measures regression methods. RESULTS Overall, men and women reported experiencing similar numbers of life events for each domain. However, men reported more victimization and more employment/financial problems; women reported more illness/death events. Women reported experiencing more distress per life event for the domains of interpersonal problems, illness/death and pregnancy/parenthood. Men and women reported similar distress per life event for the victimization and employment/finance domains. The results were robust to control for: child and adolescent factors (childhood abuse exposure; adolescent personality; mental health) and adult factors (mental health; self-esteem). CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with a growing body of evidence indicating that some life events including interpersonal problems, illness/death and pregnancy/parenthood may be intrinsically more distressing for women. Detection of life event distress is important to aid in the prevention of mental/physical health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine F H McLeod
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand. .,Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - L J Horwood
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D M Fergusson
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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16
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Hsiao HT, Ni IC, Tzeng SD, Lin WF, Lin CH. The n-type Ge photodetectors with gold nanoparticles deposited to enhance the responsivity. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:640. [PMID: 25489291 PMCID: PMC4256966 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been deposited on n-type Ge photodetectors to improve the responsivity. Two different coverage ratios, including 10.5 and 30.3% of AuNPs have been prepared, and the fabricated photodetectors are compared with the control sample. The 1,310-nm responsivities at -2 V of the control, 10.5% AuNPs, and 30.3% AuNPs samples are 465, 556, and 623 mA/W, respectively. The AuNPs could increase the responsivities due to the plasmon resonance. The reflectance spectra of these samples have been measured to verify that plasmon resonance contributes to the forward scattering of incident light. The reflectance decreases with AuNP deposition, and a denser coverage results in a smaller reflectance. The smaller reflectance indicates more light could penetrate into the Ge active layer, and it results in a larger responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tse Hsiao
- Department of Opto-electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Der Tzeng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Lin
- Department of Opto-electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Opto-electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
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