A macromolecule infliximab loaded reverse nanomicelles-based transdermal hydrogel: An innovative approach against rheumatoid arthritis

Infliximab (IFX) is used as a biotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, its biological activity is lost orally because of variations in gastric pH and enzymatic degradation, and reduced bioavailability. The authors have tried to improve the efficacy of macromolecule delivery through transdermal route. Polycaprolactone-Polyethylene glycol-Polycaprolactone (PCL-PEG-PCL) triblock copolymer previously synthesized and was used as an efficient carrier for the preparation of IFX loaded reverse nanomicelles (IFX-RNMs). The RNMs were fabricated via nanoprecipitation technique, characterized and then were incorporated into a Carbopol-based hydrogel with eucalyptus oil (EO) as a penetration enhancer. The optimized RNMs had a particle size of 72.32 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 83 %. In vitro release, exhibited a sustained pattern of IFX from the prepared carrier system, ex-vivo skin permeation and fluorescence microscopic studies revealed that IFX-RNMs loaded hydrogel with EO markedly improved permeation. An in vivo study was carried out on a CFA-induced RA mice model that revealed significant improvements in the results of behavioral parameters, biochemical assays, histopathological and radiological analysis. Overall, the results concluded that the IFX-RNMs loaded hydrogel can be used as a suitable approach for treating RA.