1
|
Ouyang H, Wu S, Li W, Grey MJ, Wu W, Hansen SH. p120 RasGAP and ZO-2 are essential for Hippo signaling and tumor-suppressor function mediated by p190A RhoGAP. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113486. [PMID: 37995182 PMCID: PMC10809936 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ARHGAP35, which encodes p190A RhoGAP (p190A), is a major cancer gene. p190A is a tumor suppressor that activates the Hippo pathway. p190A was originally cloned via direct binding to p120 RasGAP (RasGAP). Here, we determine that interaction of p190A with the tight-junction-associated protein ZO-2 is dependent on RasGAP. We establish that both RasGAP and ZO-2 are necessary for p190A to activate large tumor-suppressor (LATS) kinases, elicit mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, promote contact inhibition of cell proliferation, and suppress tumorigenesis. Moreover, RasGAP and ZO-2 are required for transcriptional modulation by p190A. Finally, we demonstrate that low ARHGAP35 expression is associated with shorter survival in patients with high, but not low, transcript levels of TJP2 encoding ZO-2. Hence, we define a tumor-suppressor interactome of p190A that includes ZO-2, an established constituent of the Hippo pathway, and RasGAP, which, despite strong association with Ras signaling, is essential for p190A to activate LATS kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Ouyang
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wangji Li
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Grey
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenchao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Steen H Hansen
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chetty AK, Ha BH, Boggon TJ. Rho family GTPase signaling through type II p21-activated kinases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:598. [PMID: 36401658 PMCID: PMC10105373 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Signaling from the Rho family small GTPases controls a wide range of signaling outcomes. Key among the downstream effectors for many of the Rho GTPases are the p21-activated kinases, or PAK group. The PAK family comprises two types, the type I PAKs (PAK1, 2 and 3) and the type II PAKs (PAK4, 5 and 6), which have distinct structures and mechanisms of regulation. In this review, we discuss signal transduction from Rho GTPases with a focus on the type II PAKs. We discuss the role of PAKs in signal transduction pathways and selectivity of Rho GTPases for PAK family members. We consider the less well studied of the Rho GTPases and their PAK-related signaling. We then discuss the molecular basis for kinase domain recognition of substrates and for regulation of signaling. We conclude with a discussion of the role of PAKs in cross talk between Rho family small GTPases and the roles of PAKs in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin K Chetty
- Yale College, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Byung Hak Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grolez GP, Chinigò G, Barras A, Hammadi M, Noyer L, Kondratska K, Bulk E, Oullier T, Marionneau-Lambot S, Le Mée M, Rétif S, Lerondel S, Bongiovanni A, Genova T, Roger S, Boukherroub R, Schwab A, Fiorio Pla A, Gkika D. TRPM8 as an Anti-Tumoral Target in Prostate Cancer Growth and Metastasis Dissemination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126672. [PMID: 35743115 PMCID: PMC9224463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fight against prostate cancer (PCa), TRPM8 is one of the most promising clinical targets. Indeed, several studies have highlighted that TRPM8 involvement is key in PCa progression because of its impact on cell proliferation, viability, and migration. However, data from the literature are somewhat contradictory regarding the precise role of TRPM8 in prostatic carcinogenesis and are mostly based on in vitro studies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role played by TRPM8 in PCa progression. We used a prostate orthotopic xenograft mouse model to show that TRPM8 overexpression dramatically limited tumor growth and metastasis dissemination in vivo. Mechanistically, our in vitro data revealed that TRPM8 inhibited tumor growth by affecting the cell proliferation and clonogenic properties of PCa cells. Moreover, TRPM8 impacted metastatic dissemination mainly by impairing cytoskeleton dynamics and focal adhesion formation through the inhibition of the Cdc42, Rac1, ERK, and FAK pathways. Lastly, we proved the in vivo efficiency of a new tool based on lipid nanocapsules containing WS12 in limiting the TRPM8-positive cells' dissemination at metastatic sites. Our work strongly supports the protective role of TRPM8 on PCa progression, providing new insights into the potential application of TRPM8 as a therapeutic target in PCa treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume P. Grolez
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.P.G.); (G.C.); (L.N.); (K.K.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.P.G.); (G.C.); (L.N.); (K.K.); (A.F.P.)
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alexandre Barras
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520—IEMN, 59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (M.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Mehdi Hammadi
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520—IEMN, 59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (M.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Lucile Noyer
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.P.G.); (G.C.); (L.N.); (K.K.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Kateryna Kondratska
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.P.G.); (G.C.); (L.N.); (K.K.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Thibauld Oullier
- Cancéropôle du Grand Ouest, Plateforme In Vivo, 44000 Nantes, France; (T.O.); (S.M.-L.)
| | | | - Marilyne Le Mée
- CNRS UAR44, PHENOMIN-TAAM, 45071 Orléans, France; (M.L.M.); (S.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Stéphanie Rétif
- CNRS UAR44, PHENOMIN-TAAM, 45071 Orléans, France; (M.L.M.); (S.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Stéphanie Lerondel
- CNRS UAR44, PHENOMIN-TAAM, 45071 Orléans, France; (M.L.M.); (S.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Centre of Excellence (NIS), University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation T2I-EA 4245, Université de Tours, 37044 Tours, France;
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520—IEMN, 59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (M.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.P.G.); (G.C.); (L.N.); (K.K.); (A.F.P.)
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
- CNRS UAR44, PHENOMIN-TAAM, 45071 Orléans, France; (M.L.M.); (S.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Dimitra Gkika
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020-UMR 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rich A, Glotzer M. Small GTPases modulate intrinsic and extrinsic forces that control epithelial folding in Drosophila embryos. Small GTPases 2021; 12:416-428. [PMID: 33985411 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1926879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial folding is a common means to execute morphogenetic movements. The gastrulating Drosophila embryo offers many examples of epithelial folding events, including the ventral, cephalic, and dorsal furrows. Each of these folding events is associated with changes in intracellular contractility and/or cytoskeleton structures that autonomously promote epithelial folding. Here, we review accumulating evidence that suggests the progression and final form of ventral, cephalic, and dorsal furrows are also influenced by the behaviour of cells neighbouring these folds. We further discuss the prevalence and importance of junctional rearrangements during epithelial folding events, suggesting adherens junction components are prime candidates to modulate the transmission of the intercellular forces that influence folding events. Finally, we discuss how recently developed methods that enable precise spatial and/or temporal control of protein activity allow direct testing of molecular models of morphogenesis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Rich
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Glotzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lew ZX, Zhou HM, Fang YY, Ye Z, Zhong W, Yang XY, Yu Z, Chen DY, Luo SM, Chen LF, Lin Y. Transgelin interacts with PARP1 in human colon cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:366. [PMID: 32774160 PMCID: PMC7398379 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transgelin, an actin-binding protein, is associated with cytoskeleton remodeling. Findings from our previous studies demonstrated that transgelin was up-regulated in node-positive colorectal cancer (CRC) versus node-negative disease. Over-expression of TAGLN affected the expression of 256 downstream transcripts and increased the metastatic potential of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to explore the mechanisms through which transgelin participates in the metastasis of colon cancer cells. Methods Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analysis were used to determine the cellular localization of endogenous and exogenous transgelin in colon cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and subsequently high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry were performed to identify the proteins that were potentially interacting with transgelin. The 256 downstream transcripts regulated by transgelin were analyzed with bioinformatics methods to discriminate the specific key genes and signaling pathways. The Gene-Cloud of Biotechnology Information (GCBI) tools were used to predict the potential transcription factors (TFs) for the key genes. The predicted TFs corresponded to the proteins identified to interact with transgelin. The interaction between transgelin and the TFs was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Results Transgelin was found to localize in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the colon cancer cells. Approximately 297 proteins were identified to interact with transgelin. The overexpression of TAGLN led to the differential expression of 184 downstream genes. Network topology analysis discriminated seven key genes, including CALM1, MYO1F, NCKIPSD, PLK4, RAC1, WAS and WIPF1, which are mostly involved in the Rho signaling pathway. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) was predicted as the unique TF for the key genes and concurrently corresponded to the DNA-binding proteins potentially interacting with transgelin. The interaction between PARP1 and transgelin in human RKO colon cancer cells was further validated by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. Conclusions Our results suggest that transgelin binds to PARP1 and regulates the expression of downstream key genes, which are mainly involved in the Rho signaling pathway, and thus participates in the metastasis of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xian Lew
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China.,Department of Surgery, Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510045 China
| | - Hui-Min Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fang
- Intensive Care Unit, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling City, 244000 Anhui province China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Wa Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Xin-Yi Yang
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Zhong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Dan-Yu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Si-Min Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Li-Fei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fujiwara S, Deguchi S, Magin TM. Disease-associated keratin mutations reduce traction forces and compromise adhesion and collective migration. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243956. [PMID: 32616561 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filament (IF) proteins constitute the major cytoskeletal components in epithelial cells. Missense mutations in keratin 5 (K5; also known as KRT5) or keratin 14 (K14; also known as KRT14), highly expressed in the basal epidermis, cause the severe skin blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). EBS-associated mutations disrupt keratin networks and change keratinocyte mechanics; however, molecular mechanisms by which mutations shape EBS pathology remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to keratin-deficient keratinocytes, cells expressing K14R125C, a mutation that causes severe EBS, generate lower traction forces, accompanied by immature focal adhesions with an altered cellular distribution. Furthermore, mutant keratinocytes display reduced directionality during collective migration. Notably, RhoA activity is downregulated in human EBS keratinocytes, and Rho activation rescues stiffness-dependent cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion formation of EBS keratinocytes. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that intact keratin IF networks regulate mechanotransduction through a Rho signaling pathway upstream of cell-ECM adhesion formation and organized cell migration. Our findings provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of EBS.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Fujiwara
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ong K, Collier C, DiNardo S. Multiple feedback mechanisms fine-tune Rho signaling to regulate morphogenetic outcomes. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224378. [PMID: 30872456 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho signaling is a conserved mechanism for generating forces through activation of contractile actomyosin. How this pathway can produce different cell morphologies is poorly understood. In the Drosophila embryonic epithelium, we investigate how Rho signaling controls force asymmetry to drive morphogenesis. We study a distinct morphogenetic process termed 'alignment'. This process results in striking columns of rectilinear cells connected by aligned cell-cell contacts. We found that this is driven by contractile actomyosin cables that elevate tension along aligning interfaces. Our data show that polarization of Rho effectors, Rok and Dia, directs formation of these cables. Constitutive activation of these effectors causes aligning cells to instead invaginate. This suggests that moderating Rho signaling is essential to producing the aligned geometry. Therefore, we tested for feedback that could fine-tune Rho signaling. We discovered that F-actin exerts negative feedback on multiple nodes in the pathway. Further, we present evidence that suggests that Rok in part mediates feedback from F-actin to Rho in a manner independent of Myo-II. Collectively, our work suggests that multiple feedback mechanisms regulate Rho signaling, which may account for diverse morphological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Ong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| | - Camille Collier
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen DiNardo
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei H, Zhang D, Liu L, Xia W, Li F. Rho signaling pathway enhances proliferation of PASMCs by suppressing nuclear translocation of Smad1 in PAH. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:71-78. [PMID: 30603049 PMCID: PMC6307528 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Rho kinase signaling pathways exert counter regulatory effects on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation in pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). To elucidate the mechanism of this interaction, the present study tested whether Rho kinase activated by platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) enhances PASMC proliferation by suppressing the nuclear translocation of Smad1 induced by BMP-2. BMP-2 was used to activate the Smad1 signaling pathway and PDGF-BB was used to activate the Rho kinase signaling pathway when cells were pretreated with or without Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 or dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1 and 2 inhibitor U0126. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of the components of the Rho signaling pathway, and the expression of various variants of phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (p-Smad)1 in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Immunofluorescent staining was used to observe subcellular distribution of p-Smad1. A cell counting kit was used to analyze cell proliferation. Active RhoA/Rho kinase signaling and decreased nuclear translocation of Smad1 were found in primary cultured PASMCs from the rat model of PAH compared with the control PASMCs. Treatment with BMP-2 significantly increased nuclear accumulation of Smad1 and inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs. However, pretreatment with PDGF-BB significantly decreased the nuclear accumulation of Smad1 induced by BMP-2 and enhanced the proliferation of PASMCs. Furthermore, pretreatment with Y-27632 or U0126 was found to restore the nuclear translocation of Smad1 suppressed by PDGF-BB and decrease the proliferation of PASMCs. In conclusion, the present study suggested that Rho kinase activated by PDGF-BB suppressed BMP-2-induced nuclear translocation of Smad1 via the MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase and enhanced BMP-2-inhibited proliferation of PASMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250132, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Fuhai Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ. The N-Terminal GTPase Domain of p190RhoGAP Proteins Is a PseudoGTPase. Structure 2018; 26:1451-1461.e4. [PMID: 30174148 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pseudoGTPases are a rapidly growing and important group of pseudoenzymes. p190RhoGAP proteins are critical regulators of Rho signaling and contain two previously identified pseudoGTPase domains. Here we report that p190RhoGAP proteins contain a third pseudoGTPase domain, termed N-GTPase. We find that GTP constitutively purifies with the N-GTPase domain, and a 2.8-Å crystal structure of p190RhoGAP-A co-purified with GTP reveals an unusual GTP-Mg2+ binding pocket. Six inserts in N-GTPase indicate perturbed catalytic activity and inability to bind to canonical GTPase activating proteins, guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and effector proteins. Biochemical analysis shows that N-GTPase does not detectably hydrolyze GTP, and exchanges nucleotide only under harsh Mg2+ chelation. Furthermore, mutational analysis shows that GTP and Mg2+ binding stabilizes the domain. Therefore, our results support that N-GTPase is a nucleotide binding, non-hydrolyzing, pseudoGTPase domain that may act as a protein-protein interaction domain. Thus, unique among known proteins, p190RhoGAPs contain three pseudoGTPase domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Toret CP, Shivakumar PC, Lenne PF, Le Bivic A. The elmo-mbc complex and rhogap19d couple Rho family GTPases during mesenchymal-to-epithelial-like transitions. Development 2018:dev.157495. [PMID: 29437779 DOI: 10.1242/dev.157495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many metazoan developmental processes require cells to transition between migratory mesenchymal- and adherent epithelial-like states. These transitions require Rho GTPase-mediated actin rearrangements downstream of integrin and cadherin pathways. A regulatory toolbox of GEF and GAP proteins precisely coordinates Rho protein activities, yet defining the involvement of specific regulators within a cellular context remains a challenge due to overlapping and coupled activities. Here we demonstrate that Drosophila dorsal closure is a powerful model for Rho GTPase regulation during transitions from leading edges to cadherin contacts. During these transitions a Rac GEF elmo-mbc complex regulates both lamellipodia and Rho1-dependent, actomyosin-mediated tension at initial cadherin contacts. Moreover, the Rho GAP Rhogap19d controls Rac and Rho GTPases during the same processes and genetically regulates the elmo-mbc complex. This study presents a fresh framework to understand the inter-relationship between GEF and GAP proteins that tether Rac and Rho cycles during developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andre Le Bivic
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Case 907, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons comprise a variety of networks with distinct architectures, dynamics and protein composition. A fundamental question in eukaryotic cell biology is how these networks are spatially and temporally controlled, so they are positioned in the right intracellular places at the right time. While significant progress has been made in understanding the self-assembly of actin and microtubule networks, less is known about how they are patterned and regulated in a site-specific manner. In mammalian systems, septins are a large family of GTP-binding proteins that multimerize into higher-order structures, which associate with distinct subsets of actin filaments and microtubules, as well as membranes of specific curvature and lipid composition. Recent studies have shed more light on how septins interact with actin and microtubules, and raised the possibility that the cytoskeletal topology of septins is determined by their membrane specificity. Importantly, new functions have emerged for septins regarding the generation, maintenance and positioning of cytoskeletal networks with distinct organization and biochemical makeup. This Review presents new and past findings, and discusses septins as a unique regulatory module that instructs the local differentiation and positioning of distinct actin and microtubule networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias T Spiliotis
- Drexel University, Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khandia R, Munjal A, Dhama K, Malik YS. Bacterial Toxins: A Hope Towards Angiogenic Ailments. Curr Drug Metab 2017; 18:926-941. [PMID: 28901253 DOI: 10.2174/1389200218666170911150948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is an essential physiological process for growth and maintenance of the body. Especially its role becomes indispendable during the embryonic development stage but lacks in adults with some exceptions like while wound repair and menstrual cycle. It is a tightly regulated process and relies on the cascade of several molecular signaling pathways with the involvement of many effectors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) etc. METHODS Related literature/ information were retrieved, analyzed and compiled from the online published resources available in Medline, Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Science Direct and other scientific databases. RESULTS Excessive angiogenesis leads to disorders like tumor, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, endometriosis, psoriasis, and adiposity. While, reduced angiogenesis also results in several ailments like cardiac ischemia, low capillary density in brain of Alzheimer's patients and delayed wound healing. Therefore, both angio-proliferative and anti-angiogenic approaches may be of use in developing novel therapeutics. Bacterial toxins are known for modulating the process of angiogenesis by mimicking pro-angiogenic factors and/ or competing with them. Furthermore, they inactivate the receptors or keep them in ON status, hence can be used to treat angiogenic disorders. The ease in handling, cultivation and manipulating the toxins structure has enabled the use of bacteria as an ideal choice for novel therapeutic developments. CONCLUSION This review intends to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which certain bacteria may alter the level of angiogenesis and consequently can work as therapeutics against angiogenic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462 026 (M.P.). India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462 026 (M.P.). India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122 (Uttar Pradesh). India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122 (Uttar Pradesh). India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patel R, Sriramoji S, Marucci M, Aziz I, Shah S, Sesti F. Cytoskeletal remodeling via Rho GTPases during oxidative and thermal stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:338-342. [PMID: 28859988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems are highly sensitive to changes in their environment. Indeed, the molecular basis of the environmental stress response suggests that the specialized stress responses share more commonalities than previously believed. Here, we used the nematode C. elegans to gain insight into the role of Rho signaling during two common environmental challenges, oxidative and thermal stress. In response to heat shock (HS), wild type (N2) worms demonstrated reduced viability which was rescued by genetic suppression of CDC42 and RHO-1. Visualization of F-actin by phalloidin-rhodamine underscored a strict correlation between the levels of F-actin following GTPase suppression and survival. Additionally, genetic ablation of OSG-1, a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) previously implicated in oxidative stress, was associated with constitutively lower levels of F-actin and increased mortality. However, upon an oxidative insult F-actin stability decreased in N2 worms, a rescue of this affect was observed in OSG-1 null worms, consistent with the resistance exhibited by these worms to oxidative stress (OS). Together these data suggest that during conditions of thermal or oxidative stress Rho signaling promotes vulnerability by altering actin dynamics. Thus, the stability of the actin cytoskeleton, in part through a conserved mechanism mediated by Rho signaling, is a crucial factor for the cell's survival to environmental challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patel
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sindhu Sriramoji
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Marena Marucci
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ibrahim Aziz
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sejal Shah
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dyberg C, Fransson S, Andonova T, Sveinbjörnsson B, Lännerholm-Palm J, Olsen TK, Forsberg D, Herlenius E, Martinsson T, Brodin B, Kogner P, Johnsen JI, Wickström M. Rho-associated kinase is a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6603-12. [PMID: 28739902 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706011114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a peripheral neural system tumor that originates from the neural crest and is the most common and deadly tumor of infancy. Here we show that neuroblastoma harbors frequent mutations of genes controlling the Rac/Rho signaling cascade important for proper migration and differentiation of neural crest cells during neuritogenesis. RhoA is activated in tumors from neuroblastoma patients, and elevated expression of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)2 is associated with poor patient survival. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ROCK1 and 2, key molecules in Rho signaling, resulted in neuroblastoma cell differentiation and inhibition of neuroblastoma cell growth, migration, and invasion. Molecularly, ROCK inhibition induced glycogen synthase kinase 3β-dependent phosphorylation and degradation of MYCN protein. Small-molecule inhibition of ROCK suppressed MYCN-driven neuroblastoma growth in TH-MYCN homozygous transgenic mice and MYCN gene-amplified neuroblastoma xenograft growth in nude mice. Interference with Rho/Rac signaling might offer therapeutic perspectives for high-risk neuroblastoma.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang L, Tang L, Dai F, Meng G, Yin R, Xu X, Yao W. Raf-1/CK2 and RhoA/ROCK signaling promote TNF-α-mediated endothelial apoptosis via regulating vimentin cytoskeleton. Toxicology 2017; 389:74-84. [PMID: 28743511 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Both RhoA/ROCK and Raf-1/CK2 pathway play essential roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and multiple other common cellular functions. We previously reported that vimentin is responsible for TNF-α-induced cell apoptosis. Herein, we investigated the regulation of RhoA/ROCK and Raf-1/CK2 signaling on vimentin filaments and endothelial apoptosis mediated by TNF-α. Treatment with TNF-α significantly induced the activation of RhoA and ROCK, and the expression of ROCK1. RhoA deficiency could obviously inhibit ROCK activation and ROCK1 expression induced by TNF-α. Both RhoA deficiency and ROCK activity inhibition (Y-27632) greatly inhibited endothelial apoptosis and preserved cell viability in TNF-α-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Also vimentin phosphorylation and the remodeling of vimentin or phospho-vimentin induced by TNF-α were obviously attenuated by RhoA suppression and ROCK inhibition. TNF-α-mediated vimentin cleavage was significantly inhibited by RhoA suppression and ROCK inhibition through decreasing the activation of caspase3 and 8. Furthermore, TNF-α treatment greatly enhanced the activation of Raf-1. Suppression of Raf-1 or CK2 by its inhibitor (GW5074 or TBB) blocked vimentin phosphorylation, remodeling and endothelial apoptosis, and preserved cell viability in TNF-α-induced HUVECs. However, Raf-1 inhibition showed no significant effect on TNF-α-induced ROCK expression and activation, suggesting that the regulation of Raf-1/CK2 signaling on vimentin was independent of ROCK. Taken together, these results indicate that both RhoA/ROCK and Raf-1/CK2 pathway are responsible for TNF-α-mediated endothelial cytotoxicity via regulating vimentin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yang
- School of pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lian Tang
- School of pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Fan Dai
- School of pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- School of pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Runting Yin
- School of pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaole Xu
- School of pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wenjuan Yao
- School of pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Russo A, Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Dossena S, Pellegrino T, Furia E, Nofziger C, Debellis L, Paulmichl M, Valenti G, Tamma G. Interleukin-13 increases pendrin abundance to the cell surface in bronchial NCI-H292 cells via Rho/actin signaling. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1163-1176. [PMID: 28378089 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL13) is a major player in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in several respiratory disorders. Emerging data suggest that an increased expression of pendrin in airway epithelia is associated with elevated airway hyperreactivity in asthma. Here, we investigate the effect of IL13 on pendrin localization and function using bronchiolar NCI-H292 cells. The data obtained revealed that IL13 increases the cell surface expression of pendrin. This effect was paralleled by a significant increase in the intracellular pH, possibly via indirect stimulation of NHE. IL13 effect on pendrin localization and intracellular pH was reversed by theophylline, a bronchodilator compound used to treat asthma. IL13 upregulated RhoA activity, a crucial protein controlling actin dynamics, via G-alpha-13. Specifically, IL13 stabilized actin cytoskeleton and promoted co-localization and a direct molecular interaction between pendrin and F-actin in the plasma membrane region. These effects were reversed following exposure of cells to theophylline. Selective inhibition of Rho kinase, a downstream effector of Rho, reduced the IL13-dependent cell surface expression of pendrin. Together, these data indicate that IL13 increases pendrin abundance to the cell surface via Rho/actin signaling, an effect reversed by theophylline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Russo
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tommaso Pellegrino
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Emilia Furia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Charity Nofziger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lucantonio Debellis
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Markus Paulmichl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionsale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Rome, Italy.,Centre of Excellence Genomic and Proteomics GEBCA, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionsale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ferrera P, Zepeda A, Arias C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs attenuate amyloid-β protein-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization through Rho signaling modulation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:1311-8. [PMID: 28124209 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β protein (Aβ) neurotoxicity occurs along with the reorganization of the actin-cytoskeleton through the activation of the Rho GTPase pathway. In addition to the classical mode of action of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), indomethacin, and ibuprofen have Rho-inhibiting effects. In order to evaluate the role of the Rho GTPase pathway on Aβ-induced neuronal death and on neuronal morphological modifications in the actin cytoskeleton, we explored the role of NSAIDS in human-differentiated neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aβ. We found that Aβ induced neurite retraction and promoted the formation of different actin-dependent structures such as stress fibers, filopodia, lamellipodia, and ruffles. In the presence of Aβ, both NSAIDs prevented neurite collapse and formation of stress fibers without affecting the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia. Similar results were obtained when the downstream effector, Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632, was applied in the presence of Aβ. These results demonstrate the potential benefits of the Rho-inhibiting NSAIDs in reducing Aβ-induced effects on neuronal structural alterations.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chang YJ, Pownall S, Jensen TE, Mouaaz S, Foltz W, Zhou L, Liadis N, Woo M, Hao Z, Dutt P, Bilan PJ, Klip A, Mak T, Stambolic V. The Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor PDZ-RhoGEF governs susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26512886 PMCID: PMC4709268 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is crucial for the maintenance of energy and metabolic homeostasis and its deregulation can lead to obesity and type II diabetes (T2D). Using gene disruption in the mouse, we discovered a function for a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor PDZ-RhoGEF (Arhgef11) in white adipose tissue biology. While PDZ-RhoGEF was dispensable for a number of RhoA signaling-mediated processes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, including stress fiber formation and cell migration, it's deletion led to a reduction in their proliferative potential. On a whole organism level, PDZ-RhoGEF deletion resulted in an acute increase in energy expenditure, selectively impaired early adipose tissue development and decreased adiposity in adults. PDZ-RhoGEF-deficient mice were protected from diet-induced obesity and T2D. Mechanistically, PDZ-RhoGEF enhanced insulin/IGF-1 signaling in adipose tissue by controlling ROCK-dependent phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Our results demonstrate that PDZ-RhoGEF acts as a key determinant of mammalian metabolism and obesity-associated pathologies. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06011.001 Obesity is a growing public health concern around the world, and can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Both genetics and environmental factors such as diet contribute to obesity. Fat cells are essential to good health, but the excess accumulation of fat cells in obese people involves a complex process that is regulated by interactions between numerous genes, cellular messengers and mechanical forces. Learning more about these factors could help prevent or treat obesity. One mutation in the gene encoding a protein called PDZ-RhoGEF has been linked to both obesity and type 2 diabetes. People with mutations in this gene are not responsive enough to insulin, a hormone important for sugar metabolism. This can interfere with the body’s ability to burn energy in food or lead to a dangerous build up of sugar in the blood as seen in type 2 diabetes. But exactly what PDZ-RhoGEF normally does to prevent this is unclear. Chang et al. now show that PDZ-RhoGEF controls fat cell production and the body’s ability to release the energy contained in food. First, mice that had been genetically engineered to lack PDZ-RhoGEF were compared to typical mice. The mice without PDZ-RhoGEF had fewer fat cells than the typical mice, and they burned more energy. The mutant mice walked around about as much as the typical mice but they were more likely to have repetitive movements, the mouse equivalent of human nervous ticks. Insulin normally stimulates the production of fat cells. But the mutant mice were less able to produce fat cells as they developed into adults. When fed a high fat food diet, the normal mice became fatter and insensitive to insulin and developed other health problems linked to excess fat in the body. The mutant mice on the same diet, however, stayed thin and avoided these health issues. The experiments show that PDZ-RhoGEF helps relay insulin’s message within the body, and as such it plays a critical role in regulating metabolism, sugar levels and fat accumulation. Future work should ask how PDZ-RhoGEF affects other complications linked to obesity, and explore the possibility of developing treatments for obesity based on the biology of this molecule. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06011.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Chang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Scott Pownall
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samar Mouaaz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Warren Foltz
- Spatio-Temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response Program, Office of Research Trainees, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lily Zhou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicole Liadis
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhenyue Hao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Previn Dutt
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tak Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cotecchia S, Del Vescovo CD, Colella M, Caso S, Diviani D. The alpha1-adrenergic receptors in cardiac hypertrophy: signaling mechanisms and functional implications. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1984-93. [PMID: 26169957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a complex remodeling process of the heart induced by physiological or pathological stimuli resulting in increased cardiomyocyte size and myocardial mass. Whereas cardiac hypertrophy can be an adaptive mechanism to stressful conditions of the heart, prolonged hypertrophy can lead to heart failure which represents the primary cause of human morbidity and mortality. Among G protein-coupled receptors, the α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) play an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy as demonstrated by numerous studies in the past decades, both in primary cardiomyocyte cultures and genetically modified mice. The results of these studies have provided evidence of a large variety of α1-AR-induced signaling events contributing to the defining molecular and cellular features of cardiac hypertrophy. Recently, novel signaling mechanisms have been identified and new hypotheses have emerged concerning the functional role of the α1-adrenergic receptors in the heart. This review will summarize the main signaling pathways activated by the α1-AR in the heart and their functional implications in cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Cotecchia
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cosmo Damiano Del Vescovo
- Department de Pharmacologie et de de Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matilde Colella
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Caso
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Department de Pharmacologie et de de Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dario Diviani
- Department de Pharmacologie et de de Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thelen S, Abouhamed M, Ciarimboli G, Edemir B, Bähler M. Rho GAP myosin IXa is a regulator of kidney tubule function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F501-13. [PMID: 26136556 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00220.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian class IX myosin Myo9a is a single-headed, actin-dependent motor protein with Rho GTPase-activating protein activity that negatively regulates Rho GTPase signaling. Myo9a is abundantly expressed in ciliated epithelial cells of several organs. In mice, genetic deletion of Myo9a leads to the formation of hydrocephalus. Whether Myo9a also has essential functions in the epithelia of other organs of the body has not been explored. In the present study, we report that Myo9a-deficient mice develop bilateral renal disease, characterized by dilation of proximal tubules, calyceal dilation, and thinning of the parenchyma and fibrosis. These structural changes are accompanied by polyuria (with normal vasopressin levels) and low-molecular-weight proteinuria. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Myo9a is localized to the circumferential F-actin belt of proximal tubule cells. In kidneys lacking Myo9a, the multiligand binding receptor megalin and its ligand albumin accumulated at the luminal surface of Myo9a-deficient proximal tubular cells, suggesting that endocytosis is dysregulated. In addition, we found, surprisingly, that levels of murine diaphanous-related formin-1, a Rho effector, were decreased in Myo9a-deficient kidneys as well as in Myo9a knockdown LLC-PK1 cells. In summary, deletion of the Rho GTPase-activating protein Myo9a in mice causes proximal tubular dilation and fibrosis, and we speculate that downregulation of murine diaphanous-related formin-1 and impaired protein reabsorption contribute to the pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Thelen
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany; and
| | - Marouan Abouhamed
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany; and
| | - Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Experimental Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bayram Edemir
- Experimental Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee HK, Ji S, Park SJ, Choung HW, Choi Y, Lee HJ, Park SY, Park JC. Odontogenic Ameloblast-associated Protein (ODAM) Mediates Junctional Epithelium Attachment to Teeth via Integrin-ODAM-Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 5 (ARHGEF5)-RhoA Signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14740-53. [PMID: 25911094 PMCID: PMC4505539 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.648022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of the junctional epithelium (JE) to the tooth surface is crucial for maintaining periodontal health. Although odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein (ODAM) is expressed in the JE, its molecular functions remain unknown. We investigated ODAM function during JE development and regeneration and its functional significance in the initiation and progression of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. ODAM was expressed in the normal JE of healthy teeth but absent in the pathologic pocket epithelium of diseased periodontium. In periodontitis and peri-implantitis, ODAM was extruded from the JE following onset with JE attachment loss and detected in gingival crevicular fluid. ODAM induced RhoA activity and the expression of downstream factors, including ROCK (Rho-associated kinase), by interacting with Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 (ARHGEF5). ODAM-mediated RhoA signaling resulted in actin filament rearrangement. Reduced ODAM and RhoA expression in integrin β3- and β6-knockout mice revealed that cytoskeleton reorganization in the JE occurred via integrin-ODAM-ARHGEF5-RhoA signaling. Fibronectin and laminin activated RhoA signaling via the integrin-ODAM pathway. Finally, ODAM was re-expressed with RhoA in regenerating JE after gingivectomy in vivo. These results suggest that ODAM expression in the JE reflects a healthy periodontium and that JE adhesion to the tooth surface is regulated via fibronectin/laminin-integrin-ODAM-ARHGEF5-RhoA signaling. We also propose that ODAM could be used as a biomarker of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Lee
- From the Departments of Oral Histology/Developmental Biology and
| | - Suk Ji
- the Department of Periodontology, Anam Hospital, Korea University, 73 Inchonro, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea, and
| | - Su-Jin Park
- From the Departments of Oral Histology/Developmental Biology and
| | - Han-Wool Choung
- From the Departments of Oral Histology/Developmental Biology and
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehagro, Chongro-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- the Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumiro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- the Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumiro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- From the Departments of Oral Histology/Developmental Biology and
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Rho GTPases function as molecular switches that connect changes of the external environment to intracellular signaling pathways. They are active at various subcellular sites and require fast and tight regulation to fulfill their role as transducers of extracellular stimuli. New imaging technologies visualizing the active states of Rho proteins in living cells elucidated the necessity of precise spatiotemporal activation of the GTPases. The local regulation of Rho proteins is coordinated by the interaction with different guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that turn on and off GTPase signaling to downstream effectors. GEFs and GAPs thus serve as critical signaling nodes that specify the amplitude and duration of a particular Rho signaling pathway. Despite their importance in Rho regulation, the molecular aspects underlying the spatiotemporal control of the regulators themselves are still largely elusive. In this review we will focus on the Deleted in Liver Cancer (DLC) family of RhoGAP proteins and summarize the evidence gathered over the past years revealing their different subcellular localizations that might account for isoform-specific functions. We will also highlight the importance of their tightly controlled expression in the context of neoplastic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja C Braun
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen CH, Lee A, Liao CP, Liu YW, Pan CL. RHGF-1/PDZ-RhoGEF and retrograde DLK-1 signaling drive neuronal remodeling on microtubule disassembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:16568-73. [PMID: 25359212 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410263111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons remodel their connectivity in response to various insults, including microtubule disruption. How neurons sense microtubule disassembly and mount remodeling responses by altering genetic programs in the soma are not well defined. Here we show that in response to microtubule disassembly, the Caenorhabditis elegans PLM neuron remodels by retracting its synaptic branch and overextending the primary neurite. This remodeling required RHGF-1, a PDZ-Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (PDZ-RhoGEF) that was associated with and inhibited by microtubules. Independent of the myosin light chain activation, RHGF-1 acted through Rho-dependent kinase LET-502/ROCK and activated a conserved, retrograde DLK-1 MAPK (DLK-1/dual leucine zipper kinase) pathway, which triggered synaptic branch retraction and overgrowth of the PLM neurite in a dose-dependent manner. Our data represent a neuronal remodeling paradigm during development that reshapes the neural circuit by the coordinated removal of the dysfunctional synaptic branch compartment and compensatory extension of the primary neurite.
Collapse
|
24
|
Itoh M. ARHGEF11, a regulator of junction-associated actomyosin in epithelial cells. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24221. [PMID: 24665387 PMCID: PMC3879125 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells form organized sheets to protect underlying tissues and maintain the physiological environment by the assembly of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), which mainly regulate paracellular molecular passage and selective cell-cell adhesion, respectively. At the cytoplasmic surface, TJs and AJs associate with a specific actomyosin cytoskeletal structure called the perijunctional actomyosin ring (PJAR), which encircles cells in a belt-like manner. ZO family proteins play important roles in regulating TJ and PJAR organization. We recently found that ARHGEF11, a member of the RGS-RhoGEF family of proteins, associates with TJs by binding to ZO-1. ARHGEF11 mediates ZO-1-dependent junction assembly and barrier formation in mammary epithelial cells. Another recent study demonstrated that ARHGEF11-dependent apical actomyosin contraction is coupled to planar cell polarity signaling in neuroepithelial cells for the control of neural tube formation. These findings suggest that ARHGEF11 generally regulates apical junctions and junction-associated actomyosin in various epithelial tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Itoh
- Department of Biochemistry; Dokkyo Medical University; Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Herder C, Swiercz JM, Müller C, Peravali R, Quiring R, Offermanns S, Wittbrodt J, Loosli F. ArhGEF18 regulates RhoA-Rock2 signaling to maintain neuro-epithelial apico-basal polarity and proliferation. Development 2013; 140:2787-97. [PMID: 23698346 DOI: 10.1242/dev.096487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate central nervous system develops from an epithelium where cells are polarized along the apicobasal axis. Loss of this polarity results in abnormal organ architecture, morphology and proliferation. We found that mutations of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ArhGEF18 affect apicobasal polarity of the retinal neuroepithelium in medaka fish. We show that ArhGEF18-mediated activation of the small GTPase RhoA is required to maintain apicobasal polarity at the onset of retinal differentiation and to control the ratio of neurogenic to proliferative cell divisions. RhoA signals through Rock2 to regulate apicobasal polarity, tight junction localization and the cortical actin cytoskeleton. The human ArhGEF18 homologue can rescue the mutant phenotype, suggesting a conserved function in vertebrate neuroepithelia. Our analysis identifies ArhGEF18 as a key regulator of tissue architecture and function, controlling apicobasal polarity and proliferation through RhoA activation. We thus identify the control of neuroepithelial apicobasal polarity as a novel role for RhoA signaling in vertebrate development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Herder
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|