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Mukherjee A, Benett J, Anyigor KT, Olayinka OBO, Khalafallah AM, Alencastro J, Butt TE. Solar roads - a new potential renewable energy for Great Britain. Environ Technol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38361350 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2316669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Global warming has become a much more realised issue and an immediate threat, accelerating due to the anthropogenic carbon release associated with escalating energy demand. Consequently, pressures are building up to reduce anthropogenic carbon footprint by employing renewable energy resources, among which solar energy is the main. Solar roads are a new and innovative concept as they do not require land to be specifically allocated. This is because the road infrastructure already exists. Therefore, this emerging technique of embedding solar panels into pavements and roadways is becoming a more attractive proposition. However, a hurdle to its successful application is the lack of knowledge regarding its feasibility and viability. This study aims to evaluate the potential of solar roads to inform future feasibility and viability studies in varying contexts and implications. Within the scope of this study, the case of Great Britain is considered to evaluate the potential of how much energy can be generated via the solar roads technology that can be embedded in the country's road infrastructure. A mathematical exercise is performed in which calculations are executed to develop a basic numerical model of the potential. Therefore, the study is quantitative, and the factors considered include seasonal changes, average daily traffic covering roads, tree and building shades, road types and sizes, solar irradiance, solar panel types, and alike. It is estimated that solar roads may supply up to 96.42% of the UK's total electricity, which is a substantially promising potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mukherjee
- Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Benett
- Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - K T Anyigor
- Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - O B O Olayinka
- Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - A M Khalafallah
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J Alencastro
- Built Environment Department, School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - T E Butt
- Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Mukutmoni M, Liza FT, Parvin RA, Nath TC. Perceptions and practices of urban slum-dwelling women concerning soil-transmitted helminths infections in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2023; 21:e00291. [PMID: 36875174 PMCID: PMC9982025 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections are still attributed to a significant part of mortality and disabilities in developing nations. This study aimed at exploring the perceptions and practices concerning STH and to assess the associated risk of infections among slum-dwelling women of Dhaka South City Corporations (DSCC), Bangladesh. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in two selected slums (Malibagh and Lalbagh) of DSCC, Bangladesh, from September 2020 to February 2021. A total of 206 women participants were requested to provide stool samples, followed by a semi-structured questionnaire survey. Parasitological assessment was done by the formol-ether concentration (FEC) technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was estimated using logistic regression analysis to examine the association between explanatory and outcome factors. Results In total, 36 (17.5%) STH infections were observed out of 206 examined participants. Among the STH, Trichuris trichiura showed the highest prevalence (10.7%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (5.3%). Lack of formal education, overcrowded living, large family sizes, and using shared toilets were significantly associated with STH infections. Irregular nail cutting (AOR = 3.12), irregular soap usage after toilet (AOR = 2.98), wearing no shoes (AOR = 4.64), and failing to teach kids to wash their hands (AOR = 3.87) were revealed as practice concerns linked to high STH prevalence. Women, who had never heard about STH (AOR = 2.42) and had no misconceptions regarding STH (AOR = 1.94) were positively related to STH infection in this study. Conclusion Slum-dwelling women in Bangladesh still had a substantial infection of STH. Most of the communities under study were unaware of parasite infection and its negative effects on health. Revision of the policy of ongoing anthelmintic distribution programs and widespread health education programs are recommended aimed at controlling STH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tilak Chandra Nath
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
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Dwivedi LK, Banerjee K, Sharma R, Mishra R, Ramesh S, Sahu D, Mohanty SK, James K. Quality of anthropometric data in India's National Family Health Survey: Disentangling interviewer and area effect using a cross-classified multilevel model. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101253. [PMID: 36268139 PMCID: PMC9576578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
India has adopted a target-based approach to reduce the scourge of child malnourishment. Because the monitoring and evaluation required by this approach relies primarily on large-scale data, a data quality assessment is essential. As field teams are the primary mode of data collection in large-scale surveys, this study attempts to understand their contribution to variations in child anthropometric measures. This research can help disentangle the confounding effects of regions/districts and field teams on the quality of child anthropometric data. The anthropometric z-scores of 2,25,002 children below five years were obtained from the fourth round of India's National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015–16. Unadjusted and adjusted standard deviations (SD) of the anthropometric measures were estimated to assess the variations in measurements. In addition, a cross-classified multilevel model (CCMM) approach was adopted to estimate the contribution of geographical regions/districts and teams to variations in anthropometric measures. The unadjusted SDs of the measures of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 1.7, 1.4, and 1.2, respectively. The SD of stunting was above the World Health Organisation threshold (0.8–1.2), as well as the Demographic and Health Survey mark. After adjusting for team-level characteristics, the SDs of all three measures reduced marginally, indicating that team-level workload had a marginal but significant role in explaining the variations in anthropometric z-scores. The CCMM showed that the maximum contribution to variations in anthropometric z-scores came from community-level (Primary Sampling Unit (PSU)) characteristics. Team-level characteristics had a higher contribution to variations in anthropometric z-scores than district-level attributes. Variations in measurement were higher for child height than weight. The present study decomposes the effects of district- and team-level factors and highlights the nuances of introducing teams as a level of analysis in multilevel modelling. Population size, density, and terrain variations between PSUs should be considered when allocating field teams in large-scale surveys. Unadjusted standard deviation for child malnourishment indicators are above the recommended level of DHS data quality standards. Variation in stunting is directly proportional to workload measured by number of eligible children in the PSUs. Cross-classified multilevel models show significant team-level contribution in explaining variations in anthropometric scores. Team-level contribution to explaining variations in child anthropometric measures is larger than district-level factors. The number of days assigned to gather anthropometric measurements should be dependent on the number of eligible respondents in a PSU, which may be identified at the time of mapping & listing, rather than being a fixed number of days across all the states of India.
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Key Words
- Anthropometric measures
- CCMM, cross-classified multilevel model
- Children
- Cross-classified multilevel model
- Data quality
- HAZ, height-for-age z-score
- NFHS, National Family Health Survey
- NFHS-4
- POSHAN, Prime Minister's Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition
- PSU, Primary Sampling Unit
- SD, standard deviation
- SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals
- Standard deviation
- Team-level variation
- WAZ, weight-for-age z-score
- WHO, World Health Organisation
- WHZ, weight-for-height z-score
- Workload of health investigators
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Kant Dwivedi
- Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India,Corresponding author.
| | - Kajori Banerjee
- SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Mumbai, India
| | - Radhika Sharma
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Damodar Sahu
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay K. Mohanty
- Department of Population & Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - K.S. James
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Sharma R, Dwivedi LK, Jana S, Banerjee K, Mishra R, Mahapatra B, Sahu D, Singh S. Survey implementation process and interviewer effects on skipping sequence of maternal and child health indicators from National Family Health Survey: An application of cross-classified multilevel model. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101252. [PMID: 36268137 PMCID: PMC9576585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementing a large-scale survey involves a string of intricate procedures exposed to numerous types of survey errors. Uniform and systematic training protocols, comprehensive survey manuals, and multilayer supervision during survey implementation help reduce survey errors, providing a consistent fieldwork environment that should not result in any variation in the quality of data collected across interviewers and teams. With this background, the present study attempts to delineate the effect of field investigator (FI) teams and survey implementation design on the selected outcomes. Data on four of the bigger Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India, namely Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Rajasthan, were obtained from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) for analysis. A fixed-effect binary logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of FI teams and survey implementation design on the selected outcomes. To study the variation in the outcome variables at the interviewer level, a cross-classified multilevel model was used. Since one interviewer had worked in more than one primary sampling unit (PSU) & district and did not follow a perfect hierarchical structure, the cross-classified multilevel model was deemed suitable. In addition, since NFHS-4 used a two-stage stratified sampling design, two-level weights were adjusted for the models to compute unbiased estimates. This study demonstrated the presence of interviewer-level variation in the selected outcomes at both inter- and intra-field agencies across the selected states. The interviewer-level intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for women who had not availed antenatal care (ANC) was the highest for eastern Madhya Pradesh (0.23) and central Uttar Pradesh (0.20). For ‘immunisation card not seen’, Rajasthan (0.16) and western Uttar Pradesh (0.13) had higher interviewer-level ICC. Interviewer-level variations were insignificant for women who gave birth at home across all regions of Uttar Pradesh. Eastern Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Bihar showed higher interviewer-level variation across the selected outcomes, underlining the critical role of agencies and skilled interviewers in different survey implementation designs. The analysis highlights non-uniform adherence to survey protocols, which implies that not all interviewers and agencies performed in a similar manner in the field. This study recommends a refined mechanism for field implementation and supervision, including focused training on the challenges faced by FIs, random vigilance, and morale building. In addition, examining interviewer-level characteristics, field challenges, and field agency effects may also highlight the roots of interviewer-level variation in the data. However, based on the interviewer's performance in the field, the present study offers an intriguing insight into interviewer-level variations in the quality of data. With uniform survey implementation strategies, the interviewer should not have any effect in explaining the maternal and child health variables. Skipping of selected maternal and child health indicators curtails informativeness of the survey. Results confirms that information on vaccination card, antenatal care, maternal policy information, delivery cost and postnatal checkups have been skipped with negative response to opening questions. Cross-classified multilevel model confirms the presence of interviewer-level variation. The interviewer-level intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for ‘immunization card not seen’ was found to be highest in Rajasthan and western Uttar Pradesh. Interviewer-level variations were found to be not significant for women who gave birth at home across all the regions of Uttar Pradesh whereas the interviewer-level variations for women who had not availed ANC was found to be highest for eastern Madhya Pradesh central Uttar Pradesh. Results emphasizes that not all interviewers and agencies performed in a similar manner in the field. The study recommends a refined mechanism for field implementation and supervision, including focused training on challenges faced by field investigators, random vigilance, and morale building.
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Key Words
- ANC, antenatal care
- CAPI, computer-assisted personal interviewing
- Cross-classified multilevel model
- EAG, empowered action group
- FA, field agencies
- FI, field investigator
- ICC, intra-class correlation coefficient
- Interviewer effect
- Level weights
- MP, Madhya Pradesh
- Maternal and child health
- NFHS, National Family Health Survey
- PSU, primary sampling unit
- SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals
- Survey design
- Survey implementation
- Team level variation
- UP, Uttar Pradesh
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Sharma
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Laxmi Kant Dwivedi
- Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Somnath Jana
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Kajori Banerjee
- SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Damodar Sahu
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - S.K. Singh
- Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Atalell KA, Haile RN, Techane MA. Magnitude of tuberculosis and its associated factors among under-five children admitted with severe acute malnutrition to public hospitals in the city of Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021: multi-center cross-sectional study. IJID Reg 2022; 3:256-260. [PMID: 35755465 PMCID: PMC9216649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and its associated factors among children under 5 years of age with severe acute malnutrition. METHODS A multi-center, institution-based, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at public hospitals in Dire Dawa City Administration, Eastern Ethiopia from January 1, 2018 to December 30, 2020. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with the prevalence of TB. RESULTS The overall prevalence of TB among children under 5 years of age admitted with severe acute malnutrition to public hospitals in the city of Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia was 10.39% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.61-13.73%). Repeated admission (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.5, 95% CI 1.08-6.07), a TB contact history (AOR 3.58, 95% CI 1.21-10.6), pneumonia (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.29-6.23), stage IV HIV/AIDS (AOR 4.41, 95% CI 1.29-15.13), and being immunized (AOR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08-0.43) were variables significantly associated with the prevalence of TB. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that the prevalence of TB among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition was high. The prevalence of TB was associated with having HIV/AIDS, having pneumonia, having a TB contact history, admission status, and immunization status. Integrated TB prevention and screening strategies with nutritional rehabilitation care should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendalem Asmare Atalell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ribka Nigatu Haile
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Masresha Asmare Techane
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Das SD, Srikanth R. Viability of power distribution in India - Challenges and Way Forward. Energy Policy 2020; 147:111882. [PMID: 33100473 PMCID: PMC7576317 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Energy is a key component for economic growth as well as for human development. India is the third-ranking electricity generator in the world but ranks 106th in terms of per capita consumption. Specifically, the distribution of power is the most important link in the value chain of the power sector since it is the cash register for the entire sector. In India, electricity is a concurrent subject shared between the Central and State Governments. While the generation of power has been deregulated since 2003, the supply of power to the consumers is generally carried out by Government-owned power Distribution Companies (DISCOMs). In this paper, the authors analyze the financial distress of DISCOMs in India, and explain how the supply-demand mismatch due to over-ambitious demand projections, the fixed and energy charges of thermal power plants, and the excess procurement of "must-run" renewable sources together contribute to the high cost of power procurement that drives the financial stress faced by DISCOMs. The authors support their assertion with a study of nine DISCOMs supplying electricity to 155 million people in three States and propose policy recommendations for a turnaround of such DISCOMs which can be rolled out with suitable modifications across India.
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Key Words
- ACS, Average Cost of Supply
- APEPDCL, Eastern Power Distribution Company of Andhra Pradesh Limited
- APERC, Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission
- APSPDCL, Southern Power Distribution Company of Andhra Pradesh Limited
- ARR, Average Revenue Realized
- AT&C, Aggregate Technical and Commercial
- Affordability
- BESCOM, Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited
- CAGR, Compounded Annual Growth Rate
- CEA, Central Electricity Authority
- CERC, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
- CESC, Chamundeshwari Electricity Supply Corporation Limited
- CGS, Central Generating Station
- CIL, Coal India Limited
- CPCB, Central Pollution Control Board
- DISCOM, Power Distribution Company
- DISCOMs
- ECR, Energy Charge Rate
- EPS, Electric Power Survey
- Electricity regulation
- FC, Fixed Charges
- FGD, Flue Gas Desulfurizer
- GENCO, Power Generating Station
- GESCOM, Gulbarga Electricity Supply Company Limited
- GOI, Government of India
- HESCOM, Hubli Electricity Supply Company Limited
- IPP, Independent Power Producer
- KERC, Karnataka Electricity Regulatory Commission
- KSEBL, Kerala State Electricity Board Limited
- MESCOM, Mangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited
- MOP, Ministry of Power in the Government of India
- MoEF&CC, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in the Government of India
- NTPC, National Thermal Power Corporation Limited
- PFC, Power Finance Corporation Limited
- PGCIL, Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
- Power sector reforms
- RE, Renewable Energy
- REC, Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
- RPO, Renewable Purchase Obligation
- SCCL, Singareni Collieries Company Limited
- SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals
- SERCs, State Electricity Regulatory Commissions
- SGS, State Generating Station
- SR, Southern Region
- Sustainable development goals
- TANGEDCO, Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited
- TPPs, Thermal Power Plants
- TSERC, Telangana State Electricity Regulatory Commission
- TSNPDCL, Northern Power Distribution Company of Telangana Limited
- TSSPDCL, Southern Power Distribution Company of Telangana Limited
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Deep Das
- Energy and Environment Program, National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - R Srikanth
- Energy and Environment Program, National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
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Boulakhbar M, Lebrouhi B, Kousksou T, Smouh S, Jamil A, Maaroufi M, Zazi M. Towards a large-scale integration of renewable energies in Morocco. J Energy Storage 2020; 32:101806. [PMID: 32904961 PMCID: PMC7462839 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2020.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Renewable energies are a sustainable, unlimited and decarbonised solution to address future energy challenges. In this context, Morocco has a considerable advantage to position itself on this promising market. Furthermore, renewable energies have been highlighted as a key strategic source for the country's green growth. Morocco has adopted the renewable energy path through a strategy targeted on the development of solar, wind and hydroelectric power to boost its energy policy by adapting it to the challenges posed by today's world. Nowadays, Morocco is facing a challenge to reach 52% by 2030 of its total renewable energy capacity, which will exceed 42% by the end of 2020. The main objective of this paper is to study a scenario for 2030 for the Moroccan electricity system and to identify the challenges that need to be addressed in order to accelerate the integration of renewable energies in the Moroccan energy mix and to achieve a possible export of such green energy towards Europe.
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Key Words
- BWRO, Brackish Water Reverse Osmose
- CCGTs, Combined Cycle Gas Turbines
- CSP, Concentrated Solar Power
- Concentrated solar power
- ED, Electro Dialyses
- EU, European Union
- Energy storage
- GHGE, Green House Gas Emissions
- IPPs, Independent Power Producer's Electricity.
- IRESEN, Institute of Research on solar energy and New Energies
- LNG, Liquefied natural gas
- MASEN, Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy
- MED, Multi-Effect Distillation
- MSF, Multi-Stage Flash
- MVC, Mechanical Vapor compression
- Morocco
- ONEE, National Agency for Electricity and Water
- PETS, Pumped Energy Transfer Station
- PV, Photovoltaic
- Power to X
- PtH, Power-to-Hydrogen
- PtX, Power to X
- R&D, Research and Development
- RE, Renewable Energy
- RES, Renewable energy sources
- RETs, Renewable energy technologies
- RO, Reverse Osmose
- Renewable energy integration
- SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals
- SET Roadmap, Roadmap for Sustainable Electricity Trade
- SG, Smart Grid
- SWRO, Sea Water Reverse Osmose
- TOE, Tonne Oil Energy
- TVC, Thermo-Vapor compression
- Thermal energy storage
- V2G, Vehicle to Grid
- WWTP, Waste Water Treatment Plan
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boulakhbar
- Université Mohammed V, École Normale Supérieure de l'Enseignement Technique de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, SIAME, Pau, France
| | - B Lebrouhi
- Université Mohammed V, École Mohammadia d'Ingénieurs, Rabat, Morocco
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, SIAME, Pau, France
| | - T Kousksou
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, SIAME, Pau, France
| | - S Smouh
- Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Fès, U.S.M.B.A, Route d'Imouzzer, BP 242, Fez, Morocco
| | - A Jamil
- Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Fès, U.S.M.B.A, Route d'Imouzzer, BP 242, Fez, Morocco
| | - M Maaroufi
- Université Mohammed V, École Mohammadia d'Ingénieurs, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Zazi
- Université Mohammed V, École Normale Supérieure de l'Enseignement Technique de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Hamdani SU, Huma ZE, Wissow L, Rahman A, Gladstone M. Measuring functional disability in children with developmental disorders in low-resource settings: validation of Developmental Disorders-Children Disability Assessment Schedule (DD-CDAS) in rural Pakistan. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2020; 7:e17. [PMID: 32913656 PMCID: PMC7443609 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental disorders (DDs) in children are a priority condition and guidelines have been developed for their management within low-resource community settings. However, a key obstacle is lack of open access, reliable and valid tools that lay health workers can use to evaluate the impact of such programmes on child outcomes. We adapted and validated the World Health Organization's Disability Assessment Schedule for children (WHODAS-Child), a lay health worker-administered functioning-related tool, for children with DDs in Pakistan. METHODS Lay health workers administered a version of the WHODAS-Child to parents of children with DDs (N = 400) and without DDs (N = 400), aged 2-12 years, after it was adapted using qualitative study. Factor analysis, validity, reliability and sensitivity to change analyses were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the adapted outcome measure. RESULTS Among 800 children, 58% of children were male [mean (s.d.) age 6.68 (s.d. = 2.89)]. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a robust factor structure [χ2/df 2.86, RMSEA 0.068 (90% CI 0.064-0.073); Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.92; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.93; Incremental Fit Index (IFI) 0.93]. The tool demonstrated high internal consistency (α 0.82-0.94), test-retest [Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) 0.71-0.98] and inter-data collector (ICC 0.97-0.99) reliabilities; good criterion (r -0.71), convergent (r -0.35 to 0.71) and discriminative [M (s.d.) 52.00 (s.d. = 21.97) v. 2.14 (s.d. = 4.00); 95% CI -52.05 to -47.67] validities; and adequate sensitivity to change over time (ES 0.19-0.23). CONCLUSIONS The lay health worker administrated version of adapted WHODAS-Child is a reliable, valid and sensitive-to-change measure of functional disability in children aged 2-12 years with DDs in rural community settings of Pakistan.
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Key Words
- AMOS, Analysis of Moment Structure
- Autism
- CFA, Confirmatory Factor Analysis
- CFI, Comparative Fit Index
- CGAS, Children-Global Assessment of Functioning
- DD-CDAS, Developmental Disorders-Children Disability Assessment Schedule
- DD-CGAS, Developmental Disorders Children-Global Assessment of Functioning
- Developmental Disabilities Children's Global Assessment Scale (DD-CGAS)
- Developmental Disorders-Children Disability Assessment Schedule (DD-CDAS)
- ICC, Interclass Correlation
- ICF, International Classification of Functioning
- ICF-CY, International Classification of Functioning-Children and Youth
- IFI, Incremental Fit Index
- International Classification of Functioning-Children and Youth (ICF-CY)
- LHWs, Lady Health Workers.
- RMSEA, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation
- SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals
- TLI, Tucker–Lewis Index
- TQS, Ten Questions Screen
- VABS, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
- WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0)
- WHO mhGAP, World Health Organization Mental Health Gap Action Programme
- childhood disability
- developmental disorders/disabilities
- functional disability
- intellectual disability
- low-resource settings
- non-specialists
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Usman Hamdani
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zill-e Huma
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mackenzie SG, Davies AR. SHARE IT: Co-designing a sustainability impact assessment framework for urban food sharing initiatives. Environ Impact Assess Rev 2019; 79:106300. [PMID: 31787793 PMCID: PMC6876643 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2019.106300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban food systems must undergo a significant transformation if they are to avoid impeding the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals. One reconfiguration with claimed sustainability benefits is ICT-mediated food sharing - an umbrella term used to refer to technologically-augmented collective or collaborative practices around growing, cooking, eating and redistributing food - which some argue improves environmental efficiencies by reducing waste, providing opportunities to make or save money, building social networks and generally enhancing well-being. However, most sustainability claims for food sharing have not been evidenced by systematically collected and presented data. In this paper we document our response to this mismatch between claims and evidence through the development of the SHARECITY sustainability Impact assessment Toolkit (SHARE IT); a novel Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) framework which has been co-designed with food sharing initiatives to better indicate the impact of food-sharing initiatives in urban food systems. We demonstrate that while several SIA frameworks have been developed to evaluate food systems at the urban scale, they contain few measures that specifically account for impacts of the sharing that initiatives undertake. The main body of the paper focuses on the co-design process undertaken with food sharing initiatives based in Dublin and London. Attention is paid to how two core goals were achieved: 1) the identification of a coherent SIA framework containing appropriate indicators for the activities of food sharing initiatives; and 2) the development of an open access online toolkit for in order to make SIA reporting accessible for food sharing initiatives. In conclusion, the co-design process revealed a number of technical and conceptual challenges, but it also stimulated creative responses to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Mackenzie
- Department of Geography, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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