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Lai SW, Cheng YC, Huang WC, Yadav VK, Fong IH, Yeh CT, Yang CK, Lee WH, Chen MY. Dysregulated expression of slingshot protein phosphatase 1 ( SSH1) disrupts circadian rhythm and WNT signaling associated to hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11033-11051. [PMID: 37837551 PMCID: PMC10637823 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence underscores the circadian rhythm's essential function in liver stability and disease. Its disruption is progressively linked with metabolic issues, oncogene triggers, and heightened cancer susceptibility. Research points to slingshot protein phosphatase 1 (SSH1), a modulator of cofilin-1 (CFL-1), as instrumental in the reformation of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby impacting the invasiveness of various cancer types. Yet, the dynamics of SSH1's influence on liver cell stemness and circadian activity remain unclear. Through in-silico, tissue analysis, and functional assays, the study reveals a significant SSH1 expression in HCC samples, compared to non-cancerous counterparts, across six HCC platforms (AUC between 0.62 and 0.77, p < 0.01). The aberrant expression of SSH1 was correlated with poor patients' survival (HR = 1.70, p = 0.0063) and progression-free (HR = 1.477, p = 0.0187) survival rates. Targeting SSH1, either via Sennoside A or CRISPR SSH1 in Huh7 cells (Huh7-SSH1-/-) significantly suppressed cell viability, migration, invasion, colony and tumorsphere formation of the Huh7-SSH1-/- cells. Mechanistically, we showed that downregulated SSH1 expression suppressed CLOCK, BMAL1, WNT3, β-catenin, LRP5/6, BCL2, VIM and Snail, with concomitant upregulated CFL-1/2, and CRY1 expression, indicating dysregulated circadian rhythm and WNT/β-catenin oncogenic pathway deactivation. Treatments in reflected notable tumor size reductions in the mice treated with SenAlight (1.76-fold, p < 0.01) and SenAdark (3.79-fold, p < 0.01). The expression of SSH1, CLOCK, BMAL1 and β-catenin proteins were significantly downregulated in the SenAlight and SenAdark mice; this was more so in the SenAdark mice. This reveals a potential treatment approach for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiue-Wei Lai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiao Cheng
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Continuing Education Program of Food Biotechnology Applications, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Yang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yao Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Cazzaro S, Fang C, Khan H, Witas R, Kee TR, Woo JAA, Kang DE. Slingshot homolog-1 mediates the secretion of small extracellular vesicles containing misfolded proteins by regulating autophagy cargo receptors and actin dynamics. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:933979. [PMID: 36092812 PMCID: PMC9452914 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.933979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the accumulation misfolded proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) arises from clearance defects in the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Misfolded proteins such as Aβ and tau are secreted in small extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes) and are propagated from cell to cell in part through secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Recent studies suggest that autophagic activity and exosome secretion are coregulated events, and multiple autophagy-related proteins are found in sEVs, including the cargo receptors Sqstm1/p62 and optineurin. However, whether and how autophagy cargo receptors per se regulate the secretion of sEVs is unknown. Moreover, despite the prominent role of actin dynamics in secretory vesicle release, its role in EV secretion is unknown. In this study, we leveraged the dual axes of Slingshot Homolog-1 (SSH1), which inhibits Sqstm1/p62-mediated autophagy and activates cofilin-mediated actin dynamics, to study the regulation of sEV secretion. Here we show that cargo receptors Sqstm1/p62 and optineurin inhibit sEV secretion, an activity that requires their ability to bind ubiquitinated cargo. Conversely, SSH1 increases sEV secretion by dephosphorylating Sqstm1/p62 at pSer403, the phospho-residue that allows Sqstm1/p62 to bind ubiquitinated cargo. In addition, increasing actin dynamics through the SSH1-cofilin activation pathway also increases sEV secretion, which is mimicked by latrunculin B treatment. Finally, Aβ42 oligomers and mutant tau increase sEV secretion and are physically associated with secreted sEVs. These findings suggest that increasing cargo receptor engagement with autophagic cargo and reducing actin dynamics (i.e., SSH1 inhibition) represents an attractive strategy to promote misfolded protein degradation while reducing sEV-mediated cell to cell spread of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cazzaro
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Cenxiao Fang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hirah Khan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Richard Witas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Teresa R. Kee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jung-A. A. Woo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Schiavi-Ehrenhaus LJ, Romarowski A, Jabloñski M, Krapf D, Luque GM, Buffone MG. The early molecular events leading to COFILIN phosphorylation during mouse sperm capacitation are essential for acrosomal exocytosis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101988. [PMID: 35487245 PMCID: PMC9142561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton reorganization during sperm capacitation is essential for the occurrence of acrosomal exocytosis (AR) in several mammalian species. Here, we demonstrate that in mouse sperm, within the first minutes of exposure upon capacitating conditions, the activity of RHOA/C and RAC1 is essential for LIMK1 and COFILIN phosphorylation. However, we observed that the signaling pathway involving RAC1 and PAK4 is the main player in controlling actin polymerization in the sperm head necessary for the occurrence of AR. Moreover, we show that the transient phosphorylation of COFILIN is also influenced by the Slingshot family of protein phosphatases (SSH1). The activity of SSH1 is regulated by the dual action of two pathways. On one hand, RHOA/C and RAC1 activity promotes SSH1 phosphorylation (inactivation). On the other hand, the activating dephosphorylation is driven by okadaic acid-sensitive phosphatases. This regulatory mechanism is independent of the commonly observed activating mechanisms involving PP2B and emerges as a new finely tuned modulation that is, so far, exclusively observed in mouse sperm. However, persistent phosphorylation of COFILIN by SSH1 inhibition or okadaic acid did not altered actin polymerization and the AR. Altogether, our results highlight the role of small GTPases in modulating actin dynamics required for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J Schiavi-Ehrenhaus
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Romarowski
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martina Jabloñski
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío Krapf
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermina M Luque
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariano G Buffone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Namme JN, Bepari AK, Takebayashi H. Cofilin Signaling in the CNS Physiology and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910727. [PMID: 34639067 PMCID: PMC8509315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic cells are composed of the cytoskeleton, which plays crucial roles in coordinating diverse cellular functions such as cell division, morphology, migration, macromolecular stabilization, and protein trafficking. The cytoskeleton consists of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments. Cofilin, an actin-depolymerizing protein, is indispensable for regulating actin dynamics in the central nervous system (CNS) development and function. Cofilin activities are spatiotemporally orchestrated by numerous extra- and intra-cellular factors. Phosphorylation at Ser-3 by kinases attenuate cofilin’s actin-binding activity. In contrast, dephosphorylation at Ser-3 enhances cofilin-induced actin depolymerization. Cofilin functions are also modulated by various binding partners or reactive oxygen species. Although the mechanism of cofilin-mediated actin dynamics has been known for decades, recent research works are unveiling the profound impacts of cofilin dysregulation in neurodegenerative pathophysiology. For instance, oxidative stress-induced increase in cofilin dephosphorylation is linked to the accumulation of tau tangles and amyloid-beta plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. In Parkinson’s disease, cofilin activation by silencing its upstream kinases increases α-synuclein-fibril entry into the cell. This review describes the molecular mechanism of cofilin-mediated actin dynamics and provides an overview of cofilin’s importance in CNS physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatun Nayem Namme
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
| | - Asim Kumar Bepari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (A.K.B.); (H.T.)
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.K.B.); (H.T.)
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Sousa-Squiavinato ACM, Vasconcelos RI, Gehren AS, Fernandes PV, de Oliveira IM, Boroni M, Morgado-Díaz JA. Cofilin-1, LIMK1 and SSH1 are differentially expressed in locally advanced colorectal cancer and according to consensus molecular subtypes. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:69. [PMID: 33482809 PMCID: PMC7821653 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the deadliest cancers, wherein early dissemination of tumor cells, and consequently, metastasis formation, are the main causes of mortality and poor prognosis. Cofilin-1 (CFL-1) and its modulators, LIMK1/SSH1, play key roles in mediating the invasiveness by driving actin cytoskeleton reorganization in various cancer types. However, their clinical significance and prognostic value in CRC has not been fully explored. Here, we evaluated the clinical contribution of these actin regulators according to TNM and consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) classification. Methods CFL-1, LIMK1 and SSH1 mRNA/protein levels were assessed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses using normal adjacent and tumor tissues obtained from a clinical cohort of CRC patients. The expression levels of these proteins were associated with clinicopathological features by using the chi square test. In addition, using RNA-Seq data of CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we determine how these actin regulators are expressed and distributed according to TNM and CMSs classification. Based on gene expression profiling, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluated overall survival. Results Bioinformatic analysis revealed that LIMK1 expression was upregulated in all tumor stages. Patients with high levels of LIMK1 demonstrated significantly lower overall survival rates and exhibited greater lymph node metastatic potential in a clinical cohort. In contrast, CFL-1 and SSH1 have expression downregulated in all tumor stages. However, immunohistochemical analyses showed that patients with high protein levels of CFL-1 and SSH1 exhibited greater lymph node metastatic potential and greater depth of local invasion. In addition, using the CMSs classification to evaluate different biological phenotypes of CRC, we observed that LIMK1 and SSH1 genes are upregulated in immune (CMS1) and mesenchymal (CMS4) subtypes. However, patients with high levels of LIMK1 also demonstrated significantly lower overall survival rates in canonical (CMS2), and metabolic (CMS3) subtypes. Conclusions We demonstrated that CFL-1 and its modulators, LIMK1/SSH1, are differentially expressed and associated with lymph node metastasis in CRC. Finally, this expression profile may be useful to predict patients with aggressive signatures, particularly, the immune and mesenchymal subtypes of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Cristhine Moraes Sousa-Squiavinato
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, 3th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Renata Ivo Vasconcelos
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, 3th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sartorio Gehren
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, 3th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Boroni
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Andrés Morgado-Díaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, 3th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil.
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Abstract
The defining pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are proteinopathies marked by the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau. In addition, Hirano bodies and cofilin-actin rods are extensively found in AD brains, both of which are associated with the actin cytoskeleton. The actin-binding protein cofilin known for its actin filament severing, depolymerizing, nucleating, and bundling activities has emerged as a significant player in AD pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the regulation of cofilin by multiple signaling events impinging on LIM kinase-1 (LIMK1) and/or Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH1) downstream of Aβ. Such pathophysiological signaling pathways impact actin dynamics to regulate synaptic integrity, mitochondrial translocation of cofilin to promote neurotoxicity, and formation of cofilin-actin pathology. Other intracellular signaling proteins, such as β-arrestin, RanBP9, Chronophin, PLD1, and 14-3-3 also impinge on the regulation of cofilin downstream of Aβ. Finally, we discuss the role of activated cofilin as a bridge between actin and microtubule dynamics by displacing tau from microtubules, thereby destabilizing tau-induced microtubule assembly, missorting tau, and promoting tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Kang
- Byrd Institute and Alzheimer's Center, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Division of Research, James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jung A Woo
- Byrd Institute and Alzheimer's Center, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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Fang C, Woo JAA, Liu T, Zhao X, Cazzaro S, Yan Y, Matlack J, Kee T, LePochat P, Kang DE. SSH1 impedes SQSTM1/p62 flux and MAPT/Tau clearance independent of CFL (cofilin) activation. Autophagy 2020; 17:2144-2165. [PMID: 33044112 PMCID: PMC8496729 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1816663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of toxic protein assemblies and damaged mitochondria are key features of neurodegenerative diseases, which arise in large part from clearance defects in the Macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome system. The autophagy cargo receptor SQSTM1/p62 plays a major role in the clearance of ubiquitinated cargo through Ser403 phosphorylation by multiple kinases. However, no phosphatase is known to physiologically dephosphorylate SQSTM1 on this activating residue. RNAi-mediated knockdown and overexpression experiments using genetically encoded fluorescent reporters and defined mutant constructs in cell lines, primary neurons, and brains show that SSH1, the canonical CFL (cofilin) phosphatase, mediates the dephosphorylation of phospho-Ser403-SQSTM1, thereby impairing SQSTM1 flux and phospho-MAPT/tau clearance. The inhibitory action of SSH1 on SQSTM1 is fully dependent on SQSTM1 Ser403 phosphorylation status and is separable from SSH1-mediated CFL activation. These findings reveal a unique action of SSH1 on SQSTM1 independent of CFL and implicate an inhibitory role of SSH1 in SQSTM1-mediated clearance of autophagic cargo, including phospho-MAPT/tau. Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; Aβ42O: amyloid β1-42 oligomers; AD: Alzheimer disease; CA3: cornu Ammonis 3; CSNK2/CK2: casein kinase 2; FCCP: 2-[2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]-propanedinitrile; FTLD: frontotemporal lobar degeneration; GFP: green fluorescent protein; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome-1; PLA: proximity ligation assay; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RIPA: radioimmunoprecipitation assay; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; siRNA: small interfering RNA; Ser403: Serine403; SSH1: slingshot protein phosphatase 1; TBK1: TANK-binding kinase 1; ULK: unc-51 like kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenxiao Fang
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jung-A A Woo
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sara Cazzaro
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jenet Matlack
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Kee
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Patrick LePochat
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David E Kang
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
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Luo X, He JY, Xu J, Hu SY, Mo BH, Shu QX, Chen C, Gong YZ, Zhao XL, Xie GF, Yu ST. Vascular NRP2 triggers PNET angiogenesis by activating the SSH1-cofilin axis. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:113. [PMID: 32983407 PMCID: PMC7509939 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is a critical step in the growth of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and may be a selective target for PNET therapy. However, PNETs are robustly resistant to current anti-angiogenic therapies that primarily target the VEGFR pathway. Thus, the mechanism of PNET angiogenesis urgently needs to be clarified. Methods Dataset analysis was used to identify angiogenesis-related genes in PNETs. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the relationship among Neuropilin 2 (NRP2), VEGFR2 and CD31. Cell proliferation, wound-healing and tube formation assays were performed to clarify the function of NRP2 in angiogenesis. The mechanism involved in NRP2-induced angiogenesis was detected by constructing plasmids with mutant variants and performing Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. A mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of the NRP2 antibody in vivo, and clinical data were collected from patient records to verify the association between NRP2 and patient prognosis. Results NRP2, a VEGFR2 co-receptor, was positively correlated with vascularity but not with VEGFR2 in PNET tissues. NRP2 promoted the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in the presence of conditioned medium PNET cells via a VEGF/VEGFR2-independent pathway. Moreover, NRP2 induced F-actin polymerization by activating the actin-binding protein cofilin. Cofilin phosphatase slingshot-1 (SSH1) was highly expressed in NRP2-activating cofilin, and silencing SSH1 ameliorated NRP2-activated HUVEC migration and F-actin polymerization. Furthermore, blocking NRP2 in vivo suppressed PNET angiogenesis and tumor growth. Finally, elevated NRP2 expression was associated with poor prognosis in PNET patients. Conclusion Vascular NRP2 promotes PNET angiogenesis by activating the SSH1/cofilin/actin axis. Our findings demonstrate that NRP2 is an important regulator of angiogenesis and a potential therapeutic target of anti-angiogenesis therapy for PNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Yi He
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yi Hu
- Nursing Division, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Hui Mo
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Xia Shu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhu Gong
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan-Feng Xie
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Tao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Bukhari AAS, Zhang X, Li M, Zhao A, Dong H, Liang X. Cofilin participates in regulating alpha-epithelial sodium channel by interaction with 14-3-3 isoforms. J Biomed Res 2020; 34:351-360. [PMID: 32981895 PMCID: PMC7540242 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.34.20190155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and sodium absorption. While insulin participates in controlling sodium transport across the renal epithelium, the underlying molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that insulin increased the expression and function of alpha-epithelial sodium channel (α-ENaC) as well as phosphorylation of cofilin, a family of actin-binding proteins which disassembles actin filaments, in mouse cortical collecting duct (mpkCCDc14) cells. The wild-type (WT) cofilin and its constitutively phosphorylated form (S3D), but not its constitutively non-phosphorylable form (S3A), contributed to the elevated expression on α-ENaC. Overexpression of 14-3-3ε, β, or γ increased the expression of α-ENaC and cofilin phosphorylation, which was blunted by knockdown of 14-3-3ε, β, or γ. Moreover, it was found that insulin increased the interaction between cofilin and 14-3-3 isoforms, which indicated relevance of 14-3-3 isoforms with cofilin. Furthermore, LIMK1/SSH1 pathway was involved in regulation of cofilin and α-ENaC expression by insulin. The results from this work indicate that cofilin participates in the regulation of α-ENaC by interaction with 14-3-3 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiubin Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology;Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Fukuda R, Gunawan F, Ramadass R, Beisaw A, Konzer A, Mullapudi ST, Gentile A, Maischein HM, Graumann J, Stainier DYR. Mechanical Forces Regulate Cardiomyocyte Myofilament Maturation via the VCL- SSH1-CFL Axis. Dev Cell 2019; 51:62-77.e5. [PMID: 31495694 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces regulate cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis. During cardiac development, mechanical stimuli from the heartbeat are required for cardiomyocyte maturation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we first show that the forces of the contracting heart regulate the localization and activation of the cytoskeletal protein vinculin (VCL), which we find to be essential for myofilament maturation. To further analyze the role of VCL in this process, we examined its interactome in contracting versus non-contracting cardiomyocytes and, in addition to several known interactors, including actin regulators, identified the slingshot protein phosphatase SSH1. We show how VCL recruits SSH1 and its effector, the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin (CFL), to regulate F-actin rearrangement and promote cardiomyocyte myofilament maturation. Overall, our results reveal that mechanical forces generated by cardiac contractility regulate cardiomyocyte maturation through the VCL-SSH1-CFL axis, providing further insight into how mechanical forces are transmitted intracellularly to regulate myofilament maturation.
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Singla B, Lin HP, Ghoshal P, Cherian-Shaw M, Csányi G. PKCδ stimulates macropinocytosis via activation of SSH1-cofilin pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 53:111-121. [PMID: 30261270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an actin-dependent endocytic mechanism mediating internalization of extracellular fluid and associated solutes into cells. The present study was designed to identify the specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoform(s) and downstream effectors regulating actin dynamics during macropinocytosis. We utilized various cellular and molecular biology techniques, pharmacological inhibitors and genetically modified mice to study the signaling mechanisms mediating macropinocytosis in macrophages. The qRT-PCR experiments identified PKCδ as the predominant PKC isoform in macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis of FITC-dextran internalization demonstrated the functional role of PKCδ in phorbol ester- and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced macropinocytosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that phorbol ester and HGF stimulate activation of slingshot phosphatase homolog 1 (SSH1) and induce cofilin Ser-3 dephosphorylation via PKCδ in macrophages. Silencing of SSH1 inhibited cofilin dephosphorylation and macropinocytosis stimulation. Interestingly, we also found that incubation of macrophages with BMS-5, a potent inhibitor of LIM kinase, does not stimulate macropinocytosis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrate a previously unidentified mechanism by which PKCδ via activation of SSH1 and cofilin dephosphorylation stimulates membrane ruffle formation and macropinocytosis. The results of the present study may contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms during macrophage macropinocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Maimaiti Y, Maimaitiming M, Li Y, Aibibula S, Ainiwaer A, Aili A, Sun Z, Abudureyimu K. SSH1 expression is associated with gastric cancer progression and predicts a poor prognosis. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:12. [PMID: 29338701 PMCID: PMC5771149 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH1) plays an important role in pathological processes, including in the occurrence and development of tumours. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SSH1 is a key biomarker with prognostic value for survival in patients with gastric cancer. Methods We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays containing 100 gastric cancer specimens to evaluate SSH1 protein expression. The association of pathological characteristics with cumulative survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was generated in the multi-factorial survival analysis to identify univariate prognostic factors of GC. Results SSH1 expression level in gastric cancer tissues was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.032). Additionally, multivariate regression analysis clearly indicated that SSH1 expression was significantly correlated with poor clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.016). Multivariate analyses showed that SSH1 was the best predictor of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.030). Conclusions SSH1 expression is associated with gastric cancer progression and predicts a poor prognosis. SSH1 may play an important role in the development of gastric cancer, and it is a promising target for prevention and/or treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusufu Maimaiti
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Maimaitiaili Maimaitiming
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Saifuding Aibibula
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Azatijiang Ainiwaer
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Aikebaier Aili
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Kelimu Abudureyimu
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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Zafar S, Younas N, Sheikh N, Tahir W, Shafiq M, Schmitz M, Ferrer I, Andréoletti O, Zerr I. Cytoskeleton-Associated Risk Modifiers Involved in Early and Rapid Progression of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4009-4029. [PMID: 28573459 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A high priority in the prion field is to identify pre-symptomatic events and associated profile of molecular changes. In this study, we demonstrate the pre-symptomatic dysregulation of cytoskeleton assembly and its associated cofilin-1 pathway in strain and brain region-specific manners in MM1 and VV2 subtype-specific Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease at clinical and pre-clinical stage. At physiological level, PrPC interaction with cofilin-1 and phosphorylated form of cofilin (p-cofilin(Ser3)) was investigated in primary cultures of mouse cortex neurons (PCNs) of PrPC wild-type and knockout mice (PrP-/-). Short-interfering RNA downregulation of active form of cofilin-1 resulted in the redistribution/downregulation of PrPC, increase of activated form of microglia, accumulation of dense form of F-actin, and upregulation of p-cofilin(Ser3). This upregulated p-cofilin(Ser3) showed redistribution of expression predominantly in the activated form of microglia in PCNs. At pathological level, cofilin-1 expression was significantly altered in cortex and cerebellum in both humans and mice at pre-clinical stage and at early symptomatic clinical stage of the disease. Further, to better understand the possible mechanism of dysregulation of cofilin-1, we also demonstrated alterations in upstream regulators; LIM kinase isoform 1 (LIMK1), slingshot phosphatase isoform 1 (SSH1), RhoA-associated kinase (Rock2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease MM1 mice and in human MM1 and VV2 frontal cortex and cerebellum samples. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated for the first time a key pre-clinical response of cofilin-1 and the associated pathway in prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Neelam Younas
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Tahir
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mohsin Shafiq
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, IDIBELL-University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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Xiang Y, Zheng K, Zhong M, Chen J, Wang X, Wang Q, Wang S, Ren Z, Fan J, Wang Y. Ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent slingshot 1 downregulation in neuronal cells inactivates cofilin to facilitate HSV-1 replication. Virology 2013; 449:88-95. [PMID: 24418541 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Actin and its regulators are critical for neuronal function. Infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) remodels neuronal cell actin dynamics, which may relate virus-induced pathological processes in the nervous system. We previously demonstrated that cofilin is an actin regulator that participates in HSV-1-induced actin dynamics in neuronal cells, but how HSV-1 regulates cofilin has remained unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated the HSV-1-induced the inactivation of cofilin and the accumulation of phosphorylated cofilin in the nucleus, which together benefited viral replication. This consistent cofilin inactivation was achieved by the downregulation of slingshot 1 (SSH1). Notably, virus-induced SSH1 downregulation depended on the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Cofilin inactivation is therefore critical for HSV-1 replication during neuronal infection and is maintained by SSH1 downregulation. Moreover, these results provide new insight into the HSV-1-induced neurological pathogenesis and suggest potential new strategies to inhibit HSV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfei Xiang
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meigong Zhong
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-City 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yifei Wang
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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