Medial Soft Tissue-Preserving Technique Impact on Sagittal Stability in Bi-cruciate Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background

Sagittal stability in total knee arthroplasty is achieved through complex processes enabled by prosthetic design and intraoperative soft tissue balancing. This study investigated the effects of preserving medial soft tissue on sagittal stability in bicruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty (BCS TKA).

Method

This retrospective study included 110 patients who underwent primary BCS TKA. The patients were divided into two groups: 44 TKAs were performed releasing medial soft tissue (CON group), and 66 TKAs were performed preserving medial soft tissue (MP group). We assessed joint laxity using tensor device and anteroposterior translation immediately after surgery using the arthrometer at 30° knee flexion. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed according to preoperative demographic and intraoperative medial joint laxity, and further comparisons between the two groups were performed.

Result

After PSM analysis, medial joint laxity in the mid-flexion range tended to be smaller in the MP group than in the CONT group, with a significant difference at 60 degrees (CON group: - 0.2 ± 0.9 mm, MP group: 0.8 ± 1.3 mm, P < 0.05). Anteroposterior translation was significantly different between the two cohorts (CON group: 11.6 ± 2.5 mm, MP group: 8.0 ± 3.1 mm, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the effects of preserving medial soft tissue on postoperative sagittal stability in BCS TKA. We concluded that this surgical procedure enhances postoperative sagittal stability in the mid-flexion range in BCS TKA.