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Chen H, Sheng J, Ye Q, Li J, Yu X, Wu H, Zhang R, Zhao S, Zou X, Li X, Xue G, Yuan B. Efficient resource recovery from food waste digestate via hydrothermal treatment and its application as organic fertilizer. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2025; 416:131742. [PMID: 39542059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
With the continuous recognition of green, organic and non-polluting products, organic fertilizers play an increasingly vital role in agricultural production. Among them, hydrochar-based organic fertilizer has attracted widespread attention recently. The present study evaluated the potential of digestate from anaerobic digestion of food waste for the preparation of hydrochar-based organic fertilizer by straw-based, FeCl3-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Under the optimal conditions, a hydrochar-based organic fertilizer with > 25 wt% humus content and limited pollution risk was successfully prepared. The pot experiment demonstrated the feasibility of improving the physicochemical properties of red soil and promoting crop growth after adding hydrochar in place of commercial fertilizer. In addition, the function of zeolite on nutrient recovery in hydrothermal liquid (HTL) was analyzed, and preparing the slow-release organic fertilizer by mixing the nutrient-rich zeolite with hydrochar in a mass ratio of 1:4 was proposed. This work has significant implications for achieving the efficient resource recovery of digestate.
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Ma Y, Shen Y, Jin L, Tian Y, Ma H, Lan J, Fu B. Vegetation-soil-microbiota dynamics across a 50-year reconstructed grassland chronosequence on the Loess Plateau of China. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18723. [PMID: 39717049 PMCID: PMC11665427 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) establishment is an effective strategy for grassland reconstruction in degraded ecosystems. However, the mechanisms underlying vegetation succession in reconstructed grasslands following alfalfa establishment remain elusive. In this study, we investigated vegetation community, soil quality and rhizosphere microbiota dynamics across a reconstructed grassland chronosequence in the loess region of Northwest China. A space-for-time substitution method was used to evaluate grassland vegetation coverage and alfalfa production performance in nine stands of different ages (1-50 years old). High-throughput sequencing was conducted to characterise rhizosphere microbial communities associated with alfalfa. The plant heights, yields and stem-to-leaf ratios of alfalfa all peaked in the 7-year-old stand and then decreased in older stands, with Stipa bungeana replacing alfalfa as the dominant species in the 50-year-old stand. Soil bulk density and major nutrient contents were highest in the artificial grassland (1-10 years). Soil enzyme activities (e.g., urease and sucrase) were enhanced in the transitional grassland (10-30 years), accompanied by enrichment of potentially beneficial microbial taxa (e.g., Actinobacteria and Mortierella) and functional fungi (e.g., saprotrophs and symbiotrophs) in the rhizosphere. Soil water content, total porosity and rhizosphere microbial diversity reached their maximum levels in the natural grassland (>30 years). The results indicate that alfalfa establishment alters soil structure and nutrient status in the short term, creating an optimal rhizosphere micro-environment. The improved soil conditions and rhizosphere microbiota are favourable for subsequent establishment of native grass species, leading to the formation of a stable semi-natural grasslands.
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Jia L, Sun N, Fang L, Cheng X, Huang X. Enhancing the phytoextraction capacity of chromium-contaminated soil by co-addition of garbage enzymes and microelectrolytic iron-carbon fillers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 363:125224. [PMID: 39505097 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Most improved strategies for phytoextraction do not achieve a synergistic enhancement of chromium (Cr) accumulation capacity and biomass. This study investigated the impacts of co-addition of garbage enzyme (GE) and microelectrolytic iron-carbon filler (MF) on soil physicochemical properties, as well as form and uptake of Cr during aging and phytoextraction process. The response of rhizosphere microbial community to co-addition and its role in enhancing the remediation performance of ryegrass was further analyzed. Co-addition of GE and MF during the 12-day aging process resulted in an increase of nutrients, a shift from an oxidising to a reducing soil environment, a decrease of Cr(VI) content, and an enhancement of soil microbial community diversity and richness, creating a suitable environment for subsequent phytoextraction. During the 40-day phytoextraction process, co-addition played a crucial role in facilitating the establishment of a complex, efficient and interdependent ecological network among soil microorganisms and contributed to the evolution of microbial community composition and functional pathways. An increase in the relative abundance of Trichococcus, Azospirillum and g_norank_f_JG30-KF-CM45 elevated soil nutrient levels, while a decrease in the relative abundance of TM7a and Brucella reduced pathogen harbouring. Meanwhile, co-addition increased the relative abundance of Bacillus, Arthrobacter and Exiguobacterium, attenuated Cr phytotoxicity and improved soil biochemical activity. These markedly diminished oxidative damage and improved ryegrass growth by reducing malondialdehyde accumulation. In addition, regular additions of GE and the increase in relative abundance of norank_fnorank_o_Microtrichales led to rhizosphere acidification, which inhibited short-term Cr immobilization and contributed to a notable increase in phytoextraction efficiency. This study presents a strategy to enhance phytoremediation efficiency and soil quality during phytoextraction of Cr-contaminated soils.
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Han Z, Zhao X, Tong B, Mu Y, Yang X, Hou Y, Zhu Z. Preparation of agriculture film from cow manure for silage maize planting: Experimental study and life cycle assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 190:465-476. [PMID: 39423712 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
With the development of modern breeding technology, the scale of dairy farming is becoming increasingly large, which leading to decoupling of planting and breeding. Hence, massive amounts of manure could not handled by traditional method in time, which caused serious environmental problems. Therefor, there is a urgent needs for industrialized treatment methods to treat cow manure for dairy farm industry. In order to expand the types of industrial treatment methods of cow manure, two types of industrialized cow manure based agriculture films were introduced in this research, manure slurry film (MSF) and manure paper film (MPF). Taking silage corn cultivation as an example, their feasibility were testified: the usage performances of the films were expanded by crop yield and soil physicochemical properties, and environmental impacts of the films was conducted by life cycle assessment (LCA). The results showed: (1) both MSF and MPF would decomposed in one growth period of silage maize, with MPF having better performance in temperature retention; (2) both MSF and MPF improved soil nutrients and agglomerate structures; (3) the yield of maize with MSF and MPF was increased from 62.6 t to 88.4 t and 84.6 t per hectare compared to control group; and (4) according to LCA, MPF had 39 % and 50 % lower average environment impact than PE film and MSF. In conclusion, manure based films could effectively promotes crop growth with lower environment impact compared with traditional methods, which thus might provide effective linkage strategies for coupling of planting and breeding.
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Wang X, Xu J, Chen W, Shi Y, Liu F, Jiang H. A new strategy integrating peroxymonosulfate oxidation and soil amendments in contaminated soil: Bensulfuron methyl degradation, soil quality improvement and maize growth promotion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135852. [PMID: 39298944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Bensulfuron methyl (BSM) residues have caused serious yield reductions of sensitive crops. Chemical oxidation is an effective remediation technology, while it affects soil quality and subsequent agricultural activity, necessitating approriate improvement measures. So Fe2O3-Mn3O4 with excellent bimetallic synergistic effect was synthesized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for BSM degradation. The catalytic activity and influencing factors were systematically predetermined in water in view of soil remediation. Results showed Fe2O3-Mn3O4/PMS oxidized 99.3 % BSM within 60 min with the help of multi-reactive species and electron transfer. Meanwhile, Fe2O3-Mn3O4/PMS treatment exhibited technical feasibility in soil that 97.6 % BSM was degraded in 5 days under the low usages of Fe2O3-Mn3O4 (0.8 %) and PMS (0.15 %). Although Fe2O3-Mn3O4/PMS decreased BSM phytotoxicity and improved maize growth, a few gaps existed between the remediated group and uncontaminated group, including biomass, length, available potassium, organic matters, pH, redox potential (Eh) and sulfate content. The introductions of biochar and chitosan in remediated soils promoted growth, increased organic matters content, improved soil resistance to acidification and decreased Eh, alleviating the negative effects of Fe2O3-Mn3O4/PMS. Overall, the study provided new insights into the combination of Fe2O3-Mn3O4/PMS and biochar and chitosan in BSM-contaminated soil, achieving BSM degradation and improvements of soil quality and plant growth.
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Mohan I, Mohan R, Bhau BS, Dhar S, Shivgotra VK, Pathania D. Quantitative analysis of soil quality around brick kilns using pollution indices and ANOVA in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119851. [PMID: 39208969 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated soil quality around brick kilns in the Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir, analyzing 200 samples from 50 sites for selected parameters such as pH, electrical conductiv1ity, soil temperature, organic carbon content, organic matter, macronutrients, and heavy metals. The findings revealed that soil electrical conductivity ranged from 0.33 to 0.63 dS/m, with significant differences observed at varying distances from the kilns. Copper concentrations were highest at 5.32 mg/kg near the kilns, while iron and lead levels also varied significantly, indicating potential contamination. The mean soil temperature was recorded to be 27.69°C.The pH values ranged from 6.5 to 7.8, and the average pH of 8.22 indicated the slightly alkaline nature of the soil around the brick kilns. The organic carbon ranged from 0.34% to 1.02%.Soil temperature and electrical conductivity decreased with increasing distance from the kilns, with temperature showing positive correlations with organic carbon, organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, and iron and negative correlations with pH, phosphorus, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium. A perfect positive correlation was noted among nitrogen, organic carbon, and organic matter. Heavy metals, except for zinc and manganese, showed positive correlations with each other. The average Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb and Cd concentration was recorded as 1.07, 1.03, 6.71, 10.30, 37.04 and 1.91 ppm, respectively. The contamination factor indicated moderate contamination with lead and cadmium, while the geo-accumulation index also suggested moderate contamination. The pollution load index reflected unpolluted soil and enrichment factor values for heavy metals ranked as Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Mn > Fe.ANOVA results revealed significant variations in electrical conductivity, copper, iron, and lead, underscoring the potential environmental impacts at different distances from the kilns. However, no significant differences were found between agricultural and non-agricultural sites in other physicochemical parameters. These variations highlight the considerable impact of brick kilns on soil health, emphasizing the need for enhanced environmental management and further research to mitigate these effects.
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Liu RZ, Borjigin Q, Gao JL, Yu XF, Hu SP, Li RP. Effects of different straw return methods on soil properties and yield potential of maize. Sci Rep 2024; 14:28682. [PMID: 39562621 PMCID: PMC11577005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term continual straw return can enhance soil quality and increase crop yields by perpetually altering the soil environment. However, little is known about how different straw return methods affect soil physicochemical properties, enzymatic processes, and crop yields. The study aims to determine how different straw return practices improve soil structure, nutrients, enzyme activities, and maize yields. In this experiment, a field trial was conducted in 2021-2022 in the irrigated area of the Tumochuan Plain Irrigation District to determine the effects of four different straw returns on soil structure, nutrients, enzyme activities, soil quality, and maize yields. The four types of straw return included straw incorporation with deep tillage (DPR), straw incorporation with subsoiling (SSR), no-tillage mulching straw return, and farmer's shallow rotation (CK). Our results showed that DPR and SSR enhanced water retention capacity by reducing the bulk weight of the 0-45 cm soil layer. DPR and SSR significantly increased soil organic C (12.76%), total nitrogen (25.32%), and available nutrients (i.e. AP, NO3--N) in the 0-45 cm soil layer compared to CK, whereas there were no differences between straw-returned treatments in the 0-15 cm soil layer. Finally, maize yield was significantly increased by 13.14% and 11.41% in the second year of DPR and SSR, respectively, compared to CK. This study demonstrated that DPR and SSR are effective at enhancing the agricultural utilization of crop residues and represent feasible strategies for improving physical, chemical, and biological processes in continuous maize cropping systems, leading to increased crop productivity.
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Cao Y, Ghani MI, Ahmad N, Bibi N, Ghafoor A, Liu J, Gou J, Zou X. Garlic stalk waste and arbuscular mycorrhizae mitigate challenges in continuously monocropping eggplant obstacles by modulating physiochemical properties and fungal community structure. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:1065. [PMID: 39528940 PMCID: PMC11555963 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Continuous vegetable production under plastic tunnels faces challenges like soil degradation, increased soil-borne pathogens, and diminished eggplant yield. These factors collectively threaten the long-term sustainability of food security by diminishing the productivity and resilience of agricultural soils. This research examined the use of raw garlic stalk (RGS) waste and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as a sustainable solution for these issues in eggplant monoculture. We hypothesized that the combined application of RGS waste and AMF would improve soil physicochemical properties compared to untreated soil in eggplant monoculture. The combined use of RGS and AMF was expected to suppress soil-borne pathogens, increase the abundance of soil beneficial microorganisms and alter fungal community structure. The combined application of RGS and AMF will significantly enhance eggplant yield compared to untreated plots. This study aimed to determine whether AMF and RGS, individually or in combination, can ameliorate the adverse effects of monoculture on eggplant soil. We also investigated whether these treatments could enhance eggplant yield. METHODS The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments: AMF, RGS, and a combined treatment of AMF + RGS (ARGS), along with a control. Each treatment was replicated three times, Eggplant seedlings inoculated with AMF and treated with RGS amendments, both individually and combined. The effects on root traits, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and fungal community structure were investigated. RESULTS RGS amendments and AMF inoculation improved root length, volume, and mycorrhizal colonization. The combined treatment showed the most significant improvement. RGS and AMF application increased soil nutrient availability (N, P, K) and organic matter content. Enzyme activities also increased with RGS and AMF treatments, with the combined application showing the highest activity. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) increased, while soil pH decreased with RGS and AMF amendments. Sequencing revealed a shift in the fungal community structure. Ascomycota abundance decreased, while Basidiomycota abundance increased with RGS and AMF application. The combined treatment reduced the abundance of pathogenic genera (Fusarium) and enriched beneficial taxa (Chaetomium, Coprinellus, Aspergillus). Pearson correlations supported the hypothesis that soil physicochemical properties influence fungal community composition. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential of co-applying RGS and AMF in continuous cropping systems. It enhances soil physicochemical properties, reduces soil-borne pathogens, and promotes beneficial microbial communities and eggplant yield. This combined approach offers a sustainable strategy to address the challenges associated with eggplant monoculture under plastic tunnels.
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Kracmarova-Farren M, Alexova E, Kodatova A, Mercl F, Szakova J, Tlustos P, Demnerova K, Stiborova H. Biochar-induced changes in soil microbial communities: a comparison of two feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:87. [PMID: 39516989 PMCID: PMC11549753 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of a biochar in agronomical soil offers a dual benefit of improving soil quality and sustainable waste recycling. However, utilizing new organic waste sources requires exploring the biochar's production conditions and application parameters. Woodchips (W) and bone-meat residues (BM) after mechanical deboning from a poultry slaughterhouse were subjected to pyrolysis at 300 °C and 500 °C and applied to cambisol and luvisol soils at ratios of 2% and 5% (w/w). RESULTS Initially, the impact of these biochar amendments on soil prokaryotes was studied over the course of one year. The influence of biochar variants was further studied on prokaryotes and fungi living in the soil, rhizosphere, and roots of Triticum aestivum L., as well as on soil enzymatic activity. Feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, application dose, and soil type all played significant roles in shaping both soil and endophytic microbial communities. BM treated at a lower pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota while causing a substantial decrease in soil microbial diversity. Conversely, BM prepared at 500 °C favored the growth of microbes known for their involvement in various nutrient cycles. The W biochar, especially when pyrolysed at 500 °C, notably affected microbial communities, particularly in acidic cambisol compared to luvisol. In cambisol, biochar treatments had a significant impact on prokaryotic root endophytes of T. aestivum L. Additionally, variations in prokaryotic community structure of the rhizosphere depended on the increasing distance from the root system (2, 4, and 6 mm). The BM biochar enhanced the activity of acid phosphatase, whereas the W biochar increased the activity of enzymes involved in the carbon cycle (β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase). CONCLUSIONS These results collectively suggest, that under appropriate production conditions, biochar can exert a positive influence on soil microorganisms, with their response closely tied to the biochar feedstock composition. Such insights are crucial for optimizing biochar application in agricultural practices to enhance soil health.
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Abrol V, Sharma P, Chary GR, Srinivasarao C, Maruthi Sankar GR, Singh B, Kumar A, Hashem A, Ibrahimova U, Abd-Allah EF, Kumar M. Integrated organic and mineral fertilizer strategies for achieving sustainable maize yield and soil quality in dry sub-humid inceptisols. Sci Rep 2024; 14:27227. [PMID: 39516224 PMCID: PMC11549297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Maize is one of the important cereal crops grown in rainfed regions of northwestern Himalayas, however, persistent use of chemical fertilizers coupled with poor soil nutrients and water holding capacity due to coarse textured soils poses serious threat to sustaining maize yield and soil health. To address these bottlenecks, a long-term experiment with application of organic manures and mineral fertilizer provides insights to quantify changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), crop yield and rain water use efficiency (RWUE) in rainfed area having low water use efficiency. A twelve years field experiment was conducted under dry sub-humid Inceptisols in northern India to study the potential impacts of organic and mineral fertilization on maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, water use efficiency and soil quality. Ten treatments were assessed, involving different nitrogen levels (20, 30, and 40 kg N ha⁻¹) combined with 10 tha⁻¹ year⁻¹ of farmyard manure (FYM), in-situ green manure from sunhemp, and the incorporation of Leucaena leucocephala leaves at 5 tha⁻¹ year⁻¹, including an unfertilized control. Maize yield increased linearly with increasing nitrogen application rates. The combination of FYM @ 10t ha-1 and 40 kg N ha-1(T4) yielded the highest maize production. Manure addition improved soil organic carbon (SOC) and major soil nutrients (N, P and K) while unfertilized control showed decline in soil nutrients compared to their initial values. Compared with control, incorporation of 10 t ha-1 FYM increased SOC by 1.3, 1.41, 1.44 times at application rate of 20, 30, 40 kg N ha-1, respectively. Application of N@40 kg ha-1 + 10t FYM ha-1 showed highest rain water use efficiency (RWUE) and relative production efficiency index (RPEI) (2.74 kg ha-1 mm-1 and 82, respectively) and the lowest rank sum of 6. Highly significant positive relationship existed between RPEI and RWUE, RPEI and sustainability yield index (SYI), RWUE and SYI indicated the superiority of FYM in combination with mineral fertilizer. Regression models, correlating yield with monthly rainfall and crop growing periods, indicated that the integration of FYM (10 tha⁻¹) with 40 kg N ha⁻¹ was most effective in achieving the highest relative soil quality index (RSQI) of 76 and the greatest sustainability yield index (SYI) of 49.3%. Based on results, we recommend balanced fertilization (N@40 kg ha-1 +10t FYM ha-1) which is easily manageable by farmers as the optimal strategy for improving soil quality and achieving sustainable maize productivity in nutrient depleted Inceptisols of northern India.
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de Moura JB, Ramos MLG, de Freitas Konrad ML, Saggin Júnior OJ, Dos Santos Lucas L, Ribeiro Junior WQ. Effects of direct and conventional planting systems on mycorrhizal activity in wheat grown in the Cerrado. Sci Rep 2024; 14:24793. [PMID: 39433806 PMCID: PMC11493960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct planting systems offer several benefits to the soil and plants, as reflected in soil organisms. The Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are extremely sensitive to environmental changes and can be used as indicators of soil quality. This study focused on the native diversity of mycorrhizae in the region. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate mycorrhizal colonization, spore density, soil glomalin content and species diversity in five wheat genotypes under direct and conventional planting systems. This work was carried out in the experimental area of Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil. The rates of mycorrhizal colonization, spore density and easily extractable glomalin were evaluated, and species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were identified in five wheat genotypes under direct and conventional planting. For all the genotypes under conventional planting, there was a decrease in mycorrhizal colonization, the number of spores in the rhizosphere and the amount of easily extractable glomalin. The composition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community differed among the wheat genotypes and management systems. The richness of morphospecies of AMF in the direct planting system was similar to that in the conventional system, with twelve species each, but the conventional system reduced root colonization and spore density. The most common species were A. scrobiculata, Si. tortuosum and G. macrocarpum, which were found in all the genotypes in both cultivation systems.
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Gu X, Yin R, Cai W, Chen P, Cui K, Du Y, Li Y, Cai H. Residual plastic film decreases crop yield and water use efficiency through direct negative effects on soil physicochemical properties and root growth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174204. [PMID: 38914342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Film mulching has been extensively used to improve agricultural production in arid regions of China. However, without sufficient mulch film recovery, large amounts of residual film accumulated in the farmland, which would affect crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE). In order to comprehensively analyze the effects of residual film on crop yield and WUE, and clarify its influencing mechanism, present study adopted a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the impacts of residual film on soil physicochemical properties, crop root growth, yield, and WUE. The results showed that residual film significantly increased soil bulk density and the soil moisture content in 0-20 cm soil layer, but decreased soil porosity, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen content, and soil moisture content in >20 cm soil layer, especially when residual film amount was >400 kg ha-1. Residual film significantly reduced crop root dry weight, root length, root diameter, root volume and root surface area. Generally, crop yield and WUE decreased with the increase of residual film amount; and crop yield was reduced by about 14.00 % when the residual film amount increased by 1000 kg ha-1. In average, crop yield and WUE under film residual condition were significantly decreased by 13.46 % and 9.21 %, respectively. The negative effects of residual film on root growth, yield and WUE were greater for cash crops (cotton, tomato and potato) than for cereal crops (wheat, maize). The structural equation model indicated that residual film generated indirect negative effects on crop yield and WUE by directly affecting soil physicochemical properties and crop root growth, with the standard path coefficients of -0.302 and - 0.217, respectively. The results would provide a theoretical basis for reducing residual film pollution on farmland and promoting the green and sustainable development of agriculture.
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Jiang Y, Zhou C, Khan A, Zhang X, Mamtimin T, Fan J, Hou X, Liu P, Han H, Li X. Environmental risks of mask wastes binding pollutants: Phytotoxicity, microbial community, nitrogen and carbon cycles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135058. [PMID: 38986403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The increasing contamination of mask wastes presents a significant global challenge to ecological health. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the environmental risks that mask wastes pose to soil. In this study, a total of 12 mask wastes were collected from landfills. Mask wastes exhibited negligible morphological changes, and bound eight metals and four types of organic pollutants. Masks combined with pollutants inhibited the growth of alfalfa and Elymus nutans, reducing underground biomass by 84.6 %. Mask wastes decreased the Chao1 index and the relative abundances (RAs) of functional bacteria (Micrococcales, Gemmatimonadales, and Sphingomonadales). Metagenomic analysis showed that mask wastes diminished the RAs of functional genes associated with nitrification (amoABC and HAO), denitrification (nirKS and nosZ), glycolysis (gap2), and TCA cycle (aclAB and mdh), thereby inhibiting the nitrogen transformation and ATP production. Furthermore, some pathogenic viruses (Herpesviridae and Tunggulvirus) were also found on the mask wastes. Structural equation models demonstrated that mask wastes restrained soil enzyme activities, ultimately affecting nitrogen and carbon cycles. Collectively, these evidences indicate that mask wastes contribute to soil health and metabolic function disturbances. This study offers a new perspective on the potential environmental risks associated with the improper disposal of masks.
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Min F, Wang X, Li L, Xin Z, Li X, Zhang T, Sun X, You H. Effects of silicate stabilizers on cadmium reduction and the quality of rice grains in acidic paddy soil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20551. [PMID: 39232064 PMCID: PMC11374993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Silicate has been proven to be highly-effective at immobilizing soil heavy metals, but the effects of silicate stabilizers on rice grain cadmium (Cd) reduction and rice quality under field conditions are not clear. In this study, a field experiment was conducted over three consecutive years was conducted to examine the Cd reduction in rice grains and to reveal the potential effects of silicate stabilizers on rice grain nutrients, by setting different amounts of bentonite (B), silica‒calcium fertilizer (SC) and zeolite powder (ZP). The results revealed that the application of the B, SC and ZP significantly decreased the soil CaCl2‒Cd concentration (> 39%) and significantly reduced the grain Cd concentration in both early rice (> 70%) and late rice (> 18%) under field conditions; the silicate stabilizers reduced the soil available iron (Fe) but did not limit rice grain Fe nutrition. Additionally, the three silicates promoted rice yield and improved the rice grain Ca and Mg contents; and the application of B increased the amylose concentration of the late rice grains. In conclusion, high amounts of silicate stabilizers did not adversely influence the soil conventional nutrient indices, rice minerals or rice taste, but changes in rice selenium content need attention. Overall, in comparison with lime, silicate stabilizers can improve not only the safety of rice but also the nutritional and taste qualities of rice and are more eco-friendly for long-term use in soil.
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Merdy P, Cherfouh R, Lucas Y. Long-term agricultural reuse of treated wastewater and sewage sludge: developing a Time to Critical Content Index for metal species. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:836. [PMID: 39179896 PMCID: PMC11343905 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the sustainability of spreading wastewater or sewage sludge on agricultural land, balancing benefits with contamination risks. Conventional ecological risk indices often fail to address the long-term accumulation of metals in soils. We investigate the feasibility of spreading based on current knowledge of potentially contaminating metals and their behavior in soil. We analyzed the speciation of metals (Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn) through sequential extraction in sludge, treated wastewater, and soils after 14 years of application of sewage sludge and treated wastewater issued from an Algerian wastewater treatment plant. We introduce a Time to Critical Content Index (TCCI) that calculates the time required to reach critical levels of potentially mobile metals, considering total metal content and speciation. The TCCI takes into account product knowledge, soil characteristics, metal behavior, ecological/toxicological thresholds, and regulations. Applied to our case study, the TCCI indicates that spreading sewage sludge can continue despite metal contents exceeding regulatory ceiling values. The index serves as a precautionary measure, adaptable to evolving knowledge, providing a comprehensive framework for sustainable agricultural practices.
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da Silva Martins T, Garcia KGV, da Silva YJAB, da Silva MG, Serpa SSE, Bezerra RA, Filho CDT, Cavalcante RM, Boechat CL, de Araujo Pereira AP, Escobar MEO. Contamination risk by heavy metals and enzymatic stoichiometry in agricultural soils under intense use of pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:805. [PMID: 39126537 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals (HM) from pesticides poses a serious environmental threat, affecting sustainability and agricultural productivity. Soil enzymes are essential for biochemical reactions such as organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling and are vital for maintaining soil health. However, the effects of HM on soil enzyme activity are not yet well understood. This study examined the impact of HM contamination on enzymatic stoichiometry in regions with intensive pesticide use. We selected flower cultivation areas with 5 years (CA1) and 10 years (CA2) of pesticide exposure and a native forest area (NFA) as a reference during the dry and rainy seasons. We measured Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn levels and employed ecological risk indices to assess contamination levels. We also analyzed enzyme activities (arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, urease) and enzymatic stoichiometry. CA2 exhibited the highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Mn in both periods, while Zn was highest in both CA1 and CA2. CA2 had higher values for all indices, indicating significant contamination. Compared with NFA, arylsulfatase activity was lower in cultivated areas during both periods, suggesting decreased soil quality. We found negative correlations between Cu, Mn, Zn, and arylsulfatase, as well as a reduction in urease with Cd; these elements also increased microbial C limitation. Our findings show that continuous pesticide input increases HM levels and that enzyme activity and stoichiometry are effective bioindicator of soil contamination. This study underscores the urgent need for guidelines to protect soils from prolonged HM buildup.
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Oluyinka OA, Pedavoah MM, Abugri J, Oyelude EO, Mosobil R, Amos K, Asamannaba DA, Issahaku AW, Isshak AKK, Aberinga NA. Soil quality and heavy metal contamination in an open dumpsite in Navrongo, Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:781. [PMID: 39096411 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The increasing proximity of the Dudumbia dumpsite, an open dumpsite in Navrongo, Ghana, to human settlements necessitates an investigation of the soil quality to safeguard the environment from heavy metal toxicity. This study examined the impact of waste dumping activities on the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the level of heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Hg, Cu, Mn, and Zn) contamination and associated risks. Various contamination and risk assessment tools were used, including the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk (Er), and potential ecological risk index (PERI). The study found significant improvements in notable soil attributes such as phosphorus (P), organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and effective cation exchange capacity, with percentage increases ranging from 50.8 to 2078.3%. Igeo values ranged from 2.07 to 6.20, indicating contamination levels from moderate to extreme. The PLI and PERI values were 16.241 and 1810, respectively. The Er values for the heavy metals ranged from 36 to 607, indicating ecological risk levels from low to very high, with Cd and Hg posing very high risks. These results suggest that while the dumpsite soil shows improvements in some characteristics favourable for plant cultivation, waste dumping significantly contributes to heavy metal contamination. The soil at the dumpsite is deteriorated and poses significant health risks, particularly due to Cd and Hg. Therefore, remediation efforts should prioritise mitigating the risks posed by Cd and Hg.
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Wen Y, Wu R, Qi D, Xu T, Chang W, Li K, Fang X, Song F. The effect of AMF combined with biochar on plant growth and soil quality under saline-alkali stress: Insights from microbial community analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116592. [PMID: 38901167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar application individually can enhance plant tolerance to saline-alkali stress and promote plant growth efficiency. However, little is known about the potential synergistic effects of their combination on improving plant growth and soil quality under saline-alkali stress. This experiment adopted the potted method to explore the effects of four treatments on switchgrass growth and soil quality: biochar (BC), Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri), biochar + Ri (BR) and a control without biochar or Ri (CK). Compared to the CK treatment, the switchgrass biomass increased by 92.4 %, 148.6 %, and 177.3 % in the BC, Ri, and BR treatment groups, respectively. Similarly, the rhizosphere soil quality index increased by 29.33 %, 22.7 %, and 49.1 % in the respective treatment groups. The BR treatment significantly altered the rhizosphere soil microbial composition and diversity. Notably, compared to the other treatments, the archaeal α-diversity in the BR group showed a significant decrease. BR treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of bacteria, fungi and archaea at the genus level (e.g., Bacillus, Trichome and candidatus_methanopenens). Network analysis showed that the complexity and closeness of interactions between different microbial taxa were stronger in the BC, Ri and BR treatments than in the CK treatment, with BR being the more prominent. In summary, biochar combined with Ri has a better effect on promoting the growth of switchgrass under saline-alkali stress, improving the quality of saline-alkali soil, and increasing soil microbial diversity. This study provides a new approach for the efficient development and utilization of saline-alkali land.
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Woodford L, Fellows R, White HL, Ormsby MJ, Pow CJ, Quilliam RS. Survival and transfer potential of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colonising polyethylene microplastics in contaminated agricultural soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:51353-51363. [PMID: 39107647 PMCID: PMC11374834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural environments are becoming increasingly contaminated with plastic pollution. Plastics in the environment can also provide a unique habitat for microbial biofilm, termed the 'plastisphere', which can also support the persistence of human pathogens such as Salmonella. Human enteric Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can enter agricultural environments via flooding or from irrigation with contaminated water. Using soil mesocosms we quantified the ability of S. Typhimurium to persist on microplastic beads in two agriculturally relevant soils, under ambient and repeat flood scenarios. S. Typhimurium persisted in the plastisphere for 35 days in both podzol and loamy soils; while during multiple flood events was able to survive in the plastisphere for up to 21 days. S. Typhimurium could dissociate from the plastisphere during flooding events and migrate through soil in leachate, and importantly could colonise new plastic particles in the soil, suggesting that plastic pollution in agricultural soils can aid S. Typhimurium persistence and facilitate further dissemination within the environment. The potential for increased survival of enteric human pathogens in agricultural and food production environments due to plastic contamination poses a significant public health risk, particularly in potato or root vegetable systems where there is the potential for direct contact with crops.
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Dadwal V, Shikha D, Gupta S, Mehta V, Acharya R. Elemental profiling of agricultural soil in Hoshiarpur utilizing analytical techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:352. [PMID: 39080027 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Our study aimed to assess the soil quality in Punjab's Hoshiarpur district through a meticulous analysis of nutrient and elemental composition. Using a variety of analytical techniques, including Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), external Particle-induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) an Ion beam analysis Technique, and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), we delved into soil characterization for 22 agricultural soil samples in the Punjab region. Within the NAA framework, utilizing the Pneumatic Carrier Facility and the self-serve facility at Dhruva reactor in Mumbai, a brief 1-min irradiation procedure identified pivotal elements-Na, Mg, V, Al, Mn, and K. Conversely, an extended neutron irradiation process of approximately 4 h within the self-serve facility enabled the estimation of nearly 12 elements, including Rare Earth Elements (REEs), Transition elements, and other significant elements. The external PIGE technique quantified low Z elements (Na, Mg, Al, and Si), contributing to our analytical arsenal. Rigorously validating both NAA and PIGE methodologies, we compared results meticulously against established geological standard reference materials-specifically USGS RGM-1 and USGS AGV-1.Instrumental in elemental analysis, ED-XRF spectroscopy fortified our investigative endeavors by quick assessment of ten crucial elements. The elemental analysis revealed notable accumulations of Mn and Zn in the soil, surpassing the suggested permissible limits, whereas Co, Cr, and Pb were found to be within the recommended thresholds set by WHO/UNEP. Beyond elemental profiling, our study extended to estimate the accumulation levels of various elements utilizing ecological risk factors such as Contamination Factor, Potential Ecological Risk Index, Pollution Load Index, and Geoaccumulation Factor. Our findings highlighted significant accumulation of REEs including La, Sm and Yb.. This evaluation sheds new light on the interplay between soil composition and environmental health, emphasizing the need for advanced accessible agricultural technologies to prevent and forecast contaminant discharge in arable soil. This commitment aligns with our broader goal of advancing sustainable practices in soil management.
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Fang H, Zhai Y, Li C. Evaluating the impact of soil erosion on soil quality in an agricultural land, northeastern China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15629. [PMID: 38972917 PMCID: PMC11228045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of soil erosion on soil quality is still not systematically understood. The purpose of this study was thus to quantify the impact of soil erosion on soil quality and its change with slope morphology in an agricultural field, northeastern China based on radionuclide 137Cs, unmanned aerial vehicle derived high resolution digital elevation model, and soil sampling. 137Cs method yielded an average soil erosion rate of - 275 t km-2 yr-1 ranging from - 1870 to 1557 t km-2 yr-1. The soil quality index derived from total dataset (SQI_TDS) can be well explained by that derived from minimum data set (SQI_MDS) with a determination coefficient R2 of 0.874. SOM, sand, and cation exchange capacity in the MDS play more important roles than other soil indicators. Soil quality was significantly affected by soil erosion, with Adj. R2 of 0.29 and 0.33 for SQI_TDS and SQI_MDS, respectively. The spatial variations of soil erosion and soil quality were both affected by slope topography. Soil erosion must be controlled according to topographic and erosion characteristics in northeastern China.
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22
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Eckhoff KD, Reed SC, Bradford JB, Daly NC, Griffen K, Reibold R, Lupardus R, Munson SM, Sengsirirak A, Villarreal ML, Duniway MC. Dryland soil recovery after disturbance across soil and climate gradients of the Colorado Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172976. [PMID: 38705304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Drylands impacted by energy development often require costly reclamation activities to reconstruct damaged soils and vegetation, yet little is known about the effectiveness of reclamation practices in promoting recovery of soil quality due to a lack of long-term and cross-site studies. Here, we examined paired on-pad and adjacent undisturbed off-pad soil properties over a 22-year chronosequence of 91 reclaimed oil or gas well pads across soil and climate gradients of the Colorado Plateau in the southwestern United States. Our goals were to estimate the time required for soil properties to reach undisturbed conditions, examine the multivariate nature of soil quality following reclamation, and identify environmental factors that affect reclamation outcomes. Soil samples, collected in 2020 and 2021, were analyzed for biogeochemical pools (total nitrogen, and total organic and inorganic carbon), chemical characteristics (salinity, sodicity, pH), and texture. Predicted time to recovery across all sites was 29 years for biogeochemical soil properties, 31 years for soil chemical properties, and 6 years for soil texture. Ordination of soil properties revealed differences between on- and off-pad soils, while site aridity explained variability in on-pad recovery. The predicted time to total soil recovery (distance between on- and off-pad in ordination space) was 96 years, which was longer than any individual soil property. No site reached total recovery, indicating that individual soil properties alone may not fully indicate recovery in soil quality as soil recovery does not equal the sum of its parts. Site aridity was the largest predictor of reclamation outcomes, but the effects differed depending on soil type. Taken together, results suggest the recovery of soil quality - which reflects soil fertility, carbon sequestration potential, and other ecosystem functions - was influenced primarily by site setting, with soil type and aridity major mediators of on-pad carbon, salinity, and total soil recovery following reclamation.
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Yu Y, Guo Q, Zhang S, Guan Y, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Mao R, Bai K, Buriyev S, Samatov N, Zhang X, Yang W. Maize residue retention shapes soil microbial communities and co-occurrence networks upon freeze-thawing cycles. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17543. [PMID: 38887621 PMCID: PMC11182024 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Maize residue retention is an effective agricultural practice for improving soil fertility in black soil region, where suffered from long freezing-thawing periods and intense freeze-thawing (FT) cycles. However, very few studies have examined the influence of maize residue retention on soil microbial communities under FT cycles. We investigated the response of soil microbial communities and co-occurrence networks to maize residue retention at different FT intensities over 12 cycles using a microcosm experiment conditioned in a temperature incubator. Our results indicated that maize residue retention induced dramatic shifts in soil archaeal, bacterial and fungal communities towards copiotroph-dominated communities. Maize residue retention consistently reduced soil fungal richness across all cycles, but this effect was weaker for archaea and bacteria. Normalized stochastic ratio analysis revealed that maize residue retention significantly enhanced the deterministic process of archaeal, bacterial and fungal communities. Although FT intensity significantly impacted soil respiration, it did not induce profound changes in soil microbial diversity and community composition. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that maize residue retention simplified prokaryotic network, while did not impact fungal network complexity. The network robustness index suggested that maize residue retention enhanced the fungal network stability, but reduced prokaryotic network stability. Moreover, the fungal network in severe FT treatment harbored the most abundant keystone taxa, mainly being cold-adapted fungi. By identifying modules in networks, we observed that prokaryotic Module #1 and fungal Module #3 were enhanced by maize residue retention and contributed greatly to soil quality. Together, our results showed that maize residue retention exerted stronger influence on soil microbial communities and co-occurrence network patterns than FT intensity and highlighted the potential of microbial interactions in improving soil functionality.
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Chen S, Yu G, Long F, Zheng J, Wang Z, Ji X, Guo Q, Wang Z. Growth Stage-Dependent Variation in Soil Quality and Microbial Diversity of Ancient Gleditsia sinensis. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01097-7. [PMID: 38833086 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The environment monitoring of forest is vital for the ecosystem sustainable management, especially soil quality. Ancient Gleditsia sinensis is one of the most distributed ancient trees in Shaanxi. Comprehensive soil evaluate is important for the ancient tree protection. In this study, we selected the most distributed ancient tree Gleditsia sinensis and immature tree to compare the effect of growth stage to soil quality and soil bacteria. Most ancient tree soil nutrients were in good condition compared with immature tree. The bacterial community were composed with Proteobacteria (27.55%), Acidobacteriota (16.82%), Actinobacteriota (15.77%), Gemmatimonadota (6.82%), Crenarchaeota (4.61%), Bacteroidota (4.41%), Firmicutes (4.32%), Chloroflexi (4.28%), Planctomycetota (3.24%) and Verrucomicrobiota (3.04%). The level 2 ancient tree (300-400 years old) was different in bacterial community diversity. SOC and STN were important to level 2 (300-400 years old Gleditsia sinensis), and other levels were opposite. Our results suggested that the ancient tree management should not be lumped together.
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Chen J, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Wu J, Chen G, Chen S, Wu H, Zhu H, Ye Y. Dredging wastewater discharge from shrimp ponds affects mangrove soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171916. [PMID: 38522536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Dredging wastewater discharge is a significant environmental concern for mariculture near mangrove ecosystems. However, little attention has been paid to its effects on the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities in mangrove habitats. This study compared the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities in the polluted area that received dredging wastewater from a shrimp pond with those in the control area without wastewater to explore the effects of wastewater discharge on the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities. Variations in soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities across different tidal flat areas and depths were also examined. The polluted area exhibited lower soil salinity (10.47 ± 0.58 vs. 15.64 ± 0.54) and moisture content (41.85 ± 1.03 % vs. 45.81 ± 1.06 %) than the control area. Wastewater discharge increased soil enzyme activities, (acid phosphatase, protease, and catalase), resulting in higher inorganic nitrogen (13.20 ± 0.00 μg g-1 vs. 11.60 ± 0.03 μg g-1) but lower total nitrogen (0.93 ± 0.01 mg g-1 vs. 1.62 ± 0.11 mg g-1) in the contaminated zone. From the control to polluted area, there was an approximate increase of 0.43 and 0.83 mg g-1 in soil total phosphorus and soluble phosphate, driven by increased acid phosphatase. However, soil humus and organic matter decreased by 0.04 and 1.22 %, respectively, because of wastewater discharge. The impact of wastewater discharge on the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities was most pronounced in the landward and surface soil layers (0-5 cm). The results showed that wastewater discharge altered soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities, accumulating soil bioavailable nutrients (inorganic nitrogen and soluble phosphate), but at the cost of reduced soil quality, especially organic matter, further adversely affecting the overall health of mangrove ecosystems. Prioritizing the management of wastewater discharged from mariculture adjacent to mangrove forests is crucial for mangrove conservation.
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