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Liu B, Gao F, Zhang S, Fang M, Yu L, Tan X, Ni M. Boosted charge transfer in a naturally formed Ca(Al 2Si 2O 8)/Fe 2O 3 heterojunction for piezocatalytical formation of H 2O 2 and solidification of U(VI). J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 667:575-584. [PMID: 38657541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Energy and environmental issues make the generation of H2O2 and the separation of U(VI) from water very important topics. In this work, we disclosed a low-cost, high-efficiency method for separating U(VI) from water based on the naturally formed catalyst (red volcanic stone powders, RVSP) of Ca(Al2Si2O8)/Fe2O3 heterojunction through a piezocatalytic pathway induced by ultrasonication. The charges were found to be elevatedly separated due to the formation of the heterojunction. It is found that under ultrasonication, charges were effectively separated and then reacted with water to form H2O2 with a high yield of 196.7 μmol·g-1 in 4 h, which further solidifies U(VI) to form a solid of UO2O2. The removal rate of U(VI) in water reached 96 % (50 ppm) within 150 min. Furthermore, the results calculated by VASP show that the cyclic variation of the conduction bands under a cyclic force field facilitates the charge separation, and thus may promote piezocatalysis. Most importantly, the application study in real seawater indicates that U(VI) piezocatalysis based on natural minerals has great potential. This work presents a comprehensive investigation of U(VI) piezocatalysis by Ca(Al2Si2O8)/Fe2O3 and provides a new idea for piezocatalytic extraction of uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Feixue Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ming Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China.
| | - Long Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China.
| | - Meiyan Ni
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China.
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2
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Ou Y, Wei P. Sufficient conditions using liquid concentration profile to control formation and shape of lotus-type pores in solid. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26224. [PMID: 38434264 PMCID: PMC10906287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sufficient conditions to control solute transport across the cap responsible for the formation, development, and final shape of the lotus-type pores for different spatial variations of the partition coefficient, and the ratio between concentration in solid at the solidification front and concentration at a reference state near the top free surface during unidirectional solidification are presented in this study. Lotus-type porous material contemporarily used in micro-or nano-technologies strongly depend on distributions, orientations, and shapes of pores in solid. The model accounts for solute pressure in the pore affected by solute transport and balance of gas, capillary and hydrostatic pressures, and Sieverts' law or Henry's law at the bubble cap and top free surface. Solute transport across the cap accounts for rejection and convection-affected concentration at solidification front, and convection based on the reference state deviated from that at the top free surface. The resulting simultaneous systems of unsteady first-order ordinary differential equations are solved by MATLAB code. Changing rate of solute pressure in the pore responsible for entrapment and final length of lotus-type pores affected by volume expansion, and solute transport due to diffusion and rejection by the solidification front at the cap is also analyzed. The predicted shapes of lotus-type pores agree with algebraic expression confirmed by available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.T. Ou
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - P.S. Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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3
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Valizadeh B, Abdoli MA, Dobaradaran S, Mahmoudkhani R, Asl YA. Risk control of heavy metal in waste incinerator ash by available solidification scenarios in cement production based on waste flow analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6252. [PMID: 38491026 PMCID: PMC10943089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Incineration is a common method in municipal solid waste management, which has several advantages such as reducing the volume of waste, but with concerns about exhaust gas and ash management. In this study, heavy metals in bottom ash, secondary furnace ash and fly ash of two waste incinerators in Tehran and Nowshahr were analyzed and its control in cement production was investigated. For this purpose, twelve monthly samples of three types of incinerator ash were analyzed. By combining the studied ashes in the raw materials, the quantity of metals in the cement was analyzed. Finally, by investigating four scenarios based on quantitative variations in the routes of municipal solid waste, ash quantity and the related risk caused by its heavy metals were studied. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the three ash samples of the studied incinerators was 19,513-23,972 µg/g and the composition of the metals included Hg (less than 0.01%), Pb (2.93%), Cd (0.59%), Cu (21.51%), Zn (58.7%), As (less than 0.01%), Cr (15.88%), and Ni (0.91%). The best quality of produced cement included 20% ash and 10% zeolite, which was the basis of the next calculations. It was estimated that the reduction of the release of metals into the environment includes 37 gr/day in best scenario equal to 10.6 tons/year. Ash solidification can be considered as a complementary solution in waste incinerator management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Valizadeh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdoli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Rouhalla Mahmoudkhani
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Narani SS, Siddiqua S, Perumal P. Wood fly ash and blast furnace slag management by alkali-activation: Trace elements solidification and composite application. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120341. [PMID: 38364540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Wood and biomass are burned in many industries as a sustainable energy source. The large quantities of fly ash produced must be landfilled, leading to environmental concerns. Precipitator wood fly ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (BFS) have been used in this study to prepare alkali-activated composites to manage and recycle the fly ash. After an essential characterization, the influence of parameters such as PFA and BFS content, alkaline activator content (silica moduli of 0, 0.82, 1.32), curing method, and curing duration on the mechanical, chemical, and microstructural properties of the samples have been studied through compressive strength, density, FTIR, and SEM-EDS investigations. The environmental safety and influence of polycondensation on heavy metal stabilization have been examined through ICP-MS. The results prove that oven and hydrothermal curing obtain the early age strength. Despite the variations of strength with duration and type of curing, the compressive strength of samples after 28 days of curing tends to close values for a constant PFA/BFS ratio, due to which the need for energy-intensive curing methods is addressed. ICP-MS shows that the composites can suitably solidify As, Cd, Ba, Cr, Pb, Mo, Se, Hg, Sr, Cu, and Zn. On the other hand, the composites were almost incapable of stabilizing Co and V. Unlike the case for mechanical properties; higher PFA content favours hazardous metal stabilization through polycondensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan S Narani
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada; Faculty of Applied Science, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada.
| | - Sumi Siddiqua
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada.
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Santhanam H, Ali HM, Sharma RK. Thermal performance enhancement of lauric acid using nanomaterials as composite phase change material. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32556-y. [PMID: 38393571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, lauric acid was taken as a phase change material (PCM), and different nanoparticles (NPs) such as SiO2, TiO2, CuO, and ZnO were taken as the supporting materials. CuO NPs were prepared through the co-precipitation technique; SiO2, TiO2, and ZnO NPs were synthesized via the sol-gel technique. These NPs with different weight fractions were dispersed into molten lauric acid, individually. The variations in thermal properties (phase change temperature and latent heat for solid and liquid) of the prepared composite PCMs due to the dispersion of NPs were observed by DSC analyses. An increase in thermal conductivity of the composite PCMs was observed with the increasing weight fraction of NPs. In order to ascertain the long-term utility, a thermal reliability test was conducted on the composite PCMs with repeated heating and cooling cycles. Also, the specific heats of the pure PCM and the composite PCMs were determined as a function of temperature. Further, the experimental investigation was performed on the pure PCM and the prepared composite PCMs to assess their phase change behavior, and the test results clearly proved that the time required for the complete melting and freezing process of the composite PCMs was less when compared to pure PCM. By considering the above facts, the newly prepared composite PCMs can be recommended as a potential candidate for low-temperature solar heating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Santhanam
- Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kings Engineering College, Irungattukottai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems (IRC-SES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ravi Kumar Sharma
- Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
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Shu S, Li L, Cao M, Pan Z, Li R, Xu G, Tang Y. Coupling effect of solidification and consolidation on characteristics of the dredged silt. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:10887-10895. [PMID: 38214859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Dehydration with a plate and frame filter press is a common method for treating dredged silt from rivers and lakes. The silt is often conditioned by the addition of solidifying materials before plate and frame press filtration and, therefore, is subjected to the coupling effect of solidification and consolidation. In this study, consolidation tests of the silt with cement were carried out and compared with the silt after only solidification or only consolidation in terms of moisture content, unconfined compressive strength, and leaching concentration. The test results showed that the moisture content of the silt can be reduced to less than 60% under the coupling action of solidification and consolidation, which was 22% and 4% lower than with solidification only or consolidation only, respectively. The effect of consolidation improved the solidification process; the unconfined compressive strength increased rapidly in the early stage of curing and was 30-150% higher than that of solidified silt. The coupling effects of solidification and consolidation on the leaching concentrations of Ni and Cr in silt were the most significant, and the lowest leaching concentrations were 60% and 90% lower than those of solidified only and consolidated only silt, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shu
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China.
| | - Lei Li
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Mingwei Cao
- Nanjing Tourism Group Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Zhengguo Pan
- Wuxi Delinghai Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD, Wuxi, 214091, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Nanjing Qinhuai River Construction and Development Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Gaofeng Xu
- Zhejiang Huadong Geotechnical Investigation & Design Institute CO, Ltd, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Zhejiang Huadong Geotechnical Investigation & Design Institute CO, Ltd, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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7
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Deng T, Fisonga M, Ke H, Li L, Wang J, Deng Y. Mixing uniformity effect on leaching behaviour of cement-based solidified contaminated clay. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:167957. [PMID: 37866593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Mixing uniformity is essential for the quality control of the contaminated clay's solidification. To investigate the effect of the mixing uniformity on the leaching behaviour of the cement-based solidified contaminated clay, this study proposed a quantitative method to characterize the mixing uniformity and investigated the leaching behaviour by the leaching toxicity tests and semi-dynamic leaching tests. X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) was employed to reveal the internal mesoscopic structure. In this case, Pb2+ was selected as a tagged pollutant because of the widespread attention at heavy metal-contaminated sites. The leaching toxicity indicates the significant Pb2+ concentration deviation among the parallel specimens and non-association with the mixing uniformity. However, the Pb2+ cumulative leaching mass and observed diffusion coefficient by the semi-dynamic leaching tests both decrease with the mixing uniformity. X-CT image analysis reveals that the high cement zones wrap the low cement zones with different dimensions in the heterogeneous solidified matrix. Moreover, the specimen pretreatment method in the existing leaching toxicity standards may be inadequate because of the overall encapsulation destruction by the crushing process and representativeness uncertainty when sampling. However, for semi-dynamic leaching, the Pb2+ migration depends on the uniformity, reflecting the continuous distribution of high cement zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Deng
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Marsheal Fisonga
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Han Ke
- School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Li
- CECEP DADI Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- CECEP DADI Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongfeng Deng
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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8
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Li D, Ramos AO, Bah A, Li F. Valorization of lead-zinc mine tailing waste through geopolymerization: Synthesis, mechanical, and microstructural properties. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119501. [PMID: 37952378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead-zinc mine tailing waste can have significant environmental impacts due to its potential for releasing toxic elements into the surroundings and contaminating local soil and water. This paper focuses on the valorization of lead-zinc mine tailing waste through geopolymerization, a sustainable process that can transform waste into useful building materials. Geopolymer matrixes with various mixtures of mine tailing (0-100 wt%), fly ash (0-100 wt%), and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum (0, 5, and 10 wt%) were synthesized using different activators such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 5, 10 M) and sodium silicate (waterglass, 0, 12.5 wt%). Visual inspection, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) testing, and microstructural analysis (e.g., X-ray diffractions, Fourier transforms infrared, and scanning electron microscopy) were employed for the physicochemical characterization of these geopolymers. The highest UCS value of 24.1 MPa was observed in a geopolymer specimen with 100 wt% fly ash and activated by 10 M NaOH and cured for 28 days. The blending of mine tailings would result in strength recession, e.g., the integrating of 25 wt% tailings showed a UCS of 12.3 MPa. The addition of 5 wt% gypsums can improve early strength development, particularly for matrixes with 50-75 wt% fly ash. But adding 10 wt% gypsums would lead to strength retrogression of the resulting geopolymers. The introduction of waterglass can also facilitate geopolymerization and improve strength development. However, the cointegrating of gypsum and waterglass can induce an antagonistic effect and lead to the collapse of the geopolymer specimens. The findings revealed that the strength and microstructural properties of geopolymer are determined by the matrix compositions, alkaline activators, etc. Effective regulation of these factors can produce geopolymer matrixes with high dimensional stability and UCS that well meet construction material standards. Overall, the study indicates that geopolymerization represents a viable and eco-friendly solution for valorizing lead-zinc mine tailing waste and gaining alternative building materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Andrea O Ramos
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Alseny Bah
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Feihu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Zou Z, Qin Y, Zhang T, Tan K. Enhancing road performance of lead-contaminated soil through biochar-cement solidification: An experimental study. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119315. [PMID: 37844401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of cement-based solidification for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soil diminishes at high levels of contamination. To overcome this limitation, the potential of a biochar-cement composite curing agent to enhance the properties of Pb 2+ contaminated soil was investigated in this study. The permeability, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and leaching characteristics of the biochar-cement composite material were assessed under varying biochar contents. The results revealed that the addition of 1-5 wt% biochar in cement significantly improved the UCS of the solidified soil. However, excessive biochar contents had a detrimental effect on the strength of samples. Additionally, the incorporation of 3.0% biochar reduced the hydraulic conductivity and porosity to 7.75 × 10-9 cm/s and 43.12%, respectively. Moreover, the biochar-cement composite material exhibited remarkable efficiency in treating highly concentrated Pb2+ contaminated soil, with leaching concentration decreasing significantly with increasing biochar content, falling below the Chinese hazardous waste identification standard. Overall, the utilization of a biochar-cement composite curing agent in the solidification of heavy metal-contaminated soil could be considered a promising subgrade filler technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Zou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, 100 University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yinghong Qin
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, 100 University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Tongsheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kanghao Tan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, 100 University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Lee SJ, Han MH, Ahn YT, Jeon BH, Choi J. Assessment of effectiveness in stabilization/ solidification of arsenic-contaminated soil: long-term leaching test and geophysical measurement. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:120472-120482. [PMID: 37943433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of stabilizer/binding agents in immobilizing arsenic (As) in contaminated soil using both geochemical and geophysical monitoring methods. The effluent from the stabilizer/binding agent's application and control columns was analyzed, and the status of the columns was monitored using electrical resistivity (ER) and induced polarization (IP) methods. As stabilizers/binder, acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) and steel slag (SS) were used, which delayed As and Ca leaching time and significantly reduced As leaching amount. Determination coefficients for As and Fe leaching exhibited elevated values (control column, R2 = 0.955; AMDS column, R2 = 0.908; and SS column, R2 = 0.833). A discernible decline in the concentration of leached Fe was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in IP. The determination coefficients correlating IP and Fe leaching remained substantial (control column, R2 = 0.768; AMDS column, R2 = 0.807; and SS column, R2 = 0.818). Such IP measurements manifest as instrumental tools in monitoring and assessing the retention capacity of applied stabilizer/binding agents in As-affected soils, thereby furnishing crucial data for the enduring surveillance of stabilization/solidification locales. This research posits a swift and continuous monitoring method for solidification/stabilization locales in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jae Lee
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Sustainable Environment Research Center, Hwarang-Ro 14, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Green School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ho Han
- Korea Radioactive Waste Agency, 174, Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Ahn
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Sustainable Environment Research Center, Hwarang-Ro 14, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
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11
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Wang Y, Li R, Qiao J. Solidification of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration washed fly ash by asphalt mixture. Chemosphere 2023; 343:140281. [PMID: 37758083 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Using asphalt mixture to solidify heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash can reduce pollution and realize resource utilization. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of washed fly ash were analyzed, and washed fly ash was added to asphalt mixture as filler instead of mineral powder. The study involved analyzing the mechanical attributes of asphalt mixtures containing washed fly ash, along with examining the characteristics of asphalt binder that incorporates the washed fly ash. Subsequently, assess the potential leaching hazards associated with asphalt mixture incorporating washed fly ash. The test results showed that washed fly ash was a Si-Al-Ca system material, which had small particle size, large specific surface area and many pores. It increased the contact area with asphalt, which improved encapsulation of asphalt and aggregates. The optimal dosage of washed fly ash is 2.5%. At this dosage, the mixture attains optimal high-temperature performance, while both low-temperature performance and the characteristics of washed fly ash asphalt binder align with requirements. Asphalt mixture has solidification on heavy metals, with strongest solidification for Zn, followed by Cu, Cr. A prediction model of leaching amount versus time was constructed for Pb, Ba and Ni, which have weak solidified ability. The cumulative leaching amount of the road within 15 years of service life was calculated through the model, and it was obtained that the addition of washed fly ash will not cause pollution to environment. Overall, this study showed that asphalt mixtures can be used for stabilization/solidification of washed fly ash while saving natural mineral, providing a theoretical basis for the resource application of washed fly ash in asphalt road construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Ruiping Li
- Shanxi Provincial Highway Bureau, Yangquan Branch, No.20, Shifan Street, Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Yangquan, 045099, China
| | - Jiangang Qiao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, China.
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12
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Zhu B, Xia M, Ding Z, Rong X, Mei X. Enhancing physical and chemical stability of hygroscopic hydroxytyrosol by cocrystal formation. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123470. [PMID: 37793465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a natural phenolic compound with potent antioxidant activity extracted from olive trees. It is generally a slightly hydrated viscous liquid at ambient conditions, and it is highly susceptible to oxygen due to the presence of catechol moiety. Although encapsulation technique provides HT in powder form, it does not improve its chemical stability. Herein, we propose an efficient solution to the high hygroscopicity and poor stability of HT. Four cocrystals were first reported, and their intermolecular interactions were analyzed in detail. After cocrystallization, the melting point is increased and the hygroscopicity is significantly decreased. HT cocrystals are thus solid at room temperature. Moreover, hydroxytyrosol cocrystals with betaine (HT-BET) and nicotinamide (HT-NIC) demonstrate superior chemical stability than pure HT, olive extract, and HT encapsulation material. Therefore, cocrystallization can be considered as a promising approach to overcome the application obstacles of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengyuan Xia
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenfeng Ding
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyi Rong
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Kopp KT, Saerens L, Voorspoels J, Van den Mooter G. Solidification and oral delivery of biologics to the colon- A review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106523. [PMID: 37429482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The oral delivery of biologics such as therapeutic proteins, peptides and oligonucleotides for the treatment of colon related diseases has been the focus of increasing attention over the last years. However, the major disadvantage of these macromolecules is their degradation propensity in liquid state which can lead to the undesirable and complete loss of function. Therefore, to increase the stability of the biologic and reduce their degradation propensity, formulation techniques such as solidification can be performed to obtain a stable solid dosage form for oral administration. Due to their fragility, stress exerted on the biologic during solidification has to be reduced with the incorporation of stabilizing excipients into the formulation. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art solidification techniques required to obtain a solid dosage form for the oral delivery of biologics to the colon and the use of suitable excipients for adequate stabilization upon solidification. The solidifying processes discussed within this review are spray drying, freeze drying, bead coating and also other techniques such as spray freeze drying, electro spraying, vacuum- and supercritical fluid drying. Further, the colon as site of absorption in both healthy and diseased state is critically reviewed and possible oral delivery systems for biologics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tatjana Kopp
- Eurofins Amatsigroup, Industriepark-Zwijnaarde 7B, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Campus Gasthuisberg ON2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Saerens
- Eurofins Amatsigroup, Industriepark-Zwijnaarde 7B, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jody Voorspoels
- Eurofins Amatsigroup, Industriepark-Zwijnaarde 7B, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Campus Gasthuisberg ON2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Komaei A, Noorzad A, Ghadir P. Stabilization and solidification of arsenic contaminated silty sand using alkaline activated slag. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118395. [PMID: 37343471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils by arsenic represents a significant environmental and public health risk, making effective remediation strategies a pressing concern. One commonly employed technique is stabilization and solidification, which involves the addition of stabilizing binders such as cement to immobilize arsenic. This study investigates the potential of alkaline activated slag for stabilization and solidification of arsenic-contaminated soil, employing the toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. To assess the strength and leachability behavior, the research examines the effect of several factors, including binder content, curing time, curing conditions, alkaline activator solution to slag ratio, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio, and sodium hydroxide concentration. Additionally, field emission scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests are employed to analyze the stabilization and solidification mechanism. The study shows that increasing the slag content to 20% by weight after 28 days of curing at ambient temperature leads to a decrease of almost 92% in the concentration of leached arsenic and an increase in UCS from 80 kPa to approximately 19 MPa. The formation of albite and anorthite crystals, along with gels such as (N, C)-A-S-H and C-S-H, contributes to enhanced strength and reduced leachability. As a result, the use of alkaline activated slag is identified as an effective and environmentally friendly approach for the stabilization/solidification of arsenic-contaminated soils. This study highlights the use of alkaline activated slag as an effective solution for remediating arsenic-contaminated soils while simultaneously reducing waste, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy consumption. Slag, a byproduct of metal production, is often wasted due to a lack of value and landfill space. However, alkaline activated slag demonstrates the potential to stabilize soil, immobilize heavy metals, and provide efficient and sustainable soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Komaei
- Department of Civil Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Noorzad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pooria Ghadir
- School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Lee B, Wei P. Parametric study of lotus-type pore shape in solid subject to Henry's laws at interfaces. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18163. [PMID: 37554832 PMCID: PMC10404614 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of the length and maximum radius of lotus-type or single pores in ice or nonmetals satisfied by Henry's law at gas-liquid interfaces dissolved by a gas during unidirectional solidification are rigorously investigated and supported by a Table from algebraic predictions involving different dimensionless working parameters. Lotus-type porous materials characterized by directional properties have been often used as functional materials in food, biomedical, and micro- and nano-technologies. Following previous work taking into account solute amount and transport within the pore, and concentration boundary layers on the advancing solid-liquid interface and bubble cap, and the Young-Laplace equation and Henry's law at liquid-gas interfaces, the algebraic study further provides a Table for a quantitative and extensive understanding of different mechanisms of length and maximum radius. Dimensionless parameters include solute transport parameters of Henry's law constant, mass transfer coefficient, partition coefficient, solute gas amount in imposed ambient, and solute transport parameter, and fluid and thermal parameters of solidification rate, imposed gas pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and geometrical parameter of inter-pore spacing. The controlling of the shapes of lotus-type pores is achieved by a good comparison between predicted maximum diameter and inter-pore spacing during freezing of water dissolved by oxygen gas.
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16
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Sanchez JM, Arribas M, Galarraga H, Garcia de Cortazar M, Ellero M, Girot F. Effects of Mn addittion, cooling rate and holding temperature on the modification and purification of iron-rich compounds in AlSi10MnMg(Fe) alloy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13005. [PMID: 36793958 PMCID: PMC9922926 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of secondary aluminum alloys in industry is still limited by the high Fe contents in recycled alloys. In general, the Fe-rich intermetallic compounds deteriorate the performance of secondary Al-Si alloys, specially the β-Fe phase. To mitigate the detrimental effects of iron, the influence of diferent cooling rates and holding temperatures on the modification and purification of iron-rich compounds in commercial AlSi10MnMg alloy with 1.1 wt % Fe was studied. According to the results obtained by CALPHAD calculations, the alloy was modified by adding a 0.7 wt%, 1.2 wt%. and 2.0 wt% of Mn. The phase formation and morphology of iron-rich compounds was systematically studied and correlated by different microstructural characterization techniques. The experimental results showed that the detrimental β-Fe phase can be avoided by adding at least 1.2 wt % of Mn at the studied cooling rates. Finally, the effect of different holding temperatures in the sedimentation of Fe-rich compounds also was studied. Hence, the gravitational sedimentation experiments at different holding times and temperatures were conducted to validate the feasibility of the methodology in different processing conditions. The experimental results showed a high Fe removal efficiency up to 64% and 61%, after a holding time of 30 min at 600 °C and 670 °C, respectively. The addition of Mn improved the Fe removal efficiency but not gradually, as the best results were obtained in the alloy containing 1.2 wt % Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Mikel Sanchez
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea E-700, 48160, Derio, Spain,Corresponding author.
| | - Maribel Arribas
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea E-700, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Haize Galarraga
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea E-700, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Marco Ellero
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda de Mazarredo 14, 48400, Bilbao, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain,Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8QQ, UK
| | - Franck Girot
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering School of Bizkaia, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda de Urquijo s/n, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Song M, Lan T, Meng Y, Ju T, Chen Z, Shen P, Du Y, Deng Y, Han S, Jiang J. Effect of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation treatment on the solidification and stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) - Based materials incorporated with metakaolin. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136089. [PMID: 36028130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been considered as a potential treatment method for the solidification and stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA).The main obstacle for MICP treatment of MSWI-FA is the harsh environment which causes the bacteria fail to maintain their urease activity effectively, thus decreases the solidification effect and material properties. Currently, there is no research on blending metakaolin (MK) as a protective carrier for the bacteria into the MSWI-FA. The effect of the MICP process on the curing properties of MSWI FA-based cementing materials in the MK and MSWI-FA reaction system is largely unknown. In this study, different mixing ratios of MK were used to adjust the Ca/Si/Al ratio in the mixture, and the properties of the cementing material (MSWI-FA mixed with MK and water) and the MICP-treated material (MSWI-FA mixed with MK and bacterial solution) were investigated. This study contributes to find suitable additives to promote effect of MICP on the solidification of MSWI-FA and the improvement of material properties. The results showed when the mixing ratio of MSWI FA was 90 wt %, the MICP treatment was able to increase the compressive strength of the samples up to 0.99 Mp, and the compressive strength of samples reached 1.46 MPa, when the mixing ratio of MSWI FA was 80 wt %. Though the metakaolin did not show inhibitory effect on the urease activity, the compressive strength of the MICP-treated samples did not further show a significant increase when the mixture of MK was increased from 20 wt% to 30 wt%. Further investigation suggested that MICP activities of bacteria utilizing calcium sources could have an impact on the formation/deformation of calcium-containing hydration products in the reaction system, thus affecting the mechanical and chemical properties of MSWI based materials. MICP treatment is effective in the immobilization of certain heavy metals of MSWI FA, especially for Pb, Cd and Zn. This research shows the potential of using MICP to treat the MSWI fly ash, meanwhile, it is necessary to find suitable reaction system with the proper additives in order to further improve the properties of the MSWI FA based material in terms of mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Song
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian Lan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tongyao Ju
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhehong Chen
- China Tiegong Investment & Construction Group Co., Ltd, China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- China Tiegong Investment & Construction Group Co., Ltd, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongchi Deng
- China Tiegong Investment & Construction Group Co., Ltd, China
| | - Siyu Han
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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18
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Jiang X, Zhao Y, Yan J. Disposal technology and new progress for dioxins and heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration: A critical review. Environ Pollut 2022; 311:119878. [PMID: 35944780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Incineration has gradually become the most effective way to deal with MSW due to its obvious volume reduction and weight reduction effects. However, since heavy metals and organic pollutants carried by municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWI FA) pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health, they need to be handled carefully. In this study, the current status of MSWI FA disposal was first reviewed, and the harmless and resourceful disposal technologies of heavy metals and organic pollutants in MSWI FA are summarized as well. A summary of the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, including sintering, melting/vitrification, hydrothermal treatment, mechanochemistry, solidification/stabilization of MSWI FA, is compared. Finally, the research work that needs to be strengthened in the future (such as codisposal of multiple wastes, long-term stability research of disposal products, etc.) was proposed. Through comprehensive analysis, some reasonable and feasible suggestions were provided for the effective and safe disposal of MSWI FA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Power China Hebei Electric Power Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. D, No. 6 Jianhua North St., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China
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19
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Balasubramani N, Venezuela J, Yang N, Wang G, StJohn D, Dargusch M. An overview and critical assessment of the mechanisms of microstructural refinement during ultrasonic solidification of metals. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 89:106151. [PMID: 36067645 PMCID: PMC9463455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A refined, equiaxed grain structure and the formation of finer primary intermetallic phases are some of the notable benefits of ultrasonic processing of liquid/solidifying melts. Ultrasonic treatment (UST) has been widely explored in Al and Mg-based alloys due to its operational versatility and scalability. During UST, the refinement of grain and primary intermetallic phases occurs via cavitation-induced fragmentation mechanisms. In addition, UST improves the efficiency (activation of particles) of the conventional grain refinement process when potent particles are added through master alloys. Though the UST's ability to produce refined as-cast structures is well recognized, the understanding of the refinement mechanisms is still debated and unresolved. Significant efforts have been devoted to understanding these mechanisms through the use of sophisticated techniques such as in-situ/ real-time observation, lab-scale and commercial-scale casting processes. All these studies aim to demonstrate the significance of cavitation, fragmentation modes, and alloy chemistry in microstructure refinement. Although the physical effects of cavitation and acoustic streaming (fluid flow) are primary factors influencing the refinement, the dominant grain refinement mechanisms are affected by several solidification variables and casting conditions. Some of these include melt volume, solute, cooling rate, potent particles, grain growth (equiaxed, columnar or dendritic), and the cold zones of the casting where the onset of nucleation occurs. This review aims to provide a better insight into solidification variables emphasizing the importance of cold zones in generating fine structures for small- and large-volume (direct chill) castings. Another important highlight of this review is to present the relatively less explored mechanism of (acoustic) vibration-induced crystallization and discuss the role of cavitation in achieving a refined ingot structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagasivamuni Balasubramani
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Venezuela
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nan Yang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gui Wang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David StJohn
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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20
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Zhao Y, He W, Song D, Shen F, Li X, Sun Z, Wang Y, Liu S, Du Y, Fernández R. Effect of ultrasonic melt processing and Al-Ti-B on the microstructural refinement of recycled Al alloys. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 89:106139. [PMID: 36041376 PMCID: PMC9440080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Refining the α-Al grain size and controlling the morphology of intermetallic phases during solidification of Al alloys using ultrasonic melt processing (USMP) and Al-Ti-B have been extensively used in academic and industry. While, their synergy effect on the formation of these phases has not yet clearly demonstrated. In this paper, the influence of USMP and Al-Ti-B on the solidified microstructure of multicomponent Al-4.5Cu-0.5Mn-0.5Mg-0.2Si-xFe alloys (x = 0.7, and 1.2 wt%) has been comparatively studied. The results show that the USMP + Al-Ti-B method produce a more profound refinement effect than the individual methods. In addition, the area of single Fe-rich phases in both alloys with USMP + Al-Ti-B are also refined compared with conventional methods. A mechanism is proposed for the refinement, which are the deagglomerated TiB2 parties induced by USMP providing more effective nucleation sites for α-Al, and the refined interdendritic regions limited the growth of Fe-rich phases in the following eutectic reaction. Finally, the application of combined USMP + Al-Ti-B methods is feasible in microstructural refinement, resulting in the improving the casting soundness and mechanical properties of alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhao
- Neutron Scattering Technical Engineering Research Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM), C.S.I.C., Avda. de Gregorio del Amo 8, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Weixiang He
- Neutron Scattering Technical Engineering Research Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Dongfu Song
- National Engineering Research Centre of Near-net-shape Forming for Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metal Toughening Technology and Application, Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Fanghua Shen
- Neutron Scattering Technical Engineering Research Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Neutron Scattering Technical Engineering Research Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhenzhong Sun
- Neutron Scattering Technical Engineering Research Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Shuhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ricardo Fernández
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM), C.S.I.C., Avda. de Gregorio del Amo 8, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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21
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Jung M, Jin M, Jeon WJ, Lee H, Kim H, Won JH, Yoo H, Bai HW, Han SC, Suh H, Kang KU, Lee HK, Cho CW. Development of a long-acting tablet with ticagrelor high-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 13:1212-1227. [PMID: 35794353 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ticagrelor (TCG), an antiplatelet agent, has low solubility and permeability; thus, there are many trials to apply the pharmaceutical technology for the enhancement of TCG solubility and permeability. Herein, we have developed the TCG high-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (HL-NLC) and solidified the HL-NLC to develop the oral tablet. The HL-NLC was successfully fabricated and optimized with a particle size of 164.5 nm, a PDI of 0.199, an encapsulation efficiency of 98.5%, and a drug loading of 16.4%. For the solidification of HL-NLC (S-HL-NLC), the adsorbent was determined based on the physical properties of the S-HL-NLC, such as bulk density, tap density, angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Carr's index, and drug content. Florite R was chosen because of its excellent adsorption capacity, excellent physical properties, and solubility of the powder after manufacturing. Using an S-HL-NLC, the S-HL-NLC tablet with HPMC 4 K was prepared, which is showed a released extent of more than 90% at 24 h. Thus, we have developed the sustained release tablet containing the TCG-loaded HL-NLC. Moreover, the formulations have exhibited no cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells and improved the cellular uptake of TCG. In pharmacokinetic study, compared with raw TCG, the bioavailability of HL-NLC and S-HL-NLC was increased by 293% and 323%, respectively. In conclusion, we successfully developed the TCG high-loaded NLC tablet, that exhibited a sustained release profile and enhanced oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Minki Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - HaeSoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Haeun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Won
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyelim Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeollabuk-do, Jeongeup, 53212, South Korea.,Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Su-Cheol Han
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeollabuk-do, Jeongeup, 53212, South Korea
| | - Hearan Suh
- Postera Health Science Inc, Han River Misa 1st at Hyundai Knowledge Industry Center 550, Misa-daero, Hanam-si, 1005, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Kang
- Postera Health Science Inc, Han River Misa 1st at Hyundai Knowledge Industry Center 550, Misa-daero, Hanam-si, 1005, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hong-Ki Lee
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeollabuk-do, Jeongeup, 53212, South Korea.
| | - Cheong-Weon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
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22
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Zhang W, Wu Y, Huang S, Wu S, Gao J. Study on physicochemical characteristics, solidification and utilisation of tannery sludge gasification ash. J Environ Manage 2022; 310:114584. [PMID: 35192982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gasification is an attractive method for tannery sludge (TS) disposal because of its advantages: volume reduction, stabilisation, harmlessness, and energy recovery. TS reduction ash (AR) and TS oxidation ash (AO), simulated from a downdraft fixed bed gasifier (DFBG) and an updraft fixed bed gasifier (UFBG), were investigated on their physicochemical characteristics, solidification behaviour, and value-added utilisation. Results showed that the main mineral matters in AR and AO consisted of Fe-oxids and Fe-Cr compounds, and the DFBG was more suitable for TS gasification than the UFBG because of the lower content of Cr(Ⅵ) in AR. With the addition of waste glass bottles (WGB), the ash fusion temperatures (AFTs) and leaching concentrations of heavy metals in AR and AO decreased significantly, and the heavy metals in AR and AO were successfully immobilised by the wrapping effect of the molten WGB. Moreover, gasification ash, as an auxiliary material for rock wool, reduced the AFTs and viscosity coefficient of the main chemical compositions in rock wool. With the addition of AR, the occurrence of Fe-containing compounds and the extremely low risk of leaching toxicity of heavy metals were observed. The maximum addition proportion of gasification ash was dependent on the maximum content of Fe2O3 allowed in the raw materials of rock wool, and its addition ratio must be below 15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering for Energy Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Youqing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering for Energy Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering for Energy Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering for Energy Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jinsheng Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering for Energy Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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23
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Li M, Wang Q, Yang J, Cui J, Guo X, Zhou W. Experimental study on the permeability of Pb-contaminated silt solidified by CFG. Environ Technol 2022; 43:1294-1306. [PMID: 32941119 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1825532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The permeability of soil is a fundamental parameter in hydrological and geotechnical studies, nevertheless, the investigations on the silt especially the heavy mental contaminated silt have rarely been reported. The research introduces the effect of the different factors, including the osmotic pressure, curing time, the content of binders and the concentration of lead, on the permeability and microscopic properties of lead-contaminated silt, which is solidified by a novel curing agent, formed by mixing cement, fly ash and desulphurization gypsum (CFG). According to the tests of the permeability and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the permeability of samples is investigated under different influencing factors. The results demonstrate that the permeability coefficient of the contaminated silt increases with the increasing osmotic pressure and lead ion concentration, while decreases with the increasing CFG content and the curing time, additonally, there are interactions among various factors, which jointly affect the permeability of samples. Moreover, the statistical analysis shows that osmotic pressure has the most significant effect on permeability among various factors. Besides, the influence of lead ion concentration, osmotic pressure and CFG content on the permeability coefficient at the curing time of 14d is more significant than that of 28d, and the influence order of factors was slightly different at different curing time. Furthermore, the SEM test proves the conclusion of the statistical analysis, which also explains the common reasons for the enhancement of the impermeability and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the lead-contaminated silt with the increasing curing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingdong Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyang Cui
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
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24
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Hwang KM, Choi MS, Seok SH, Park ES. Development of self-microemulsifying tablets containing dutasteride for enhanced dissolution and pharmacokinetic profile. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121660. [PMID: 35292395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop self-microemulsifying tablets containing the hydrophobic drug dutasteride for easy administration and high in vivo absorption. The candidate lipids and surfactants were formulated into a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), and their mean droplet size upon dilution was evaluated. The SMEDDS containing Capmul® MCM, Captex® 355, and Cremophor® EL showed improved dissolution in the gastric medium when compared to the dissolution of the conventional product (Avodart®) and the raw drug. Among the various porous silicon microparticles for solidifying SMEDDS, Neusilin® US2 showed favorable properties in terms of maximum adsorption capacity, powder flow, and compaction. However, the amount of drug released from the solidified SMEDDS after the adsorption process was lower than that of liquid SMEDDS, indicating incomplete desorption. After observing the effect of the solid-to-liquid ratio and pre-filling the pores with blank SMEDDS, complete desorption was obtained when the pores were first adsorbed with polyvinylpyrrolidone. The self-microemulsifying tablets exhibited improved bioavailability (29.9% and 15.2%) compared to the conventional soft gelatin product. Therefore, the proposed system could successfully solubilize the hydrophobic drug while maintaining rapid and complete desorption from the solid carrier, resulting in enhanced in vivo performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Mok Hwang
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Center, JW Pharmaceutical Corporation, Seoul 06725, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Choi
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Center, JW Pharmaceutical Corporation, Seoul 06725, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Seok
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Wu F, Chen B, Qu G, Liu S, Zhao C, Ren Y, Liu X. Harmless treatment technology of phosphogypsum: Directional stabilization of toxic and harmful substances. J Environ Manage 2022; 311:114827. [PMID: 35248928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum is one of the typical by-products of phosphorus chemical industry. As a strategic industry related to the national livelihood of China, phosphorus chemical industry has accumulated and produced a significant amount of phosphogypsum. In general, phosphogypsum contains approximately 80%-95% calcium sulfate dihydrate, and less than 5% toxic and harmful elements. In this paper, toxic and hazardous components in phosphogypsum were efficiently solidified and stabilized by highly targeted solidification and stabilization technology. Calcium carbide slag or lime was used as an alkali-base neutralizer of phosphogypsum, and polymeric ferric sulfate or polymeric aluminum chloride as a directional solidification stabilizer to analyze the leaching toxicity of the mixed powder in 1, 3, 5 and 15 days. The experimental results demonstrate excellent solidification and stabilization effect with the leaching pH of 6-9, the leaching concentration of P, F and heavy metals of less than 0.5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, which meets the requirements of relevant international standards. Mechanistic analysis indicates that the solidification and stabilization of toxic and hazardous substances in phosphogypsum is perfectly achieved owing to the generation, adsorption and encapsulation of insoluble substances. This technology can reduce the costs and difficulty in the phosphogypsum treatment, and has extensive application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Wu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bangjin Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guangfei Qu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuanchaun Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
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26
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Wu S, Yao X, Yao Y, Ren C, Wu C, Zhang C, Wang W. Recycling phosphogypsum as the sole calcium oxide source in calcium sulfoaluminate cement production and solidification of phosphorus. Sci Total Environ 2022; 808:152118. [PMID: 34863744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because the disposal of phosphogypsum (PG) can lead to serious contamination of the air, soil, and water, recycling of PG has attracted wide attention. This study investigated the effect and solidification of phosphorus in the production of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement using PG as the sole CaO source. The effects of three phosphorus impurities (Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4, Ca(H2PO4)2) on the decomposition of CaSO4, formation of minerals, microstructure of the clinker, and the hydration and mechanical properties of the cement were studied. Experimental results show that Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca(H2PO4)2 promoted the decomposition of CaSO4 and the formation of clinker minerals with the increase in P2O5 content, whereas CaHPO4 showed a promoting effect only when the P2O5 content was more than 1.5 wt%. The increase in phosphorus incorporation in Ca2SiO4 leads to the transformation of β-Ca2SiO4 to α'-Ca2SiO4 and then to Ca7Si2P2O16. The presence of three phosphates in the clinker enhanced the growth of crystal grains and the generation of a liquid phase. Compared with Ca4Al6SO16 without phosphorus, the hydration reaction of phosphorus-bearing Ca4Al6SO16 started later and ended earlier, and the reaction time was shorter. The presence of phosphorus impurities reduces the 1-day strength of CSA cement but does not affect the development of the 3-day and 28-day strengths. Considering environmental aspects, the solidification of phosphorus in the production of CSA clinker were quantified by measuring the distribution of elements. The results indicated that phosphorus is solidified by Ca4Al6SO16, Ca2SiO4, and Ca4Al2Fe2O10, and Ca2SiO4 has a stronger ability to solidify phosphorus than the other two minerals. Ca3(PO4)2 is more difficult to solidify than CaHPO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2. This study is of great significant to guide the large-scale clean utilization of PG in the production of CSA cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Xingliang Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Yonggang Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Changzai Ren
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250306, China.
| | - Changliang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China.
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27
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Lin X, Chen J, Xu S, Mao T, Liu W, Wu J, Li X, Yan J. Solidification of heavy metals and PCDD/Fs from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by the polymerization of calcium carbonate oligomers. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132420. [PMID: 34600925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate oligomers are gel-state precursors that can be crystallized by low-temperature heat treatments to form an inorganic material with a monolithic and continuous structure, this material can effectively solidify/stabilize heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA). Calcium chloride addition achieves FA stabilization/solidification by the formation and polymerization of calcium carbonate oligomers. The effects of calcium, triethylamine (TEA), and water-washing pretreatment on the solidification of heavy metals by the polymer were studied. Consequently, as more calcium was added, the solidification improved. When the ratio of TEA/Ca2+ was increased from 2:1 to 3:1, the solidification efficiency of As and Cd increased, but it decreased when the ratio was continuously increased to 4:1. After the water-washing pre-treatment, the MSWI FA had a significantly improved solidification effect on the heavy metals, and the solidification efficiencies of zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, and arsenic were 81.9%, 90.0%, 93.5%, 91.8%, 99.6% and 95.5%, respectively. Additionally, the solidification efficiency of PCDD/Fs was 56.5%. The heavy metals and PCDD/Fs in MSWI FA solidified by physical adsorption, wrapping and chemical precipitation. The continuous calcium carbonate structure adsorbed and encased the MSWI FA, and the heavy metals in the MSWI FA were converted from a free state to carbonate precipitates through carbonation, and the carbonate precipitate was more likely to be physical solidification by calcium carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaixi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Tieying Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiezhen Wu
- Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Zhang H, Ji Z, Zeng Y, Pei Y. Solidification/stabilization of landfill leachate concentrate contaminants using solid alkali-activated geopolymers with a high liquid solid ratio and fixing rate. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132495. [PMID: 34655647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate concentrate (LLC) is a highly toxic wastewater that contains many refractory contaminants. One of the technical and economic treatment methods is solidification/stabilization (S/S), where the contaminants of LLC can be sealed in one step to achieve zero wastewater discharge. This study presents the S/S of LLC contaminants using solid alkali-activated geopolymers prepared from blast furnace slag (BFS) and powdery sodium silicate. The stability of the formed geopolymer was studied through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and leaching tests. The strongest UCS was obtained when the modulus of the activator was 1.16 with a high liquid/solid ratio of 0.64. BFS-based geopolymers presented excellent LLC S/S efficiency. The S/S rates of TOC, CODCr, NH3-N, Cl-, and SO42- were 81%, 89%, 97%, 97%, and 78%, respectively. The S/S rates of heavy metals, i.e., Cd and Pb, were all more than 99%. The results of microstructure characterization showed that the S/S mechanism of LLC pollutants was the dual effect of physical closure and chemical stability. Cl- and SO42- were respectively stabilized in the crystal lattice by Friedel's salt and calcium sulfate, respectively, while organic matter and NH3-N were physically encapsulated in the dense structure of the geopolymer. Overall, BFS based geopolymers demonstrated high treatment capacity and excellent S/S efficiency, and have a potential application prospects in LLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zehua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuxin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuansheng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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29
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Kochetkova M, Timofeeva I, Bulatov A. A derivatization and microextraction procedure with organic phase solidification on a paper template: Spectrofluorometric determination of formaldehyde in milk. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 263:120160. [PMID: 34284279 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A derivatization and air-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure with organic phase solidification on a paper template was developed for the first time. The procedure was used for the spectrofluorometric determination of formaldehyde in milk samples. The Hantzsch reaction of formaldehyde with acetylacetone in the presence of ammonia to form a derivative (3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine) was implemented for the microextraction and detection of analyte. Thymol was investigated as the extraction solvent for the air-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the first time. In the developed procedure, molten thymol was added to the thermostated aqueous sample solution containing reagents for formaldehyde derivatization, and cloudy solution of fine thymol droplets was formed by air bubbling. After separation of phases the liquid extract phase was withdrawn with a dispenser and distributed on the black paper template in a thin layer to be solidified. The solidified extract phase on the template was inserted to a sample holder of a spectrofluorometer and fluorescence intensity was measured without using cuvettes. Under optimal experimental conditions the linear detection range was found to be 45-500 µg L-1 with LOD calculated from a blank test, based on 3σ, 15 µg L-1. The developed procedure does not require the dilution of the solid extract phase in organic solvent to be introduced in an analytical instrumentation and the use of cuvettes for spectrofluorometric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kochetkova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St. Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Irina Timofeeva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St. Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Andrey Bulatov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St. Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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30
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Li B, Pan L, Liu C, Zhang X. Molecular dynamics investigation of structure evolution and thermodynamics of Ni-Fe nanoparticles during inert gas condensation. J Mol Model 2021; 27:288. [PMID: 34536146 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles is relevant to many applications in the fields of catalysis, energy storage, and biomedicine. Understanding the growth mechanisms and morphology of nanoparticles during inert gas condensation is crucial to rationally improve the performance of the final nanoparticles. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study the structural and thermodynamic behavior of Ni-Fe nanoparticles from homogenous vapor phase in Ar atmosphere. It is revealed that the final morphology of the resulting nanoparticles presents a spherical shape by cluster coalescence at high temperatures where the small clusters are liquid droplets prior to their collisions. However, probabilistic nucleation and cluster growth indicate that the occurrence of spherical shape is more controlled by the probability limits for different Fe concentrations. Meanwhile, a larger inert gas density induces a more efficient cooling effect leading to a larger probability control of the cluster formation with non-spherical shape by agglomeration. Furthermore, the solidification of the as-formed Ni-Fe clusters is examined by evaluating the evolution of crystalline and amorphous structure. The linear scaling-down dependence of the solidification temperature on the reciprocal of the nanoparticle size clearly signifies a linear size-depression effect for the liquid-to-solid phase change of Ni-Fe nanoparticles. Our findings thus extend the current understanding of inert gas condensation behavior and mechanisms of Ni-Fe nanoparticles from an atomic/molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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31
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Kozai N, Sato J, Osugi T, Shimoyama I, Sekine Y, Sakamoto F, Ohnuki T. Sewage sludge ash contaminated with radiocesium: Solidification with alkaline-reacted metakaolinite (geopolymer) and Portland cement. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:125965. [PMID: 34492877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study contributes toward developing measures for the disposal of radiocesium-contaminated sewage sludge ash (SSA). Here, we prepared two types of solidified bodies containing 30 wt% radiocesium-bearing SSA. The material used for the two solidified bodies were alkaline-reacted metakaolinite (geopolymer) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Cement has been used for solidification of low-level radioactive wastes, and geopolymer is a candidate of cement alternative materials. The characteristics of these solidified bodies were investigated by various aspects including mechanical strength, transformation of SSA components during solidification, and radiocesium confinement ability by leaching test. The compressive strength of geopolymer- and OPC-solidified bodies at 30 wt% SSA content was more than 40 MPa. After static leaching test at 60 °C, 137Cs was hardly leached out from the geopolymer-solidified bodies containing SSA at 30 wt% to ultrapure water (<0.1%), whereas more than 30% 137Cs was leached from the OPC-solidified bodies containing SSA at 30 wt% even though only ~9% of 137Cs in the SSA is soluble. These results strongly indicate that geopolymer is far superior to OPC for solidifying radiocesium-bearing SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Kozai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Junya Sato
- Nuclear Backend Technology Center, JAEA, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1194, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osugi
- Nuclear Backend Technology Center, JAEA, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1194, Japan
| | - Iwao Shimoyama
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Yurina Sekine
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; Materials Sciences Research Center, JAEA, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakamoto
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ohnuki
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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32
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Zhou Y, Zhang M, Wang C, Ren X, Guo T, Cao Z, Zhang J, Sun L, Wu L. Solidification of volatile D-Limonene by cyclodextrin metal-organic framework for pulmonary delivery via dry powder inhalers: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120825. [PMID: 34171430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
D-Limonene (D-Lim), a volatile oil extracted from citrus fruits, has therapeutic effects on lung inflammation and cancer, whilst the deep delivery of D-Lim was challenging due to its physical instability for a long period of time. To prevent the volatilization of D-Lim and achieve efficient pulmonary delivery, herein, D-Lim was loaded into biodegradable γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (γ-CD-MOF) with optimal loading efficiency achieving 13.79 ± 0.01% (molar ratio of D-Lim and γ-CD-MOF was 1.6:1), which possessed cubic shape with controllable particle size (1-5 μm). The experimental results indicated that γ-CD-MOF could improve the stability of D-Lim. A series of characterizations and molecular docking were used to reveal the interaction between D-Lim and γ-CD-MOF. The solidification of D-Lim by γ-CD-MOF played a crucial role in the exploitation of its inhalable dosage form, dry powder inhaler (DPI). Specifically, the aerosolization of D-Lim@γ-CD-MOF for inhalation was satisfactory with a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 33.12 ± 1.50% at 65 L/min of flow rate. Furthermore, in vivo study had shown a 2.23-fold increase in bioavailability of D-Lim solidified by γ-CD-MOF for inhalation compared to D-Lim for oral administration. Therefore, it is considered that γ-CD-MOF could be an excellent carrier for pulmonary drug delivery to realize solidification and lung therapeutic effects of volatile oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Caifen Wang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zeying Cao
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Yang N, Balasubramani N, Venezuela J, Almathami S, Wen C, Dargusch M. The influence of Ca and Cu additions on the microstructure, mechanical and degradation properties of Zn-Ca-Cu alloys for absorbable wound closure device applications. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1436-1451. [PMID: 33210035 PMCID: PMC7658446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel ternary Zn-Ca-Cu alloys were studied for the development of absorbable wound closure device material due to Ca and Cu's therapeutic values to wound healing. The influence of Ca and Cu on the microstructure, mechanical and degradation properties of Zn were investigated in the as-cast state to establish the fundamental understanding on the Zn-Ca-Cu alloy system. The microstructure of Zn-0.5Ca-0.5Cu, Zn-1.0Ca-0.5Cu, and Zn0.5Ca-1.0Cu is composed of intermetallic phase CaZn13 distributed within the Zn-Cu solid solution. The presence of CaZn13 phase and Cu as solute within the Zn matrix, on the one hand, exhibited a synergistic effect on the grain refinement of Zn, reducing the grain size of pure Zn by 96%; on the other hand, improved the mechanical properties of the ternary alloys through solid solution strengthening, second phase strengthening, and grain refinement. The degradation properties of Zn-Ca-Cu alloys are primarily influenced by the micro-galvanic corrosion between Zn-Cu matrix and CaZn13 phase, where the 0.5% and 1.0% Ca addition increased the corrosion rate of Zn from 11.5 μm/y to 19.8 μm/y and 29.6 μm/y during 4 weeks immersion test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nagasivamuni Balasubramani
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Venezuela
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sharifah Almathami
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Zhu B, Zhang Q, Lu L, Bao J, Rong X, Wang JR, Mei X. Cocrystals to tune oily vitamin E into crystal vitamin E. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120057. [PMID: 33171264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
d-α-tocopherol (d-αToc), the most biologically active form of natural Vitamin E, is oily in appearance and unstable to oxygen. Esterification and encapsulation are generally needed to stabilize and solidify d-αToc for the purpose of its expanding applications. In this study, we propose a more effective way to stabilize and solidify d-αToc oil in one step. By cocrystallization, the melting point of d-αToc is significantly increased, such that the oily d-αToc is successfully transformed into solid form at room temperature. The single crystal structure of d-αToc was firstly uncovered and the molecular interaction in cocrystals was revealed. Crystalline Vitamin E shows high stability to light and temperature. Its spherical crystallization affords good powder flowability, which is extremely important as food or feed additives. Moreover, cocrystal Vitamin E remains the original form of tocopherol without esterification and thus has a great advantage on higher bioavailability. Cocrystallization of oily d-αToc spares the use of acetic ester and a mass of excipients, which is of great environmental importance and greatly reduces the production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liye Lu
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junjie Bao
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyi Rong
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Rong Wang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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35
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Li B, Jian S, Zhu J, Yu H, Wu R, Gao W, Tan H. Effect of flux components of lightweight aggregate on physical properties and heavy metal solidification performance. Waste Manag 2020; 118:131-138. [PMID: 32892090 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of lightweight aggregate (LWA) by high-temperature sintering is a promising method for recycling solid waste safely, especially for solidifying heavy metals effectively. The main aim of this research was to systematically evaluate the effects of the flux components on LWA, including Na2O, MgO, CaO, and Fe2O3. The physical properties and chromium solidification mechanism of LWA were characterized and analyzed. The results showed that the addition of Na facilitated LWA preparation and Cr solidification, whereas Ca, Mg, and Fe were deleterious to some extent. Further analysis indicated that increasing the Fe2O3 content was not conducive to the reduction of Cr because its decomposition reaction creates an oxygen-rich environment. The results of this research could provide a meaningful guide for regulating the composition of raw materials for the production of LWA to treat industrial Cr-containing solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shouwei Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiaoqun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Houliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rendi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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36
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Solomon JJ, Hanley AM, Hanley TR. Characterization of the effectiveness of a hydrocarbon liquid solidifier. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05465. [PMID: 33235937 PMCID: PMC7670207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Solidifiers are dry, granular hydrophobic polymers that form physical bonds with hydrocarbons by molecular interactions (hydrogen bonding, London forces), and are used to immobilize hydrocarbon spill propagation and dispersion. CIAgent© is a non-toxic, proprietary polymer blend listed as an “Oil Solidifier” on the EPA's National Contingency Plan Product Schedule for use on hydrocarbon spills in the navigable waterways of United States. CIAgent solidifies the liquid hydrocarbons through a rapid transformation into a cohesive rubber-like inert mass upon contact and retains the liquid for easier removal and disposal. The objective of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of the solidifier with a variety of hydrocarbon liquids that could be encountered in an oil spill scenario. The effectiveness of the solidifier was characterized in terms of the application rate, temperature change, solubility parameters and solidification time for a variety of hydrocarbon liquids (e. g., gasoline, diesel fuel, crude oil) that could be encountered by measuring the heat of solidification using a solution calorimeter. A thermogram was obtained and the heat of solidification was calculated using the temperature difference upon solidification. The temperature change and the degree of swelling in the solidifier were used to determine the solubility parameter of the solidifier (6.77 Hildebrands). The heat of solidification value was used to determine the ease and speed of the solidification of the hydrocarbon liquids. Solidification times ranged from 40 to 120 s for the liquids tested. The average application ratio in weight of solidifier to weight of hydrocarbon ranged was 3.35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jola J Solomon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Alan M Hanley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Thomas R Hanley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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37
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Chen W, Wang F, Li Z, Li Q. A comprehensive evaluation of the treatment of lead in MSWI fly ash by the combined cement solidification and phosphate stabilization process. Waste Manag 2020; 114:107-114. [PMID: 32663772 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash is a hazardous material that is produced from municipal solid waste incineration. It contains heavy metals and should be properly treated to meet landfill entry requirements. In this study, under the precondition that the leachable concentration of lead (Pb) exceeded the limit value for landfill disposal, the effects of cement solidification, chemical stabilization, and their combination on the leachable Pb concentration and the chemical state of Pb were systematically investigated. In addition, the reaction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) in terms of leachable Pb concentration, volume change ratio, and treatment cost. The results indicated that the leachable Pb concentration decreased at lower cement or sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) dosages in cement solidification or NaH2PO4 stabilization, and the liquid-to-solid ratio had a significant influence on cement solidification. The leachable Pb concentration met the limit value for landfill disposal in the individual processes with 20% cement or 5% NaH2PO4, and in the combined process with 10% cement + 2% NaH2PO4. The combined process achieved the best treatment efficiency by enabling Pb to transform to a stable residual state. According to the RSM, a combined cement content of 11.64%, NaH2PO4 content of 2.79%, and liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.48 were the optimal parameters, resulting in substantial decreases in the volume change ratio and treatment costs, while satisfying the preconditions for landfill disposal. In conclusion, the combined process can reduce the pollution risk to the environment, and is an efficient and cost-effective pre-treatment method for incinerator fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute CO., LTD., Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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38
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Komljenović M, Tanasijević G, Džunuzović N, Provis JL. Immobilization of cesium with alkali-activated blast furnace slag. J Hazard Mater 2020; 388:121765. [PMID: 31928790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alkali-activated binders (AABs), as a promising alternative to Portland cement, are now being used on a commercial scale in various applications around the world, including hazardous and radioactive waste immobilization. In this paper, the leaching resistance, strength, and nanostructural alteration of alkali-activated blast furnace slag (AABFS) doped with 2 % and 5 % cesium were investigated. The addition of cesium caused a significant increase in the compressive strength of AABFS, followed by mild strength reduction after leaching. AABFS can be considered a potentially efficient matrix for cesium immobilization, since the mean leachability index in both cases (2 % and 5 % of Cs added) was above the threshold value of 6. Both doping with Cs and leaching caused the transformation of the AABFS nanostructure. The majority of the aluminum that was released from the C-A-S-H gel due to leaching remained within the AABFS matrix, initiating gel reconstruction: the C-A-S-H gel was converted to C-S-H gel, and an additional N-(C)-A-S-H gel was also formed. Cesium was preferentially associated with the N-(C)-A-S-H gel rather than with the C-A-S-H gel. The results of this research seem to be in good agreement with the Cross-linked Substituted Tobermorite Model (CSTM).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komljenović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - G Tanasijević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Džunuzović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J L Provis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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Chen H, Yuan H, Mao L, Hashmi MZ, Xu F, Tang X. Stabilization/ solidification of chromium-bearing electroplating sludge with alkali-activated slag binders. Chemosphere 2020; 240:124885. [PMID: 31568939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr)-bearing electroplating sludge is a hazardous solid waste and has a detrimental effect on human health and the environment. In this study, an alkali-activated slag binders, namely, formed by the reaction of blast furnace slag (BFS) with alkali, was applied to the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of electroplating sludge. The effects of liquid-solid ratio, water glass modulus ratio (molar ratio of SiO2 to Na2O), water glass dosage, and electroplating sludge amount on the compressive strength and Cr leachability of binders were analyzed. The related mechanism of the S/S of electroplating sludge was discussed on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Results showed that the compressive strength of the alkali-activated slag binder first increased and then remained stable with the increase in liquid-solid ratio, water glass modulus ratio, and water glass dosage. By contrast, the leaching concentrations of Cr(VI) and total Cr decreased with the increase in liquid-solid ratio, water glass modulus ratio, water glass dosage, and curing time. In addition, XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS revealed that the hydration products of the binders were mainly low-crystallinity and dense calcium silicate hydrate gels, and Cr(VI) had been effectively immobilized in the structure. The reduction in Cr(VI) by the reductive components in the BFS boosted the stabilization of Cr-bearing electroplating sludge. Overall, the BFS binders containing electroplating sludge had relatively high compressive strengths and low Cr(VI) leaching concentrations. The physical encapsulation, chemical bonding, and absorption contributed the Cr immobilization during the S/S process of electroplating sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Honghong Yuan
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linqing Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | | | - Fangnan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xianjin Tang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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40
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Gu Y, Wang L, Shen D, Ruan J, Lv S, Long Y. Characterization of solidification for disposal of hazardous waste landfill leachate. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:4227-4235. [PMID: 31828702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous waste landfill leachate (HWLL) with high concentrations of salt and pollutants has created a bottleneck at hazardous waste landfills. This study applied a cement-based curing method to the disposal of HWLL. The highest contaminant fixing rate was achieved by adjusting the composition and proportion of the curing base, the content of additives, and the liquid-solid (L/S) ratio of the leachate to the curing base. The fixing rates for chemical oxygen demand and salt content in HWLL reached the highest values of 95.1% and 86.1%, respectively, when the Portland cement to metakaolin ratio was 3:2; the L/S was 1; and diatomite and activated carbon were added at 0.5% and 0.25%, respectively. The addition of glass fiber to the curing base improved the crack resistance of the solidified product. A simulated landfill experiment further indicated that after 116 days of leaching, the leachate effluent pollutant concentrations of the landfill column were lower than the effluent standard. Solidification is a feasible method for HWLL disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Lijia Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jinmu Ruan
- Shaoxing Shangyu Zhonglian Environment Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, 312300, China
| | - Saijun Lv
- Shaoxing Shangyu Zhonglian Environment Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, 312300, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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41
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Motta FL, Stoyanov SR, Soares JBP. Development and application of an amylopectin-graft-poly(methyl acrylate) solidifier for rapid and efficient containment and recovery of heavy oil spills in aqueous environments. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124352. [PMID: 31325825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective oil spill preparedness and response are crucial to ensure environmental protection and promote the responsible development of the petroleum industry. Hence, interest in developing new approaches and/or improving existing oil spill response measures has increased greatly in the past decade. Solidifiers are an attractive and underutilized option to mitigate the effects of oil spills, as they interact with oil to contain the spill, prevent it from spreading, and facilitate its removal from the environment. In this work, we have synthesized an inexpensive and easy-to-make natural-based sorbent, a subclass of solidifiers. Our amylopectin-graft-poly(methyl acrylate) (AP-g-PMA) sorbent is highly oleophilic and hydrophobic, and selectively solidifies diluted bitumen and conventional crude oil from biphasic mixtures of oil and water. The complete solidification of conventional crude oil and diluted bitumen by the AP-g-PMA sorbent occurs within 8 and 32 min, respectively, and even a low solidifier-to-oil ratio of 4% w/w is sufficient to enable complete recovery of diluted bitumen. This innovative natural-based polymeric sorbent may be applied as a key component of oil spill response procedures, especially for heavy oils. The AP-g-PMA sorbent combines the biodegradability and non-toxicity of the amylopectin with the hydrophobicity and oleophilicity of the synthetic polymer poly(methyl acrylate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Lopes Motta
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY Devon, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, Alberta, T9G 1A8, Canada.
| | - Stanislav R Stoyanov
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY Devon, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, Alberta, T9G 1A8, Canada.
| | - João B P Soares
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 St, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Rouhollahi A, Ilegbusi O, Florczyk S, Xu K, Foroosh H. Effect of Mold Geometry on Pore Size in Freeze-Cast Chitosan-Alginate Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:1090-102. [PMID: 31654152 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-casting is a popular method to produce biomaterial scaffolds with highly porous structures. The pore structure of freeze-cast biomaterial scaffolds is influenced by processing parameters but has mostly been controlled experimentally. A mathematical model integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics with Population Balance Model was developed to predict average pore size (APS) of 3D porous chitosan-alginate scaffolds and to assess the influence of the geometrical parameters of mold on scaffold pore structure. The model predicted the crystallization pattern and APS for scaffolds cast in different diameter molds and filled to different heights. The predictions demonstrated that the temperature gradient and solidification pattern affect ice crystal nucleation and growth, subsequently influencing APS homogeneity. The predicted APS compared favorably with APS measurements from a corresponding experimental dataset, validating the model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the response of the APS to the three geometrical parameters of the mold: well radius; solution fill height; and spacing between wells. The pore size was most sensitive to the distance between the wells and least sensitive to solution height. This validated model demonstrates a method for optimizing the APS of freeze-cast biomaterial scaffolds that could be applied to other compositions or applications.
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Wang Y, Gao S, Liu X, Tang B, Mukiza E, Zhang N. Preparation of non-sintered permeable bricks using electrolytic manganese residue: Environmental and NH 3-N recovery benefits. J Hazard Mater 2019; 378:120768. [PMID: 31220649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to prepare non-sintered permeable bricks using significant amount of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR), discharged by electrolytic metal manganese industry. Mechanical and environmental properties were investigated. The microstructure was analyzed by means of XRD, FTIR, TG-DSC and SEM-EDS. It was observed that the splitting tensile strength and permeability coefficient of the optimum proportion were 3.53 MPa and 3.2 × 10-2 cm/s respectively. The main hydration products were found to be ettringite, C-S-H, aluminosilicates and C-A-S-H. The leaching test showed that Mn, Pb, Cd, total Cr and NH3-N in the non-sintered permeable bricks were solidified up to concentrations lower than groundwater standard. In addition to that, the NH3-N produced during the process was transformed into ammonia water which was in turn recycled and reused in manganese electrolysis. Besides, non-sintered permeable bricks have been produced at large scale and applied successfully as pavement materials in Songtao, China. Therefore, the use of EMR to produce non-sintered permeable bricks possesses important environmental and economic significance because the process not only utilizes large quantities of EMR and saves EMR disposal cost, but also saves a lot of natural resources and improves the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Wang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Binwen Tang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Emile Mukiza
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Material Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
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Kuncahyo I, Choiri S, Fudholi A, Rohman A, Martien R. Understanding the effect of lipid formulation loading and ethanol as a diluent on solidification of pitavastatin super-saturable SNEDDS using factorial design approach. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:378-390. [PMID: 31798654 PMCID: PMC6827189 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.268198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Solidification of a preconcentrate lipid formulation namely self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is required to achieve feasibility, flexibility, and a new concept of “dry nano-emulsion”. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of SNEDDS loading and ethanol as a diluent on the solidification of pitavastatin supersaturable SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS). A 22 full factorial design approach with a center point addition as a curvature was implemented to determine the effect of S-SNEDDS loading and ethanol on the physical characteristics, namely flowability, compactibility, and drug release behavior. Vibrational spectra, thermal behavior, and morphology of solid S-SNEDDS formulation were also evaluated. The results indicated that there was no interaction between S-SNEDDS and carrier, based on vibrational spectra. However, thermal behaviors (enthalpy and weight loss) were depending on SNEDDS loading. Thereafter, the ethanol as a diluent of preconcentrated formulation had no effect on the morphology of carrier structure. However, the S-SNEDDS loading altered the structure of carrier owing to either solubilization or abrasion processes. The statistical model suggested that ethanol as diluent reduced the flowability, compactibility, and drug releases. Meanwhile, the liquid SNEDDS loading affected the reducing of flowability and compactibility. Finally, solidification without diluent and 20% lipid formulation load was recommended. In addition, it was very useful because of ease on handling, flexibility for further formulation, and desired characteristics of final solid dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Kuncahyo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Setia Budi University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Syaiful Choiri
- Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Fudholi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Martien
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Zhao S, Muhammad F, Yu L, Xia M, Huang X, Jiao B, Lu N, Li D. Solidification/stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash using uncalcined coal gangue-based alkali-activated cementitious materials. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:25609-25620. [PMID: 31267393 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The proper disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) is necessary due to the presence of hazardous metals (Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+). The solidification/stabilization through alkali-activated cementitious materials (having aluminosilicates) is regarded as one of the best methods for its disposal. In this paper, an uncalcined coal gangue-based alkali-activated cementitious material was used to solidify the MSWI FA. The compressive strength of these cementitious materials was evaluated through different contents of alkali activators, SiO2/Na2O molar ratios, liquid/solid ratios and curing temperatures by utilizing a single-factor experiment. The specimens with the highest compressive strength (31.37 MPa) were used for solidification of MSWI FA. The results indicated that compressive strength decreased with the addition of MSWI FA which caused the higher leaching of heavy metals. The solidification efficiencies of Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ were more than 95%. In addition, leaching concentrations had not surpassed the critical limit up to 20% addition of MSWI FA in solidified samples and representing the potential application of these samples for construction and landfill purposes. Heavy metals in MSWI FA were solidified through physical encapsulation and chemical bonding which was verified by speciation analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for coal mine disaster dynamics and control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Faheem Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory for coal mine disaster dynamics and control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lin Yu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ming Xia
- State Key Laboratory for coal mine disaster dynamics and control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for coal mine disaster dynamics and control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Binquan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for coal mine disaster dynamics and control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Ning Lu
- College of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for coal mine disaster dynamics and control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Tian Q, Sasaki K. Application of fly ash-based materials for stabilization/ solidification of cesium and strontium. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:23542-23554. [PMID: 31203540 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coal fly ash, as a solid waste produced from coal-fired power plants, was recycled for synthesis of zeolite A and geopolymer which were used for stabilization/solidification of Cs+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solutions. Specifically, the sorption data was successfully fitted by kinetic and thermodynamic models. The microstructure changes of zeolite A after loading Cs+ and Sr2+ were explored using XRD, FTIR, Raman, TG-DTA, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm. The solidification of the spent zeolites using geopolymer was conducted and evaluated. It was found that pseudo-second sorption mechanism was predominant and, according to the Boyd equation, film diffusion seemed to govern the sorption process. The maximum sorption capacities on Cs+ and Sr2+ based on Langmuir model were 2.12 and 1.93 mmol/g, respectively. During ion exchange with Cs+ and Sr2+, Cs+ was inclined to go through the window to occupy the position of eight-member ring, while the Sr2+ was more likely to replace the Na+ in the six-member ring, thereby easily leading to the different changes of zeolite structure. In addition, geopolymer could be a promising matrix for the treatment of radioactive waste because the leaching fraction greatly decreased after solidification by geopolymer. Therefore, the recycling of coal fly ash for radioactive waste disposal could achieve the concept of disposal waste with waste and recycling, which could greatly contribute to the sustainable development of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhi Tian
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, Nishiku, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, Nishiku, 819-0395, Japan.
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Mwandira W, Nakashima K, Kawasaki S, Ito M, Sato T, Igarashi T, Banda K, Chirwa M, Nyambe I, Nakayama S, Ishizuka M. Efficacy of biocementation of lead mine waste from the Kabwe Mine site evaluated using Pararhodobacter sp. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:15653-15664. [PMID: 30949946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biocementation of hazardous waste is used in reducing the mobility of contaminants, but studies on evaluating its efficacy have not been well documented. Therefore, to evaluate the efficacy of this method, physicochemical factors affecting stabilized hazardous products of in situ microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) were determined. The strength and leach resistance were investigated using the bacterium Pararhodobacter sp. Pb-contaminated kiln slag (KS) and leach plant residue (LPR) collected from Kabwe, Zambia, were investigated. Biocemented KS and KS/LPR had leachate Pb concentrations below the detection limit of < 0.001 mg/L, resisted slaking, and had maximum unconfined compressive strengths of 8 MPa for KS and 4 MPa for KS/LPR. Furthermore, biocemented KS and KS/LPR exhibited lower water absorption coefficient values, which could potentially reduce the water transportation of Pb2+. The results of this study show that MICP can reduce Pb2+ mobility in mine wastes. The improved physicochemical properties of the biocemented materials, therefore, indicates that this technique is an effective tool in stabilizing hazardous mine wastes and, consequently, preventing water and soil contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Mwandira
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakashima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Satoru Kawasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Igarashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kawawa Banda
- IWRM Centre/Geology Department, School of Mines, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Meki Chirwa
- IWRM Centre/Geology Department, School of Mines, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Imasiku Nyambe
- IWRM Centre/Geology Department, School of Mines, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Shouta Nakayama
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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Sörengård M, Kleja DB, Ahrens L. Stabilization and solidification remediation of soil contaminated with poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). J Hazard Mater 2019; 367:639-646. [PMID: 30654281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Remediation methods for soils contaminated with poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are urgently needed to protect the surrounding environment and drinking water source areas from pollution. In this study, the stabilization and solidification (S/S) technique was tested on aged PFAS-contaminated soil that were artificially spiked with 14 PFAS. To further reduce leaching of PFASs in S/S-treated soil, seven different additives were tested at 2% concentration: powdered activated carbon (PAC), Rembind®, pulverized zeolite, chitosan, hydrotalcite, bentonite, and calcium chloride. Standardized leaching tests on S/S-treated soil revealed that leaching of 13 out of 14 target PFASs (excluding perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBA)) was reduced by, on average, 70% and 94% by adding PAC and Rembind®. Longer-chained PFASs such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which is considered persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic, were stabilized by 99.9% in all S/S treatments when PAC or Rembind® was used as an additive. The S/S stabilization efficiency depended on PFAS perfluorocarbon chain length and functional group, e.g., it increased on average by 11-15 % per CF3-moeity and was on average 49% higher for the perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs) than the perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs). Overall, the S/S treatment with active carbon-based additives showed excellent performance in reducing leaching of PFASs, without marked loss of physical matrix stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Sörengård
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Kornhamnstorg 61, 111 27, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Seidi S, Alavi L, Jabbari A. Dispersed Solidified Fine Droplets Based on Sonication of a Low Melting Point Deep Eutectic Solvent: a Novel Concept for Fast and Efficient Determination of Cr(VI) in Urine Samples. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:353-362. [PMID: 30043285 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cr(VI) has carcinogenic effects, so determination of trace amount of chromium in human body such as urine has a great deal of importance. In this work, a novel microextraction method was developed based on solidification of dispersed fine droplets (SDFD) of a low melting point deep eutectic solvent (DES), produced with the aid of sonication, for fast and efficient determination of Cr(VI) in urine samples. Cr(VI) contents of the human urine samples were first complexed using 1,5-diphenylcarbazone at pH ≈ 2.0 and then extracted by the method. A cloudy solution was achieved by the sonication of a microliter volume of a new water-immiscible DES consisting of benzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (BTPPB) and phenol. Low freezing point of DES makes it possible to use simple, precise, and fast collection of the extraction phase by solidification and the subsequent centrifugation. Finally, the sedimented phase was diluted with methanol and analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The influences of the main factors on the efficiency of the procedure were investigated by a four-factor central composite design (CCD). Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear within the range of 10-1000 ng L-1. The intra- and inter-day RSD% values of 2.6 and 4.7% were obtained at the concentration of 50.0 ng L-1, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 2.0 and 7.0 ng L-1, respectively. Moreover, compared to the other approaches, the proposed method presented better or comparable analytical performance and provided accurate, precise, and reliable results for trace analysis of Cr(VI) in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Seidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Alavi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Tehran, Iran
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Lee WH, Cheng TW, Ding YC, Lin KL, Tsao SW, Huang CP. Geopolymer technology for the solidification of simulated ion exchange resins with radionuclides. J Environ Manage 2019; 235:19-27. [PMID: 30669089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, geopolymer was applied to convert ion exchange resins contaminated with radionuclides into a solid waste form. Geopolymer has superior properties to enable the encapsulation of spent resins. The allowable limit of resin content in the converted waste form was analyzed to evaluate the solidification capability of geopolymer. The encapsulation of ion exchange resins into solid waste form was conducted using geopolymer prepared with ground granulated blast furnace slag and alkaline solution in an ambient atmosphere, with the addition of wollastonite powder to adjust its mechanical properties. The physical and mechanical properties of the converted solid wastes prepared using different resin content ratios and various SiO2/Na2O molar ratios were tested. The results indicate the wet ion exchange resin (the moisture content in the resin is 51%) content and the compressive strength of the solid resin waste were measured as 45 wt% and 8.5 MPa, respectively. The morphology and mineral phases of the formed solid wastes were characterized using SEM and EDS. The mechanical performance test results proved the formed solid wastes could comply with the fuel cycle and material administration standards ruled by the Atomic Energy Council of Taiwan. These results suggest that this blast furnace slag-based geopolymer is a promising matrix material for the solidification of radioactive wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Lee
- Institute of Mineral Resource Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ta-Wui Cheng
- Institute of Mineral Resource Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Chin Ding
- Institute of Mineral Resource Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kae-Long Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, Ilan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Wei Tsao
- Institute of Mineral Resource Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Ping Huang
- Engineering Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Lung-Tan, Taiwan, ROC
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