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Matsubara T, Suzuki K, Kawasaki A, Miyamoto M, Okamura M, Kanbayashi T, Takekawa H, Nakamura T, Watanabe Y, Matsubara M, Hirata K. Sudden onset of sleep caused by hypothalamic infarction: a case report. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:182. [PMID: 31375081 PMCID: PMC6676520 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothalamic lesions, such as tumors and demyelinating diseases, reportedly cause abnormal sleepiness. However, stroke involving the hypothalamus has rarely been described. Here, we report a patient with infarction restricted to the hypothalamus who presented with sudden onset of sleep. Case presentation A 42-year-old woman with a history of migraine without aura presented with irresistible sleepiness and developed several episodes of sudden onset of sleep. Neurological examinations were unremarkable except for partial left Horner syndrome. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a high-intensity lesion restricted to the left hypothalamus on diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI images. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin-A levels obtained on hospital day 3 after her sleepiness had resolved were normal (337 pg/mL; normal > 200 pg/mL). Serum anti-nuclear and anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies and CSF myelin basic protein and oligoclonal band were negative. A small hypothalamic infarction was suspected, and the patient was treated with intravenous edaravone and argatroban, as well as oral clopidogrel. Three months later, there had been no clinical relapse, and the hypothalamic lesion had almost disappeared on follow-up MRI. No new lesion suggestive of demyelinating disease or tumor was observed. Conclusion Hypothalamic stroke should be considered a cause of sudden onset of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kawasaki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyamoto
- Department of Clinical Medicine for Nursing, Dokkyo Medical University School of Nursing, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Madoka Okamura
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanbayashi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Takekawa
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.,Center of Medical Ultrasonics, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.,Stroke Center, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Amakusa Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
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