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Synthetic MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiating nasopharyngeal lymphoma from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: combination with morphological features. Br J Radiol 2024:tqae095. [PMID: 38733577 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqae095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the feasibility of synthetic MRI (syMRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and their combination with morphological features for differentiating nasopharyngeal lymphoma (NPL) from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS Sixty-nine patients with nasopharyngeal tumors (NPL, n = 22; NPC, n = 47) who underwent syMRI and DWI were retrospectively enrolled between October 2020 and May 2022. syMRI and DWI quantitative parameters (T1, T2, PD, ADC), and morphological features were obtained. Diagnostic performance was assessed by independent sample t-test, chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and DeLong test. RESULTS NPL has significantly lower T2, PD, and ADC values compared to NPC (all P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found in T1 value between these two entities (P > 0.05). The morphological features of tumor type, skull-base involvement, Waldeyer ring involvement, and lymph nodes involvement region were significantly different between NPL and NPC (all P < 0.05). The syMRI (T2+PD) model has better diagnostic efficacy, with AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.875, 77.27%, 89.36%, and 85.51%. Compared with syMRI model, syMRI+Morph (PD+Waldeyer ring involvement+lymph nodes involvement region), syMRI+DWI (T2+PD+ADC), and syMRI+DWI+Morph (PD+ADC+skull base involvement+Waldeyer ring involvement) models can further improve the diagnostic efficiency (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, syMRI+DWI+Morph model has excellent diagnostic performance, with AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.986, 95.47%, 97.87%, and 97.10%, respectively. CONCLUSION syMRI and DWI quantitative parameters were helpful in discriminating NPL from NPC. syMRI+DWI+Morph model has the excellent diagnostic efficiency in differentiating these two entities. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE syMRI+DWI+morphological feature method can differentiate NPL from NPC with excellent diagnostic performance.
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Real-Time Optimal Synthetic Inversion Recovery Image Selection (RT-OSIRIS) for Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting. JOURNAL OF IMAGING INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE 2024:10.1007/s10278-024-01117-7. [PMID: 38639807 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-024-01117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a method of electrical neuromodulation used to treat a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions including essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The procedure requires precise placement of electrodes such that the electrical contacts lie within or in close proximity to specific target nuclei and tracts located deep within the brain. DBS electrode trajectory planning has become increasingly dependent on direct targeting with the need for precise visualization of targets. MRI is the primary tool for direct visualization, and this has led to the development of numerous sequences to aid in visualization of different targets. Synthetic inversion recovery images, specified by an inversion time parameter, can be generated from T1 relaxation maps, and this represents a promising method for modifying the contrast of deep brain structures to accentuate target areas using a single acquisition. However, there is currently no accessible method for dynamically adjusting the inversion time parameter and observing the effects in real-time in order to choose the optimal value. In this work, we examine three different approaches to implementing an application for real-time optimal synthetic inversion recovery image selection and evaluate them based on their ability to display continually-updated synthetic inversion recovery images as the user modifies the inversion time parameter. These methods include continuously computing the inversion recovery equation at each voxel in the image volume, limiting the computation only to the voxels of the orthogonal slices currently displayed on screen, or using a series of lookup tables with precomputed solutions to the inversion recovery equation. We find the latter implementation provides for the quickest display updates both when modifying the inversion time and when scrolling through the image. We introduce a publicly available cross-platform application built around this conclusion. We also briefly discuss other details of the implementations and considerations for extensions to other use cases.
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Investigation of synthetic MRI with quantitative parameters for discriminating axillary lymph nodes status in invasive breast cancer. Eur J Radiol 2024; 175:111452. [PMID: 38604092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential value of quantitative parameters derived from synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (syMRI) for discriminating axillary lymph nodes metastasis (ALNM) in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 56 females with histopathologically proven invasive breast cancer who underwent both conventional breast MRI and additional syMRI examinations were enrolled in this study, including 30 patients with ALNM and 26 with non-ALNM. SyMRI has enabled quantification of T1 relaxation time (T1), T2 relaxation time (T2) and proton density (PD). The syMRI quantitative parameters of breast primary tumors before (T1tumor, T2tumor, PDtumor) and after (T1+tumor, T2+tumor, PD+tumor) contrast agent injection were obtained. Similarly, measurements were taken for axillary lymph nodes before (T1LN, T2LN, PDLN) and after (T1+LN, T2+LN, PD+LN) the injection, then theΔT1 (T1-T1+), ΔT2 (T2-T2+), ΔPD (PD-PD+), T1/T2 and T1+/T2+ were calculated. All parameters were compared between ANLM and non-ALNM group. Intraclass correlation coefficient for assessing interobserver agreement. The independent Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test to determine the relationship between the mean quantitative values and the ALNM. Multivariate logistic regression analyses followed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for discriminating ALN status. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The short-diameter of lymph nodes (DLN) in ALNM group was significantly longer than that in the non-ALNM group (10.22 ± 3.58 mm vs. 5.28 ± 1.39 mm, P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value was determined to be 5.78 mm, with an AUC of 0.894 (95 % CI: 0.838-0.939), a sensitivity of 86.7 %, and a specificity of 90.2 %. In syMRI quantitative parameters of breast tumors, T2tumor, ΔT2tumor and ΔPDtumor values showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). T2tumor value had the best performance in discriminating ALN status (AUC = 0.712), and the optimal cutoff was 90.12 ms, the sensitivity and specificity were 65.0 % and 83.6 % respectively. In terms of syMRI quantitative parameters of lymph nodes, T1LN, T2LN, T1LN/T2LN, T2+LN and ΔT1LN values were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05), and their AUCs were 0.785, 0.840, 0.886, 0.702 and 0.754, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that the T1LN value was the only independent predictor of ALNM (OR=1.426, 95 % CI: 1.130-1.798, P = 0.039). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of T1LN was 86.7 % and 69.4 % respectively at the best cutoff point of 1371.00 ms. The combination of T1LN, T2LN, T1LN/T2LN, ΔT1LN and DLN had better performance for differentiating ALNM and non-ALNM, with AUCs of 0.905, 0.957, 0.964 and 0.897, respectively. CONCLUSION The quantitative parameters derived from syMRI have certain value for discriminating ALN status in invasive breast cancer, with T2tumor showing the highest diagnostic efficiency among breast lesions parameters. Moreover, T1LN acted as an independent predictor of ALNM.
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Quantitative assessment of brown adipose tissue whitening in a high-fat-diet murine model using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27314. [PMID: 38509886 PMCID: PMC10950491 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the whitening process of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) and analyzed the correlation between SyMRI quantitative measurements of BAT and serum lipid profiles. Methods Fifteen C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups and fed different diets as follows: normal chow diet for 12 weeks, NCD group; high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, HFD-12w group; and HFD for 36 weeks, HFD-36w group. Mice were scanned using 3.0 T SyMRI. T1 and T2 values of BAT and interscapular BAT (iBAT) volume were measured. After sacrifice, the body weight of mice, lipid profiles, BAT morphology, and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) levels were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Bonferroni correction for pairwise comparisons. Bonferroni-adjusted significance level was set at P < 0.017 (alpha: 0.05/3 = 0.017). Results T2 values of BAT in the HFD-12w group were significantly higher than those in the NCD group (P < 0.001), and those in the HFD-36w group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (both P < 0.001). The iBAT volume in the HFD-36w group was significantly higher than that in the HFD-12w (P = 0.013) and NCD groups (P = 0.005). T2 values of BAT and iBAT volume were significantly correlated with serum lipid profiles and mouse body weight. Conclusions SyMRI can noninvasively evaluate the whitening process of BAT using T2 values and iBAT volume, thereby facilitating the visualization of the whitening process.
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Synthetic MRI and amide proton transfer-weighted MRI for differentiating between benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10696-6. [PMID: 38491129 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the value of the synthetic MRI (SyMRI), combined with amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI for quantitative and morphologic assessment of sinonasal lesions, which could provide relative scale for the quantitative assessment of tissue properties. METHODS A total of 80 patients (31 malignant and 49 benign) with sinonasal lesions, who underwent the SyMRI and APTw examination, were retrospectively analyzed. Quantitative parameters (T1, T2, proton density (PD)) and APT % were obtained through outlining the region of interest (ROI) and comparing the two groups utilizing independent Student t test or a Wilcoxon test. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), Delong test, and logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the diagnostic efficiency of one-parameter and multiparametric models. RESULTS SyMRI-derived mean T1, T2, and PD were significantly higher and APT % was relatively lower in benign compared to malignant sinonasal lesions (p < 0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the AUCs of the SyMRI-derived quantitative (T1, T2, PD) values and APT % ranged from 0.677 to 0.781 for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. The T2 values showed the best diagnostic performance among all single parameters for differentiating these two masses. The AUCs of combined SyMRI-derived multiple parameters with APT % (AUC = 0.866) were the highest than that of any single parameter, which was significantly improved (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of SyMRI and APTw imaging has the potential to reflect intrinsic tissue characteristics useful for differentiating benign from malignant sinonasal lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Combining synthetic MRI with amide proton transfer-weighted imaging could function as a quantitative and contrast-free approach, significantly enhancing the differentiation of benign and malignant sinonasal lesions and overcoming the limitations associated with the superficial nature of endoscopic nasal sampling. KEY POINTS • Synthetic MRI and amide proton transfer-weighted MRI could differentiate benign from malignant sinonasal lesions based on quantitative parameters. • The diagnostic efficiency could be significantly improved through synthetic MRI + amide proton transfer-weighted imaging. • The combination of synthetic MRI and amide proton transfer-weighted MRI is a noninvasive method to evaluate sinonasal lesions.
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Synthetic MRI quantitative parameters in discriminating stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and benign hyperplasia: Combination with morphological features. Eur J Radiol 2024; 170:111264. [PMID: 38103492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of synthetic MRI (syMRI) quantitative parameters and its combination with morphological features in discriminating stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (T1-NPC) and benign hyperplasia (BH). MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty-eight patients with nasopharyngeal lesions (T1-NPC, n = 54; BH, n = 34) were retrospectively enrolled between October 2020 and May 2022. The syMRI quantitative parameters of nasopharyngeal lesions (T1, T2, PD, T1SD, T2SD, PDSD) and longus capitis (T1, T2, PD) were measured, and T1ratio, T2ratio and PDratio were calculated (lesion/longus capitis). The morphological features (lesion pattern, retention cyst, serrated protrusion, middle ear effusion, tumor volume, and retropharyngeal lymph node) were compared. Statistical analyses were performed using the independent sample t test, Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and DeLong test. RESULTS The T1, T2, PD, T1SD, T1ratio, and T2ratio values of T1-NPC were significantly lower than those of BH. The morphological features (lesion pattern, retention cyst, retropharyngeal lymph node) were significant difference between these two entities. T2 value has the highest AUC in all syMRI quantitative parameters, followed by T1, T1ratio, PD, T2ratio and T1SD. Combined syMRI quantitative parameters (T2, PD, T1ratio) can further improve the diagnosis efficiency. Combined syMRI parameters and morphological feature (T2, PD, lesion pattern, retropharyngeal lymph node) has the excellent diagnostic efficiency, with AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.979, 96.30%, 97.06%, 96.77%. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic MRI was helpful in distinguishing T1-NPC from BH, and combined syMRI quantitative parameters and morphological features has the optimal diagnostic performance.
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Difference in quantitative MRI measurements of cartilage between Wiberg type III patella and stable patella based on a 3.0-T synthetic MRI sequence. Eur J Radiol Open 2023; 11:100526. [PMID: 37953964 PMCID: PMC10632675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between the quantitative MRI values of Wiberg type III and stable patellar cartilage, and to improve the accuracy of MRI quantification in early patellar cartilage damage. Methods The knee joints of 94 healthy volunteers were scanned by a GE Signa Pioneer 3.0-T synthetic MRI machine. According to the Wiberg classification, the patella was divided into types I-III. Types I-II made up the stable patella group, and type III made up the unstable patella group. Two radiologists independently measured patellar cartilage thickness and quantitative synthetic MRI values (T1, T2, PD) in both groups. Interobserver agreement for quantitative variables was assessed using the Bland-Altman method. A third radiologist assessed differences in measurements. Results The medial T2 and T1 value of Wiberg III patella did not show a normal distribution (all P > 0.05). Compared with the stable group, the Wiberg type III group had thinner cartilage of the medial surface of the patella (P < 0.05), lower cartilage T2 and PD values (P < 0.05), but a similar cartilage T1 value (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the cartilage thickness, T1, T2, or PD value of the lateral patella between the Wiberg type III and the stable group (P > 0.05). Conclusion There were certain differences in the cartilage thickness of the medial surface of the patella and the quantitative value of synthetic MRI in Wiberg type III patellas. Quantitative studies of patellar cartilage MRI measurements need to consider the influence of patellar morphology.
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Diagnostic performance of synthetic relaxometry for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants: a feasibility study. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:7340-7351. [PMID: 37522898 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the predictability of synthetic relaxometry for neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants and to evaluate whether a combination of relaxation times with clinical variables or qualitative MRI abnormalities improves the predictive performance. METHODS This retrospective study included 33 premature infants scanned with synthetic MRI near or at term equivalent age. Based on neurodevelopmental assessments at 18-24 months of corrected age, infants were classified into two groups (no/mild disability [n = 23] vs. moderate/severe disability [n = 10]). Clinical and MRI characteristics associated with moderate/severe disability were explored, and combined models incorporating independent predictors were established. Ultimately, the predictability of relaxation times, clinical variables, MRI findings, and a combination of the two were evaluated and compared. The models were internally validated using bootstrap resampling. RESULTS Prolonged T1-frontal/parietal and T2-parietal periventricular white matter (PVWM), moderate-to-severe white matter abnormality, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were significantly associated with moderate/severe disability. The overall predictive performance of each T1-frontal/-parietal PVWM model was comparable to that of individual MRI finding and clinical models (AUC = 0.71 and 0.76 vs. 0.73 vs. 0.83, respectively; p > 0.27). The combination of clinical variables and T1-parietal PVWM achieved an AUC of 0.94, sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 91.3%, outperforming the clinical model alone (p = 0.049). The combination of MRI finding and T1-frontal PVWM yielded AUC of 0.86, marginally outperforming the MRI finding model (p = 0.09). Bootstrap resampling showed that the models were valid. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to predict adverse outcomes in premature infants by using early synthetic relaxometry. Combining relaxation time with clinical variables or MRI finding improved prediction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Synthetic relaxometry performed during the neonatal period may serve as a biomarker for predicting adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants. KEY POINTS • Synthetic relaxometry based on T1 relaxation time of parietal periventricular white matter showed acceptable performance in predicting adverse outcome with an AUC of 0.76 and an accuracy of 78.8%. • The combination of relaxation time with clinical variables and/or structural MRI abnormalities improved predictive performance of adverse outcomes. • Synthetic relaxometry performed during the neonatal period helps predict adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in premature infants.
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Correlation between synthetic MRI relaxometry and apparent diffusion coefficient in breast cancer subtypes with different neoadjuvant therapy response. Insights Imaging 2023; 14:162. [PMID: 37775610 PMCID: PMC10541382 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the correlation between synthetic MRI (syMRI) relaxometry and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in different breast cancer subtypes and treatment response subgroups. METHODS Two hundred sixty-three neoadjuvant therapy (NAT)-treated breast cancer patients with baseline MRI were enrolled. Tumor annotations were obtained by drawing regions of interest (ROIs) along the lesion on T1/T2/PD and ADC maps respectively. Histogram features from T1/T2/PD and ADC maps were respectively calculated, and the correlation between each pair of identical features was analyzed. Meanwhile, features between different NAT treatment response groups were compared, and their discriminatory power was evaluated. RESULTS Among all patients, 20 out of 27 pairs of features weakly correlated (r = - 0.13-0.30). For triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), features from PD map in the pathological complete response (pCR) group (r = 0.60-0.86) showed higher correlation with ADC than that of the non-pCR group (r = 0.30-0.43), and the mean from the ADC and PD maps in the pCR group strongly correlated (r = 0.86). For HER2-positive, few correlations were found both in the pCR and non-pCR groups. For luminal HER2-negative, T2 map correlated more with ADC than T1 and PD maps. Significant differences were seen in T2 low percentiles and median in the luminal-HER2 negative subtype, yielding moderate AUCs (0.68/0.72/0.71). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between ADC and PD maps in TNBC may indicate different NAT responses. The no-to-weak correlation between the ADC and syMRI suggests their complementary roles in tumor microenvironment evaluation. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The relationship between ADC and PD maps in TNBC may indicate different NAT responses, and the no-to-weak correlation between the ADC and syMRI suggests their complementary roles in tumor microenvironment evaluation. KEY POINTS • The relationship between ADC and PD in TNBC indicates different NAT responses. • The no-to-weak correlations between ADC and syMRI complementarily evaluate tumor microenvironment. • T2 low percentiles and median predict NAT response in luminal-HER2-negative subtype.
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Quantitative synthetic MRI for predicting locally advanced rectal cancer response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:1737-1745. [PMID: 36380196 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the value of pre-treatment quantitative synthetic MRI (SyMRI) for predicting a good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS This prospective study enrolled 63 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer scheduled to undergo preoperative chemoradiotherapy from January 2019 to June 2021. T1 relaxation time (T1), T2 relaxation time (T2), proton density (PD) from synthetic MRI, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were measured. Independent-sample t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Delong test, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were used to predict the pathologic complete response (pCR) and T-downstaging. RESULTS Among the 63 patients, 19 (30%) achieved pCR and 44 (70%) did not, and 24 (38%) achieved T-downstaging, while 44 (62%) did not. The mean T1 and T2 values were significantly lower in the pCR group compared with those in the non-pCR group and in the T-downstage group compared with those in the non-T-downstage group (all p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the PD and ADC values between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the mean values of T1 and T2 for predicting pCR after CRT (AUC, 0.767 vs. 0.831, p = 0.37). There were no significant differences between the AUC values of T1 and T2 values for the assessment of post-CRT T-downstaging (AUC, 0.746 vs. 0.820, p = 0.506). CONCLUSIONS In patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, the synthetic MRI-derived T1 relaxation time and T2 relaxation time values are promising imaging markers for predicting a good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. KEY POINTS • Mean T1 and T2 values were significantly lower in the pathologic complete response group and the T-downstage group. • There were no significant differences in the proton density and apparent diffusion coefficient values between the two groups.
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Improved visualization of the subthalamic nucleus on synthetic MRI with optimized parameters: initial study. Acta Radiol 2023; 64:690-697. [PMID: 35171064 DOI: 10.1177/02841851221080010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) enables to reformat various images by adjusting the MR parameters. PURPOSE To investigate whether customization of the repetition time (TR), echo time (TE), and inversion time (TI) in SyMRI could improve the visualization of subthalamic nucleus (STN). MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined five healthy volunteers using both coronal SyMRI and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), seven patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using coronal SyMRI, and 15 patients with PD using coronal QSM. Two neuroradiologists reformatted SyMRI (optimized SyMRI) by adjusting TR, TE, and TI to achieve maximum tissue contrast between the STN and the adjacent brain parenchyma. The optimized MR parameters in the PD patients varied according to the individual. For regular SyMRI (T2-weighted imaging [T2WI] and STIR), optimized SyMRI, and QSM, qualitative visualization scores of the STN (STN score) were recorded. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the STN was also measured. RESULTS For the STN scores in both groups, the optimized SyMRI were significantly higher than the regular SyMRI (P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between optimized SyMRI and QSM. For the CNR of differentiation of the STN from the substantia nigra, the optimized SyMRI was higher than the regular SyMRI (volunteer: T2WI P = 0.10 and STIR P = 0.26; PD patient: T2WI P = 0.43 and STIR P = 0.25), but the optimized SyMRI was lower than the QSM (volunteer: P = 0.26; PD patient: P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS On SyMRI, optimization of MR parameters (TR, TE, and TI) on an individual basis may be useful to increase the conspicuity of the STN.
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Optimization of the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging for use in autopsy imaging of the brain region using synthetic MRI. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:661-674. [PMID: 36093648 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal suppression in postmortem fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) of the brain is a problem. OBJECTIVE The present study was to clarify the relationship between the temperature of deceased persons and CSF T1, and to optimize the postmortem brain FLAIR imaging method using synthetic MRI. METHODS Forehead temperature was measured in 15 deceased persons. Next, synthetic MRI of the brain was performed, the CSF T1 was measured, and the optimal TI was calculated. Two types of FLAIR images were obtained with the clinical and optimal TI. The relationship between forehead temperature and the CSF T1 and optimal TI was evaluated. The optimized FLAIR images were physically and visually evaluated. RESULTS The CSF T1 and optimal TI were strongly correlated with forehead temperature. Comparing the average SNR and CNR ratios and visual evaluation scores of the two FLAIR images, those captured with the optimal TI showed statistically lower SNR, higher CNR, and higher visual evaluation scores (p< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Synthetic MRI enables the quantification of the CSF T1 resulting from postmortem temperature decreases and calculation of the optimal TI, which could aid in improving the failure of CSF signal suppression and in optimizing postmortem brain FLAIR imaging.
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Synthetic double inversion recovery imaging in brain MRI: quantitative evaluation and feasibility of synthetic MRI and a comparison with conventional double inversion recovery and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. BMC Med Imaging 2022; 22:183. [PMID: 36303114 PMCID: PMC9615305 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-022-00877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Synthetic MR imaging (SyMRI) allows the reconstruction of various contrast images, including double inversion recovery (DIR), from a single scan. This study aimed to investigate the advantages of SyMRI by comparing synthetic DIR images with synthetic T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2W-FLAIR) and conventional DIR images. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed the imaging data of 100 consecutive patients who underwent brain MRI between December 2018 and March 2019. Synthetic DIR, T2W-FLAIR, T1-weighted, and phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) images were generated from SyMRI data. For synthetic DIR, the two inversion times required to suppress white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were manually determined by two radiologists. Quantitative analysis was performed by manually tracing the region of interest (ROI) at the sites of the lesion, white matter, and CSF. Synthetic DIR, synthetic T2W-FLAIR, and conventional DIR images were compared on the basis of using the gray matter-to-white matter, lesion-to-white matter, and lesion-to-CSF contrast-to-noise ratios. Results The two radiologists showed no differences in setting inversion time (TI) values, and their evaluations showed excellent interobserver agreement. The mean signal intensities obtained with synthetic DIR were significantly higher than those obtained with synthetic T2W-FLAIR and conventional DIR. Conclusion Synthetic DIR images showed a higher contrast than synthetic T2WFLAIR and conventional DIR images. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12880-022-00877-4.
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The effect of scan parameters on T1, T2 relaxation times measured with multi-dynamic multi-echo sequence: a phantom study. Phys Eng Sci Med 2022; 45:657-664. [PMID: 35553390 PMCID: PMC9239947 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-022-01128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multi-Dynamic Multi-Echo (MDME) Sequence is a new method which can acquire various contrast-weighted images using quantitative relaxometric parameters measured from multicontrast images. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of scan parameters of MDME Sequence on measured T1, T2 values of phantoms at 3.0 T MRI scanner. Gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid simulation phantoms with different relaxation times (named GM, WM, CSF, respectively) were used in our study. All the phantoms were scanned 9 times on different days using MDME sequence with variations of echo train length, matrix, and acceleration factor. The T1, T2 measurements were acquired after each acquisition. The repeatability was characterized as the intragroup coefficient of variation (CV) of measured values over 9 times, and the discrepancies of measurements across different groups were characterized as intergroup CVs. The highest intragroup CVs of T1-GM, T2-GM, T1-WM, T2-WM, T1-CSF, T2-SCF were 1.36%, 1.75%, 0.74%, 1.41%, 1.70%, 7.79%, respectively. The highest intergroup CVs of T1-GM, T2-GM, T1-WM, T2-WM, T1-CSF, T2-SCF were 0.54%, 1.86%, 1.70%, 0.94%, 1.00%, 2.17%, respectively. Quantitative T1, T2 measurements of gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid simulation phantoms derived from the MDME sequence were not obviously affected by variations of scanning parameters, such as echo train length, matrix, and acceleration factor on 3T scanner.
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[The value of synthetic MRI in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2021; 43:872-877. [PMID: 34407594 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20210322-00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (syMRI) quantitative parameters for benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods: From September 2018 to March 2019, a total of 43 cases of breast lesions which were confirmed by surgery and pathology in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent syMRI sequence scans before and after enhancement except for conventional T2WI, DWI, and enhancement scans. GE AW4.7 workstation was used to generate syMRI parameter maps (T1, T2, proton density mappings), and ITK-SNAP software was used to delineate the volume of interest. The T1, T2, PD values before and after dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) were obtained, and the change values of each parameter were calculated. Meanwhile, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and time intensity curve (TIC) of the lesions were measured. The differences of each parameter value were compared between benign and malignant breast lesions, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic performance of each parameter. Results: Among the 43 enrolled cases, 13 were benign and 30 were malignant. Among the syMRI parameters, the pre-enhancement parameters including T1pre (median 1 663.07 ms), T2pre (median 103.33 ms), post-enhancement parameters ΔT1 (median 1 022.68 ms) and ΔT2 (median 27.67 ms) of benign group, significantly higher than those of the malignant group (the medians were 1 141.74, 92.53, 664.95, and 16.19 ms, respectively, P<0.05). The ADC value of the benign group (median 1.66×10(-3)mm(2)/s) was significantly higher than that of the malignant group (median 1.00×10(-3)mm(2)/s, P<0.05). The benign group included 6 cases of TIC curve type Ⅰ, 5 cases of type Ⅱ, and 2 cases of type Ⅲ. The malignant group included 2 cases of TIC curve type Ⅰ, 17 cases of type Ⅱ, and 11 cases of type Ⅲ. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of T1pre before DCE was 0.869, higher than 0.806 of ADC and 0.697 of TIC. When the best cut-off value of 1 282.94 ms was chosen, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis were 76.9% and 93.3%, respectively. The combination of T1pre and T2pre can further improve the diagnostic performance (AUC=0.908). Conclusions: Among the syMRI quantitative parameters, T1pre, T2pre, ΔT1 and ΔT2 have good value for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. T1pre has the best diagnostic performance, and the combination of T1pre and T2pre can further improve the diagnostic performance.
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Multiple sclerosis plaques may undergo continuous myelin degradation: a cross-sectional study with myelin and axon-related quantitative magnetic resonance imaging metrics. Neuroradiology 2021; 64:465-471. [PMID: 34383123 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesize that myelin is more susceptible to damage over time than axons. We investigated the association between the estimated duration from the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques and myelin- and axon-related quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) metrics. METHODS We analyzed 31 patients with MS with 73 newly appeared plaques. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the estimated duration from the onset of plaques and quantitative MRI metrics. These metrics included the myelin volume fraction (MVF), axon volume fraction, and g-ratio in plaque and normal-appearing white matter. RESULTS MS plaques with a longer estimated duration from onset were significantly correlated with a lower MVF (slope = - 0.0070, R2 = 0.0970), higher g-ratio (slope = 0.0078, R2 = 0.0842) (all P values < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggested that myelin in plaques undergoes continuous damage, more so than axons. Myelin imaging with SyMRI and NODDI may be useful for the quantitative assessment of temporal changes in MS plaques.
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T2 relaxation time shortening in the cochlea of patients with sudden sensory neuronal hearing loss: a retrospective study using quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:6438-6445. [PMID: 33609144 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High cochlear signal intensity on three-dimensional (3D) T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) has been reported. Here, we evaluated the cochlear T2 relaxation time differences in patients with idiopathic SSNHL using quantitative synthetic MRI (SyMRI). METHODS Twenty-four patients with unilateral SSNHL who underwent precontrast conventional 3D FLAIR and SyMRI were retrospectively included. T1 and T2 relaxation times and the proton density (PD) of the bilateral ears were measured by manually drawn regions of interest. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and intra- and interobserver correlation analyses were performed. Qualitative analysis was also performed to determine the presence and laterality of the asymmetric high signal intensity on synthetic FLAIR (SyFLAIR) images. RESULTS The T2 relaxation time was significantly lower in the affected (basal and apico-middle turns) than in the unaffected cochlea (basal turn: 519 ± 181.3 vs. 608.8 ± 203.6, p = 0.042; apico-middle turn: 410.8 ± 163.8 vs. 514.5 ± 186.3, p = 0.037). There were no significant differences in the T1 relaxation time and PD between the affected and unaffected ears (p > 0.05). Additionally, three patients without asymmetric signal intensity on conventional MRI showed asymmetric increased signal intensity in the affected ear on SyFLAIR. CONCLUSIONS The T2 relaxation time was significantly shorter in the affected than in the unaffected cochlea of patients with idiopathic SSNHL. The SyMRI-derived T2 relaxation time may be a promising imaging marker, suggesting that the changes in inner ear fluid composition are implicated in the idiopathic SSNHL development. KEY POINTS • T2 relaxation time was significantly lower in the affected than in the unaffected cochlea. • SyFLAIR showed increased lesion conspicuity compared to conventional 3D-FLAIR in detecting asymmetric high signal intensity of the affected side. • SyMRI-derived T2 relaxation time may be a promising imaging marker of the affected ear in patients with idiopathic SSNHL.
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Synthetic MRI of the lumbar spine at 3.0 T: feasibility and image quality comparison with conventional MRI. Acta Radiol 2020; 61:461-470. [PMID: 31522520 DOI: 10.1177/0284185119871670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can generate multiple morphologic MR images as well as quantitative maps from a single sequence, is not widely used in the spine at 3.0 T. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of synthetic MRI of the lumbar spine in clinical practice at 3.0 T. Material and Methods Eighty-four patients with lumbar diseases underwent conventional T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) images, and synthetic MRI of the lumbar spine at 3.0 T. The quantitative and qualitative image quality and agreement for detection of spinal lesions between conventional and synthetic MRI were compared by two radiologists. Results The signal-to-noise ratios of synthetic MRI showed an inferior image quality in the vertebrae and disc, whereas were higher for spinal canal and fat on the synthetic T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and STIR images. The contrast-to-noise ratios of the synthetic MRI was superior to conventional sequences, except for the vertebrae–disc contrast-to-noise ratio on T1-weighted imaging ( P = 0.005). Image quality assessments showed that synthetic MRI had greater STIR fat suppression ( P < 0.001) and fluid brightness ( P = 0.014), as well as higher degree of artifacts ( P < 0.001) and worse spatial resolution ( P = 0.002). The inter-method agreements for detection of spinal lesions were substantial to perfect (kappa, 0.614–0.925). Conclusion Synthetic MRI is a feasible method for lumbar spine imaging in a clinical setting at 3.0-T MR. It provides morphologic sequences with acceptable image quality, good agreement with conventional MRI for detection of spinal lesions and quantitative image maps with a slightly shorter acquisition time compared with conventional MRI.
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Comparison between synthetic and conventional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis and controls. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 33:549-557. [PMID: 31782035 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) allows to obtain different weighted-images using the multiple-dynamic multiple-echo sequence lasting 6 min. The aim is to compare quantitatively and qualitatively synthetic- and conventional MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls assessing the contrast (C), the signal to noise ratio (SNR), and the contrast to noise ratio (CNR). We evaluated the lesion count and lesion-to-white matter contrast ([Formula: see text] in the MS patients. METHODS AND METHODS 51 patients underwent synthetic- and conventional MRI. Qualitative analysis was evaluated by assigning scores to all synthetic- and conventional MRI sequences by two neuroradiologists. Lesions were counted in MS patients both in the conventional- and synthetic T2-FLAIR. Regions of interest were placed in the cerebrospinal fluid, in the white- and grey matter. For the sequences were evaluated: C, CNR, and SNR. RESULTS Synthetic T2-FLAIR images are qualitatively inferior. C and CNR were significantly higher in synthetic T1W and T2W images compared to conventional images, but not for T2-FLAIR. The SNR value was always lower in synthetic images than in conventional ones. CONCLUSIONS SyMRI can be used in clinical practice because it has a similar diagnostic accuracy which reduces the scanning time compared to the conventional one. However, synthetic T2-FLAIR images need to be improved.
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Myelin loss in white matter hyperintensities and normal-appearing white matter of cognitively impaired patients: a quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:4914-4921. [PMID: 30488109 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are implicated in the etiology of dementia. The underlying pathology of WMHs involves myelin and axonal loss due to chronic ischemia. We investigated myelin loss in WMHs and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients with various degrees of cognitive impairment using quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We studied 99 consecutive patients with cognitive complaints who underwent 3 T brain MRI between July 2016 and August 2017. Myelin partial volume maps were generated with synthetic MRI. Region-of-interest-based analysis was performed on these maps to compare the myelin partial volumes of NAWM and periventricular and deep WMHs. The effects of myelin partial volume of NAWMs on clinical cognitive function were evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS WMHs were present in 30.3% of patients. Myelin partial volume in NAWM was lower in patients with WMHs than in those without (37.5 ± 2.7% vs. 39.9 ± 2.4%, p < 0.001). In patients with WMHs, myelin partial volume was highest in NAWMs (median [interquartile range], 37.2% [35.5-39.0%]), followed by deep WMHs (7.2% [3.2-10.5%]) and periventricular WMHs (2.1% [1.1-3.9%], p < 0.001). After adjusting for sex and education years, myelin partial volume in NAWMs was associated with the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Box (β = -0.189 [95% CI, -0.380 to -0.012], p = 0.031). CONCLUSION Myelin loss occurs in both NAWM and WMHs of cognitively impaired patients. Synthetic MRI-based myelin quantification may be a useful imaging marker of cognitive dysfunction in patients with cognitive complaints. KEY POINTS • Quantitative synthetic MRI allows simultaneous acquisition of conventional MRI and myelin quantification without additional scanning time. • Normal-appearing and hyperintense white matter demonstrate myelin loss in cognitively impaired patients. • This myelin loss partially explains cognitive dysfunction in patients with cognitive complaints.
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Brain imaging with synthetic MR in children: clinical quality assessment. Neuroradiology 2016; 58:1017-1026. [PMID: 27438803 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-016-1723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging is a quantitative imaging technique that measures inherent T1-relaxation, T2-relaxation, and proton density. These inherent tissue properties allow synthesis of various imaging sequences from a single acquisition. Clinical use of synthetic MR imaging has been described in adult populations. However, use of synthetic MR imaging has not been previously reported in children. The purpose of this study is to report our assessment of diagnostic image quality using synthetic MR imaging in children. METHODS Synthetic MR acquisition was obtained in a sample of children undergoing brain MR imaging. Image quality assessments were performed on conventional and synthetic T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR images. Standardized linear measurements were performed on conventional and synthetic T2 images. Estimates of patient age based upon myelination patterns were also performed. RESULTS Conventional and synthetic MR images were evaluated on 30 children. Using a 4-point assessment scale, conventional imaging performed better than synthetic imaging for T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR images. When the assessment was simplified to a dichotomized scale, the conventional and synthetic T1-weighted and T2-weighted images performed similarly. However, the superiority of conventional FLAIR images persisted in the dichotomized assessment. There were no statistically significant differences between linear measurements made on T2-weighted images. Estimates of patient age based upon pattern of myelination were also similar between conventional and synthetic techniques. CONCLUSION Synthetic MR imaging may be acceptable for clinical use in children. However, users should be aware of current limitations that could impact clinical utility in the software version used in this study.
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