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Hong YK, Lin YC, Cheng TL, Lai CH, Chang YH, Huang YL, Hung CY, Wu CH, Hung KS, Ku YC, Ho YT, Tang MJ, Lin SW, Shi GY, McGrath JA, Wu HL, Hsu CK. TEM1/endosialin/CD248 promotes pathologic scarring and TGF-β activity through its receptor stability in dermal fibroblasts. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:12. [PMID: 38254097 PMCID: PMC10804696 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathologic scars, including keloids and hypertrophic scars, represent a common form of exaggerated cutaneous scarring that is difficult to prevent or treat effectively. Additionally, the pathobiology of pathologic scars remains poorly understood. We aim at investigating the impact of TEM1 (also known as endosialin or CD248), which is a glycosylated type I transmembrane protein, on development of pathologic scars. METHODS To investigate the expression of TEM1, we utilized immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques. We conducted in vitro cell culture experiments and an in vivo stretch-induced scar mouse model to study the involvement of TEM1 in TGF-β-mediated responses in pathologic scars. RESULTS The levels of the protein TEM1 are elevated in both hypertrophic scars and keloids in comparison to normal skin. A re-analysis of scRNA-seq datasets reveals that a major profibrotic subpopulation of keloid and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts greatly expresses TEM1, with expression increasing during fibroblast activation. TEM1 promotes activation, proliferation, and ECM production in human dermal fibroblasts by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling through binding with and stabilizing TGF-β receptors. Global deletion of Tem1 markedly reduces the amount of ECM synthesis and inflammation in a scar in a mouse model of stretch-induced pathologic scarring. The intralesional administration of ontuxizumab, a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody targeting TEM1, significantly decreased both the size and collagen density of keloids. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that TEM1 plays a role in pathologic scarring, with its synergistic effect on the TGF-β signaling contributing to dermal fibroblast activation. Targeting TEM1 may represent a novel therapeutic approach in reducing the morbidity of pathologic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Han Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Chang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Han Wu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shu Hung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Ku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Ho
- Department of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Guo Y, Hu J, Wang Y, Peng X, Min J, Wang J, Matthaiou E, Cheng Y, Sun K, Tong X, Fan Y, Zhang PJ, Kandalaft LE, Irving M, Coukos G, Li C. Tumour endothelial marker 1/endosialin-mediated targeting of human sarcoma. Eur J Cancer 2018; 90:111-121. [PMID: 29304474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/endosialin/CD248) is a tumour-restricted cell-surface protein expressed by human sarcomas. We previously developed a high-affinity human single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-Fc fusion protein (78Fc) against TEM1 and demonstrated its specific binding to human and mouse TEM1. PATIENT AND METHODS Clinical sarcoma specimens were collected between 2000 and 2015 at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, as approved by the institutional review board and processed by standard formalin-fixed paraffin embedded techniques. We analysed TEM1 expression in 19 human sarcoma subtypes (n = 203 specimens) and eight human sarcoma-cell lines. Near-infrared (NIR) imaging of tumour-bearing mice was used to validate 78Fc binding to TEM1+ sarcoma in vivo. Finally, we tested an immunotoxin conjugate of anti-TEM1 78Fc with saporin (78Fc-Sap) for its therapeutic efficacy against human sarcoma in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS TEM1 expression was identified by immunohistochemistry in 96% of human sarcomas, of which 81% expressed TEM1 both on tumour cells and the tumour vasculature. NIR imaging revealed specific in vivo targeting of labelled 78Fc to TEM1+ sarcoma xenografts. Importantly, 78Fc-Sap was effective in killing in vitro TEM1+ sarcoma cells and eliminated human sarcoma xenografts without apparent toxicity in vivo. CONCLUSION TEM1 is an important therapeutic target for human sarcoma, and the high-affinity TEM1-specific scFv fusion protein 78Fc is suitable for further clinical development for therapeutic applications in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guo
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Hu
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - X Peng
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Min
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Wang
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - E Matthaiou
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Cheng
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - K Sun
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital, Peking University, PR China; Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - X Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, PR China
| | - Y Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - P J Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - L E Kandalaft
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1007-CH, Switzerland
| | - M Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1007-CH, Switzerland
| | - G Coukos
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1007-CH, Switzerland.
| | - C Li
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
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