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Abstract
Thermotogales are rod-shaped, Gram-negative, anaerobic, (hyper) thermophiles distinguished by an outer sheath-like toga, which comprises an outer membrane (OM) and an amorphous layer (AL). Thermosipho globiformans bacteria can transform into spheroids with multiple cells concurrently with AL disintegration during early growth; the cell is defined as the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) plus the entity surrounded by the CM. Spheroids eventually produce rapidly moving periplasmic ‘progenies’ through an unknown mechanism. Here, we used high-temperature microscopy (HTM) to directly observe spheroid generation and growth. Rod OMs abruptly inflated to form ~2 μm-diameter balloons. Concurrently, multiple globular cells emerged in the balloons, suggesting their translocation and transformation from the rod state. During spheroid growth, the cells elongated and acquired a large dish shape by possible fusion. Spheroids with dish-shaped cells further enlarged to ~12 μm in diameter. HTM and epifluorescence-microscopy results collectively indicated that the nucleoids of dish-shaped cells transformed to form a ring shape, which then distorted to form a lip shape as the spheroid enlarged. HTM showed that ‘progenies’ were produced in the spheroid periplasm. Transmission electron microscopy results suggested that the ‘progenies’ represented immature progenies lacking togas, which were acquired subsequently.
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Jiang L, L'Haridon S, Jebbar M, Xu H, Alain K, Shao Z. Complete genome sequence and whole-genome phylogeny of Kosmotoga pacifica type strain SLHLJ1 T from an East Pacific hydrothermal sediment. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:3. [PMID: 28074121 PMCID: PMC5217533 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-016-0214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Kosmotoga pacifica strain SLHLJ1T is a thermophilic chemoorganoheterotrophic bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal sediment. It belongs to the physiologically homogeneous Thermotogaceae family. Here, we describe the phenotypic features of K. pacifica together with its genome sequence and annotation. The chromosome has 2,169,170 bp, organized in one contig. A total of 1897 candidate protein-encoding genes and 177 RNA genes were identified. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain is distantly related to sequences of some relatives classified in the same genus (K. olearia 7.02% and K. shengliensis 7.83%), with dissimilarity percentages close to the threshold generally described for genus delineation. Nevertheless, the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), which is much higher than 50% (around 70%), together with phenotypic features of the isolates, confirm the affiliation all Kosmotoga species described so far to the same genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005 China ; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005 China ; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Stéphane L'Haridon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), rue Dumont d'Urville, 29 280 Plouzané, France ; CNRS, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), rue Dumont d'Urville, 29 280 Plouzané, France ; Ifremer, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP70, 29 280 Plouzané, France
| | - Mohamed Jebbar
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), rue Dumont d'Urville, 29 280 Plouzané, France ; CNRS, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), rue Dumont d'Urville, 29 280 Plouzané, France ; Ifremer, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP70, 29 280 Plouzané, France
| | - Hongxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005 China ; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005 China ; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Karine Alain
- CNRS, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), rue Dumont d'Urville, 29 280 Plouzané, France ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), rue Dumont d'Urville, 29 280 Plouzané, France ; Ifremer, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP70, 29 280 Plouzané, France
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005 China ; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005 China ; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361005 China
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Ben Hania W, Fadhlaoui K, Brochier-Armanet C, Persillon C, Postec A, Hamdi M, Dolla A, Ollivier B, Fardeau ML, Le Mer J, Erauso G. Draft genome sequence of Mesotoga strain PhosAC3, a mesophilic member of the bacterial order Thermotogales, isolated from a digestor treating phosphogypsum in Tunisia. Stand Genomic Sci 2015; 10:12. [PMID: 26464750 PMCID: PMC4603820 DOI: 10.1186/1944-3277-10-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesotoga strain PhosAc3 was the first mesophilic cultivated member of the order Thermotogales. This genus currently contain two described species, M. prima and M. infera. Strain PhosAc3, isolated from a Tunisian digestor treating phosphogypsum, is phylogenetically closely related to M. prima strain MesG1.Ag.4.2(T). Strain PhosAc3 has a genome of 3.1 Mb with a G+C content of 45.2%. It contains 3,051 protein-coding genes of which 74.6% have their best reciprocal BLAST hit in the genome of the type species, strain MesG1.Ag.4.2(T). For this reason we propose to assign strain PhosAc3 as a novel ecotype of the Mesotoga prima species. However, in contrast with the M. prima type strain, (i) it does not ferment sugars but uses them only in the presence of elemental sulfur as terminal electron acceptor, (ii) it produces only acetate and CO2 from sugars, whereas strain MesG1.Ag.4.2(T) produces acetate, butyrate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, 2-methyl-butyrate and (iii) sulfides are also end products of the elemental sulfur reduction in theses growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajdi Ben Hania
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, F-13288 Marseille, cedex 09, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Faculté des Sciences de Carthage, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, Tunis, 1080 Tunisia
| | - Khaled Fadhlaoui
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, F-13288 Marseille, cedex 09, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Faculté des Sciences de Carthage, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, Tunis, 1080 Tunisia
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
| | | | - Anne Postec
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, F-13288 Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Faculté des Sciences de Carthage, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, Tunis, 1080 Tunisia
| | - Alain Dolla
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, F-13009 France
| | - Bernard Ollivier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, F-13288 Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - Marie-Laure Fardeau
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, F-13288 Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - Jean Le Mer
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, F-13288 Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - Gaël Erauso
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, F-13288 Marseille, cedex 09, France
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Eram MS, Sarafuddin B, Gong F, Ma K. Characterization of acetohydroxyacid synthase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:89-97. [PMID: 29124191 PMCID: PMC5668897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is the key enzyme in branched chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway. The enzyme activity and properties of a highly thermostable AHAS from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima is being reported. The catalytic and regulatory subunits of AHAS from T. maritima were over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant subunits were purified using a simplified procedure including a heat-treatment step followed by chromatography. A discontinuous colorimetric assay method was optimized and used to determine the kinetic parameters. AHAS activity was determined to be present in several Thermotogales including T. maritima. The catalytic subunit of T. maritima AHAS was purified approximately 30-fold, with an AHAS activity of approximately 160±27 U/mg and native molecular mass of 156±6 kDa. The regulatory subunit was purified to homogeneity and showed no catalytic activity as expected. The optimum pH and temperature for AHAS activity were 7.0 and 85 °C, respectively. The apparent Km and Vmax for pyruvate were 16.4±2 mM and 246±7 U/mg, respectively. Reconstitution of the catalytic and regulatory subunits led to increased AHAS activity. This is the first report on characterization of an isoleucine, leucine, and valine operon (ilv operon) enzyme from a hyperthermophilic microorganism and may contribute to our understanding of the physiological pathways in Thermotogales. The enzyme represents the most active and thermostable AHAS reported so far. First report of AHAS from a hyperthermophilic bacterium. Catalytic and regulatory subunits of AHAS of T. maritima was expressed in E. coli. Recombinant proteins were purified using a simplified procedure. Enzyme represents the most active and thermostable AHAS reported so far. Kinetic parameters were determined for the purified recombinant enzyme
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Key Words
- AHAS, acetohydroxyacid synthase
- Acetohydroxyacid synthase
- BCAA, branched chain amino acid
- Branched-chain amino acids
- CCE, crude cell extract
- CFE, cell-free extract
- HTCCE, heat-treated crude cell extract
- Hyperthermophiles
- IB, inclusion body
- IMAC, immobilized metal affinity chromatography
- TPP, thiamine pyrophosphate
- Thermotogales
- TmAHAS, Thermotoga maritima acetohydroxyacid synthase
- ilv, isoleucine, leucine, valine
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Eram
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benozir Sarafuddin
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Gong
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kesen Ma
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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