Patterned Interference Radiation Force for Transcranial Neuromodulation.
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022;
48:497-511. [PMID:
34955292 DOI:
10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.11.006]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional method of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation using a single transducer or a focused beam, the compression and tensile forces are generated from the high-pressure gradient of a standing wave that can generate increased stimulation. We experimentally verified a neuromodulation system using patterned interference radiation force (PIRF) and propose a method for obtaining the magnitude of the radiation force, which is considered the main factor influencing ultrasound neuromodulation. The radiation forces generated using a single focused transducer and a standing wave created via two focused transducers were compared using simulations. Radiation force was calculated based on the relationship between the acoustic pressure, radiation force and time-averaged second-order pressure obtained using an acoustic streaming simulation. The presence of the radiation force was verified by measuring the time-averaged second-order pressure generated due to the radiation force, by using a glass tube.
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