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Sobierajska P, Serwotka-Suszczak A, Targonska S, Szymanski D, Marycz K, Wiglusz RJ. Synergistic Effect of Toceranib and Nanohydroxyapatite as a Drug Delivery Platform-Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Studies on Mastocytoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041944. [PMID: 35216060 PMCID: PMC8875076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A new combination of Toceranib (Toc; 5-[(5Z)-(5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-N-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide) with nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) was proposed as an antineoplastic drug delivery system. Its physicochemical properties were determined as crystallinity, grain size, morphology, zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter as well as Toceranib release. The crystalline nanorods of nHAp were synthesised by the co-precipitation method, while the amorphous Toceranib was obtained by its conversion from the crystalline form during nHAp–Toc preparation. The surface interaction between both compounds was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The nHAp–Toc showed a slower and prolonged release of Toceranib. The release behaviour was affected by hydrodynamic size, surface interaction and the medium used (pH). The effectiveness of the proposed platform was tested by comparing the cytotoxicity of the drug combined with nHAp against the drug itself. The compounds were tested on NI-1 mastocytoma cells using the Alamar blue colorimetric technique. The obtained results suggest that the proposed platform shows high efficiency (the calculated IC50 is 4.29 nM), while maintaining the specificity of the drug alone. Performed analyses confirmed that nanohydroxyapatite is a prospective drug carrier and, when Toceranib-loaded, may be an idea worth developing with further research into therapeutic application in the treatment of canine mast cell tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sobierajska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Anna Serwotka-Suszczak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (K.M.)
| | - Sara Targonska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Damian Szymanski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (K.M.)
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (R.J.W.)
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Alonso-Miguel D, García-San José P, González Sanz S, Clarés Moral I, Pérez-Alenza MD. Evaluation of palliative therapy, alone or in combination with toceranib phosphate, in dogs diagnosed with metastatic or recurrent beta-cell neoplasia. N Z Vet J 2021; 69:234-239. [PMID: 33944682 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2021.1905569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare survival in dogs with recurrent or metastatic insulinomas that were treated with palliative therapy, alone or in combination with toceranib phosphate and to assess tolerability of the combined therapy in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs diagnosed with insulinoma were retrospectively identified in the records of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Complutense (Madrid, Spain). Diagnosis of insulinoma was based on clinical signs of hypoglycaemia, concentrations in serum of glucose <3.3 mmol/L and insulin >10 μIU/mL and presence of a pancreatic mass on diagnostic imaging. Dogs were treated surgically or medically, according to clinical stage established by imaging techniques, and monitored with blood and urine analyses monthly and abdominal ultrasonography every 3 months until death. Dogs that presented with metastatic disease at diagnosis or with recurrent hypoglycaemia after surgery were treated, according to the owner's decision, with one of two treatment protocols: palliative therapy alone (control group, n=7: diet, prednisone, famotidine or omeprazole, ±octreotide) or palliative therapy in combination with toceranib (treatment group, n=5; median dose of toceranib 2.52 mg/kg). Overall survival time (OST) and adverse events were compared between the two treatment groups. RESULTS The OST was longer in the treatment group (median 399, min 125, max 476 days) compared to the control group (median 67, min 23, max 387 days; p=0.042). Dogs in the treatment group had a higher incidence of grade 1-2 gastrointestinal toxicity (diarrhoea) than dogs in the control group (p=0.010). In all cases, gastrointestinal toxicity was solved by temporarily discontinuing toceranib. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of toceranib combined with palliative treatment in dogs with suspect metastatic or recurrent insulinomas increased survival time and was adequate tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alonso-Miguel
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P García-San José
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S González Sanz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Clarés Moral
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Pérez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Tani H, Miyamoto R, Noguchi S, Kurita S, Nagashima T, Michishita M, Yayoshi N, Tamura K, Bonkobara M. A canine case of malignant melanoma carrying a KIT c.1725_1733del mutation treated with toceranib: a case report and in vitro analysis. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:147. [PMID: 33827546 PMCID: PMC8028755 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine malignant melanoma is highly aggressive and generally chemoresistant. Toceranib is a kinase inhibitor drug that inhibits several tyrosine kinases including the proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase KIT. Although canine malignant melanoma cells often express KIT, a therapeutic effect for toceranib has yet to be reported for this tumor, with only a small number of patients studied to date. This is a case report of a dog with malignant melanoma that experienced a transient response to toceranib. Furthermore, the KIT expressed in the tumor of this case was examined using molecular analysis. Case presentation A Shiba Inu dog presented with a gingival malignant melanoma extending into surrounding structures with metastasis to a submandibular lymph node. The dog was treated with toceranib (Palladia®; 2.6–2.9 mg/kg, orally, every other day) alone. Improvement of tumor-associated clinical signs (e.g., halitosis, tumor hemorrhage, trismus, and facial edema) with reduced size of the metastatic lymph node was observed on Day 15. The gingival tumor and associated masses in the masseter and pterygoid muscles decreased in size by Day 29 of treatment. Toceranib treatment was terminated on Day 43 due to disease progression and the dog died on Day 54. The tumor of this dog had a novel deletion mutation c.1725_1733del within KIT and the mutation caused ligand-independent phosphorylation of KIT, which was suppressed by toceranib. This mutation was considered to be an oncogenic driver mutation in the tumor of this dog, thereby explaining the anti-tumor activity of toceranib. Conclusions This is the first report that presents a canine case of malignant melanoma that responded to toceranib therapy. KIT encoded by KIT harboring a mutation c.1725_1733del is a potential therapeutic target for toceranib in canine malignant melanoma. Further investigation of the KIT mutation status and toceranib therapy in canine malignant melanoma will need to be undertaken. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02864-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tani
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyamoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syunya Noguchi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sena Kurita
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Nagashima
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.,Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Yayoshi
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Tamura
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Bonkobara
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Musser ML, Taikowski KL, Johannes CM, Bergman PJ. Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) use in the treatment of inoperable, metastatic, or recurrent canine pheochromocytomas: 5 dogs (2014-2017). BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:272. [PMID: 30176869 PMCID: PMC6122699 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatment options for inoperable, metastatic, or recurrent canine pheochromocytomas are lacking. In humans, specific germline mutations exist that drive the development of pheochromocytomas. Pharmaceutical blockade of these abnormalities with small molecule inhibitors are an effective treatment strategy. Similar mutations may exist in the dog, and thus, treatment with similar small molecule inhibitors may provide a survival advantage. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of toceranib phosphate in the treatment of inoperable, metastatic, or recurrent canine pheochromocytomas. RESULTS Retrospectively, medical records of dogs that had a diagnosis or suspect diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma were reviewed for information regarding response to toceranib phosphate and overall outcome. Five dogs were identified that fit the inclusion criteria. All five experienced clinical benefit (1 partial response, 4 stable disease). Progression-free interval (PFI) for the dog with the partial response was 61 weeks. PFI for the two dogs with stable measurable disease were 36 weeks and 28 weeks. PFI in the two dogs with stable metastatic disease were at least 11 weeks and 18 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Based on this limited series of dogs, the results suggest that toceranib may have biological activity in dogs with primary and metastatic pheochromocytomas. Larger studies are needed to define the use and response to toceranib in dogs with gross, microscopic, and metastatic pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L. Musser
- VCA Veterinary Referral and Emergency Center, Norwalk, CT USA
- Present address: Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA USA
| | - Kathryn L. Taikowski
- VCA Veterinary Referral and Emergency Center, Norwalk, CT USA
- Present address: Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Chad M. Johannes
- Present address: Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA USA
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Leong ZP, Hikasa Y. Effects of toceranib compared with sorafenib on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and cardiopulmonary remodeling in rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 110:31-41. [PMID: 30071297 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib reverses pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and cardiopulmonary remodeling (CPR), but the effects of toceranib are unknown. This study investigated anti-remodeling effects and determined optimal doses of toceranib and sorafenib on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH and CPR in rats. MCT-treated rats were orally treated with a 14-day course of sorafenib (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg), toceranib (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg), or water. Both sorafenib and toceranib significantly reversed the right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy at 10 mg/kg, but only sorafenib significantly improved the RV systolic and mean pressures. Sorafenib significantly normalized the B-type natriuretic peptide mRNA level of the RV and increased the non-muscularized pulmonary artery percentage. However, these effects were only observed at the highest toceranib dose, and neither toceranib dose reduced the fully muscularized pulmonary artery percentage. Further, the inhibition on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling was stronger in sorafenib than in toceranib. Besides the stronger inhibition on mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, the greater reversal ability of sorafenib may be also due to the simultaneous blockade on the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 and autophagy induction. Toceranib insignificantly reversed CPR, and a high-dose therapy did not improve the RV hemodynamic outcomes. Sorafenib significantly reversed CPR, and a low-dose sorafenib therapy may be a suitable therapeutic agent for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ping Leong
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hikasa
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
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Rippy SB, Gardner HL, Nguyen SM, Warry EE, Portela RA, Drost WT, Hostnik ET, Green EM, Chew DJ, Peng J, London CA. A pilot study of toceranib/vinblastine therapy for canine transitional cell carcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:257. [PMID: 27855679 PMCID: PMC5114733 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective therapies for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) are limited, with objective response rates to most chemotherapeutic regimens below 20%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biologic activity of combined toceranib phosphate and vinblastine chemotherapy for treatment of TCC. A secondary objective was to compare the utility of Computed Tomography (CT) and abdominal ultrasound (AUS) in tumor response assessments. Results Dogs with TCC received vinblastine at 1.6 mg/m2 every 2 weeks and toceranib at 2.5–2.75 mg/kg on Monday/Wednesday/Friday. Tumor monitoring was achieved through CT and AUS. Five patients completed the 16-week study. Based on AUS assessments, 3 dogs experienced biologic response to therapy including partial responses (PR, n = 2) and stable disease (SD, n = 1). Based on CT, 5 dogs experienced a biologic response (n = 2 PR, n = 3 SD). Both imaging modalities (ultrasound and CT) were found to provide repeatable measurements between operators, however agreement between operator measurements was greater when CT images were used to assess tumor size. Conclusions The combination of toceranib and vinblastine did not result in improved response rates. While agreement in tumor volume assessments between both AUS and CT were excellent between operators, this did not extend to assessment of tumor response. The higher rate of concordance between operators when assessing response to treatment with CT suggests that CT should be considered for future clinical trials involving canine bladder TCC to improve the accuracy and repeatability of tumor measurement. The data suggest that response to therapy as assessed by AUS or CT do not predict duration of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather L Gardner
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Emma E Warry
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - William Tod Drost
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric T Hostnik
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric M Green
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dennis J Chew
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Jang JK, Chretin J, Bruyette D, Hu P, Epstein AL. Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study with LEC/chTNT-3 and Toceranib Phosphate (Palladia ®) in Dogs with Spontaneous Malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:167-174. [PMID: 26635918 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES LEC chemokine promotes TH1 responses and recruits immune cells to inflammatory sites. By linking LEC to an antibody targeting tumor necrosis, LEC/chTNT-3 can be used for the immunotherapeutic treatment of tumors. The primary objective of this study was to determine the safety profile of LEC/chTNT-3 and toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) combination therapy in dogs with spontaneous malignancies. Secondary purpose was to determine objective responses to treatment. METHODS Twenty-three dogs with cancer were enrolled, covering nine different malignancies. In this dose escalation study, dogs received LEC/chTNT-3 for five days, and toceranib every 48 hours for the remainder of the study. Dogs received physical exams, chemistry panel, urinalysis, and complete blood counts on days 0, 10, 28 of the study, and every 6-8 weeks thereafter. RESULTS Lethargy was noted in 13% dogs. There were no statistical differences in the prevalence of anorexia, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity, or hepatic toxicity before or during the study. There were trends in increases in the prevalence of vomiting, lymphopenia, and neutropenia (all grade 2 or lower, p=0.07) over the initial 28 days of the study. By day 28, 10% of dogs had partial responses, 58% had stable disease, and 32% had progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS LEC/chTNT-3 and toceranib were well tolerated. This combination therapy showed some biological activity against a variety of cancers at a low dose and short duration of LEC/chTNT-3 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Jang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Chretin
- Veterinary Centers of America West Los Angeles Animal Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Bruyette
- Veterinary Centers of America West Los Angeles Animal Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peisheng Hu
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan L Epstein
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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