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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Jiang T, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Xu W. Rapidly identifying and quantifying of unsaturated lipids with carbon-carbon double bond isomers by photoepoxidation. Talanta 2023; 260:124575. [PMID: 37141821 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated lipids play an essential role in life activities. Identifying and quantifying their carbon-carbon double bond (CC) isomers have become a hot topic in recent years. In lipidomics, the analysis of unsaturated lipids in complex biological samples usually requires high-throughput methods, which puts forward the requirements of rapid response and simple operation for identification. In this paper, we proposed a photoepoxidation strategy, which uses benzoin to open the double bonds of unsaturated lipids to form epoxides under ultraviolet light and aerobic conditions. Photoepoxidation is controlled by light and has a fast response. After 5 min, the derivatization yield can reach 80% with no side reaction products. Besides, the method has the advantages of high quantitation accuracy and a high yield of diagnostic ions. It was successfully applied to rapidly identify the double bond locations of various unsaturated lipids in both positive and negative ion modes, and to rapidly identify and quantitatively analyze the various isomers of unsaturated lipids in mouse tissue extract. So the method has the potential for large-scale analysis of unsaturated lipids in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Han J, Amau M, Okamoto Y, Suga K, Umakoshi H. Investigation of Quercetin interaction behaviors with lipid bilayers: Toward understanding its antioxidative effect within biomembrane. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:49-55. [PMID: 33863664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QCT), existing in common dietary sources, is an abundant bioflavonoid with planar structure and exerts multiple pharmacological effects. Herein, four kinds of liposomes were prepared as model biomembranes, and then the partition coefficient, distribution in lipid membrane and influence of the QCT on the membrane properties were evaluated. The partition of QCT to lipid membranes was affected by both membrane phase state and the interference of QCT on membrane properties. The location of QCT in lipid membrane was related to the phase state of lipid membrane. In addition, influence of QCT on the compaction of the hydrocarbon tail in lipid membranes was dependent on the unsaturation degree of lipid molecules. Finally, about its antioxidant activity, from the results of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, it can be concluded that the interaction of QCT with lipid membrane greatly influences on QCT reductive activity in lipid membrane. Furthermore, mass spectrometry of DOPC molecule showed no lipid oxidation in the presence of QCT, indicating that in addition to the QCT ability toward radical scavenging, the ordering effect of QCT in unsaturated lipid membrane would be helpful to protect lipid membrane from oxidation by inhibiting radical diffusion (synergy effect). Based on lipid membrane analysis, our study made it clear that the effect of QCT on various lipid membrane and its relation with the antioxidant effect of QCT within lipid membrane. Therefore, our analytical method and findings would be also helpful for understanding the mechanism of other antioxidants effects on biomembrane.
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Franklin ET, Betancourt SK, Randolph CE, McLuckey SA, Xia Y. In-depth structural characterization of phospholipids by pairing solution photochemical reaction with charge inversion ion/ion chemistry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4739-4749. [PMID: 30613841 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Shotgun lipid analysis based on electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) is increasingly used in lipidomic studies. One challenge for the shotgun approach is the discrimination of lipid isomers and isobars. Gas-phase charge inversion via ion/ion reactions has been used as an effective method to identify multiple isomeric/isobaric components in a single MS peak by exploiting the distinctive functionality of different lipid classes. In doing so, fatty acyl chain information can be obtained without recourse to condensed-phase separations or derivatization. This method alone, however, cannot provide carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) location information from fatty acyl chains. Herein, we provide an enhanced method pairing photochemical derivatization of C=C via the Paternò-Büchi reaction with charge inversion ion/ion tandem mass spectrometry. This method was able to provide gas-phase separation of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, the fatty acyl compositions, and the C=C location within each fatty acyl chain. We have successfully applied this method to bovine liver lipid extracts and identified 40 molecular species of glycerophospholipids with detailed structural information including head group, fatty acyl composition, and C=C location. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissia T Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Stella K Betancourt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Caitlin E Randolph
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Scott A McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA.
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Eungrasamee K, Miao R, Incharoensakdi A, Lindblad P, Jantaro S. Improved lipid production via fatty acid biosynthesis and free fatty acid recycling in engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:8. [PMID: 30622650 PMCID: PMC6319012 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanobacteria are potential sources for third generation biofuels. Their capacity for biofuel production has been widely improved using metabolically engineered strains. In this study, we employed metabolic engineering design with target genes involved in selected processes including the fatty acid synthesis (a cassette of accD, accA, accC and accB encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACC), phospholipid hydrolysis (lipA encoding lipase A), alkane synthesis (aar encoding acyl-ACP reductase, AAR), and recycling of free fatty acid (FFA) (aas encoding acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase, AAS) in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. RESULTS To enhance lipid production, engineered strains were successfully obtained including an aas-overexpressing strain (OXAas), an aas-overexpressing strain with aar knockout (OXAas/KOAar), and an accDACB-overexpressing strain with lipA knockout (OXAccDACB/KOLipA). All engineered strains grew slightly slower than wild-type (WT), as well as with reduced levels of intracellular pigment levels of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. A higher lipid content was noted in all the engineered strains compared to WT cells, especially in OXAas, with maximal content and production rate of 34.5% w/DCW and 41.4 mg/L/day, respectively, during growth phase at day 4. The OXAccDACB/KOLipA strain, with an impediment of phospholipid hydrolysis to FFA, also showed a similarly high content of total lipid of about 32.5% w/DCW but a lower production rate of 31.5 mg/L/day due to a reduced cell growth. The knockout interruptions generated, upon a downstream flow from intermediate fatty acyl-ACP, an induced unsaturated lipid production as observed in OXAas/KOAar and OXAccDACB/KOLipA strains with 5.4% and 3.1% w/DCW, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Among the three metabolically engineered Synechocystis strains, the OXAas with enhanced free fatty acid recycling had the highest efficiency to increase lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonchanock Eungrasamee
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Rui Miao
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry–Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Peter Lindblad
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry–Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Saowarath Jantaro
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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Stinson CA, Zhang W, Xia Y. UV Lamp as a Facile Ozone Source for Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Lipids Via Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2018; 29:481-489. [PMID: 29235039 PMCID: PMC5839981 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of alkene functional groups is a type of highly specific and effective chemical reaction, which has found increasing applications in structural analysis of unsaturated lipids via coupling with mass spectrometry (MS). In this work, we utilized a low-pressure mercury lamp (6 W) to initiate ozonolysis inside electrospray ionization (ESI) sources. By placing the lamp near a nanoESI emitter that partially transmits 185 nm ultraviolet (UV) emission from the lamp, dissolved dioxygen in the spray solution was converted into ozone, which subsequently cleaved the double bonds within fatty acyls of lipids. Solvent conditions, such as presence of water and acid solution pH, were found to be critical in optimizing ozonolysis yields. Fast (on seconds time scale) and efficient (50%-100% yield) ozonolysis was achieved for model unsaturated phospholipids and fatty acids with UV lamp-induced ozonolysis incorporated on a static and an infusion nanoESI source. The method was able to differentiate double bond location isomers and identify the geometry of the double bond based on yield. The analytical utility of UV lamp-induced ozonolysis was further demonstrated by implementation on a liquid chromatography (LC)-MS platform. Ozonolysis was effected in a flow microreactor that was made from ozone permeable tubing, so that ambient ozone produced by the lamp irradiation could diffuse into the reactor and induce online ozonolysis post-LC separation and before ESI-MS. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Stinson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
- Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, 97214, USA
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Rokitskaya TI, Kotova EA, Agapov II, Moisenovich MM, Antonenko YN. Unsaturated lipids protect the integral membrane peptide gramicidin A from singlet oxygen. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1590-5. [PMID: 24613917 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to expectations that unsaturated fatty acids contribute to oxidative stress by providing a source of lipid peroxides, we demonstrated the protective effect of double bonds in lipids on oxidative damage to membrane proteins. Photodynamic inactivation of gramicidin channels was decreased in unsaturated lipid compared to saturated lipid bilayers. By estimating photosensitizer (boronated chlorine e6 amide) binding to the membrane with the current relaxation technique, the decrease in gramicidin photoinactivation was attributed to singlet oxygen scavenging by double bonds in lipids rather than to the reduction in photosensitizer binding. Gramicidin protection by unsaturated lipids was also observed upon induction of oxidative stress with tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana I Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena A Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Agapov
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Academician V.I.Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail M Moisenovich
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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